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Layton TB, Williams L, Nanchahal J. Dupuytren's disease: a localised and accessible human fibrotic disorder. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:218-227. [PMID: 36566101 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the biology of Dupuytren's disease (DD), a common localised fibrotic disorder of the hand. The disease develops through a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and epigenetic signalling. The early-stage disease nodules comprise a complex milieu of stromal and immune cells which interact to promote disease development. Recently, inhibition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) locally resulted in softening and a decrease in nodule size, potentially controlling disease progression. Unlike fibrotic disorders of the visceral organs, the easy access to tissue in DD patients enables dissection of the cellular landscape and molecular signalling pathways. In addition, the study of DD may have wider benefits in enhancing our understanding of less-accessible fibrotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 8FE, UK
| | - Lynn Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 8FE, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 8FE, UK.
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Cohen DJ, Reynaldo WV, Borba VB, Theodoro TR, Petri G, Cavalheiro RP, Mader AM, Han SW, Pinhal MA, Glina S. New in vivo model to assess macroscopic, histological, and molecular changes in Peyronie's disease. Andrology 2021; 10:154-165. [PMID: 34464514 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's Disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder that affects the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis causing curvature and erectile dysfunction. The pathophysiology is not well understood and, for this reason, treatment options are limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to analyze and compare whether single or multiple instillations of plasma in the TA of rats is capable of triggering macroscopic, histopathological, and molecular changes consistent with PD. MATERIAL/METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: a single instillation of plasma in the TA; Group 2: a single instillation of distilled water in the TA; Group 3: four instillations of plasma in the TA (1x per week); and Group 4: four instillations of distilled water in the TA (1× per week). Forty-five days after the last instillation a manual inspection of the corpus cavernosum, a penile erection test and a penectomy were performed to obtain material for histopathological and molecular analysis. RESULTS It was observed that 31.25% of the rats that received repeated instillations of plasma presented penile curvature according to the erection test, while none of the rats from the control group or group with one instillation of plasma presented curvature. In the animals that received four instillations of plasma, the following differences were observed in relation to the control group: increase in fibrosis and the deposition of collagen I. The protein expression of heparanase (HPSE) and TGF-β increased in the groups that received a single or four instillations of plasma, and the protein expression of heparanase-2 (HPSE-2), metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-2) showed an increase in the group that received four instillations of plasma. There was a significant increase in the gene expression of HPSE, MMP-9, and TGF-β in the group that received four instillations of plasma. In the analysis of the glycosaminoglycans, an increase was observed in the secretion of galactosaminoglycans chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) in the group that received four instillations of plasma. DISCUSSION Previous studies have demonstrated increased protein expression. of HPSE, MMP-9 and TGF-β with instillation of blood in the TA; however, there was no increase in gene expression. In the present study, the increase in the expression of TGF-β with plasma instillations, proved to be more reliable. The two models with plasma (one or four instillations) demonstrated significant histopathological and molecular changes when compared to the control group. However, only in the group with four plasma instillations there was a macroscopic change. The idea is that repeatedly extravasation of TGF-β present in plasma of predisposed individuals acts as a trigger for the development and maintenance of changes in the extracellular matrix that perpetuate an anomalous inflammatory process present in PD. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the repeated instillation of plasma is a low cost in vivo model for the study of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cohen
- ABC Medical School, Urologic Department, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian B Borba
- ABC Medical School, Urologic Department, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | | | - Giuliana Petri
- ABC Medical School, Experimental Surgery Department, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M Mader
- ABC Medical school, Pathology Department, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Sang W Han
- Paulista Medical School, Biochemistry Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Pinhal
- ABC Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Santo André, Brazil.,Paulista Medical School, Biochemistry Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidney Glina
- ABC Medical School, Urologic Department, Santo Andre, Brazil
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3
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Jung J, Kim GW, Lee B, Joo JWJ, Jang W. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of genetic markers in Dupuytren's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:98. [PMID: 31296227 PMCID: PMC6624179 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disorder characterized by thickening and contracting palmar fascia. The exact pathogenesis of DD remains unknown. Results In this study, we identified co-expressed gene set (DD signature) consisting of 753 genes via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. To confirm the robustness of DD signature, module enrichment analysis and meta-analysis were performed. Moreover, this signature effectively classified DD disease samples. The DD signature were significantly enriched in unfolded protein response (UPR) related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Next, we conducted multiple-phenotype regression analysis to identify trans-regulatory hotspots regulating expression levels of DD signature using Genotype-Tissue Expression data. Finally, 10 trans-regulatory hotspots and 16 eGenes genes that are significantly associated with at least one cis-eQTL were identified. Conclusions Among these eGenes, major histocompatibility complex class II genes and ZFP57 zinc finger protein were closely related to ER stress and UPR, suggesting that these genetic markers might be potential therapeutic targets for DD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0518-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jung
- Department of Life science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Byungjo Lee
- Department of Life science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wha J Joo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Cohen DJ, Oliveira AV, Theodoro TR, Petri G, Melo CM, Cavalheiro RP, Nader HB, Mader AM, Pinhal MAS, Glina S. Extracellular matrix alterations after blood instillation in tunica albuginea of rats. Int J Impot Res 2017; 30:85-92. [PMID: 29242634 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-017-0015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cause of Peyronie's disease (PD) is still not completely understood. The objective of this study, therefore, was to analyze the histological and biochemical alterations that occur after the instillation of blood in the tunica albuginea (TA) of rats with an emphasis on the remodeling process of ECM. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: two control groups with instillation of distilled water in TA followed by penectomy after 15 days or 45 days, respectively and two experimental groups with instillation of blood in TA followed by penectomy after 15 days or 45 days, respectively. Histological, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The higher presence of fibrotic tissue in rats injected with blood demonstrated alterations in TA similar to inflammation found in PD. The increased expression of TGF-β, MMP9, HPSE, and biglycan associated with the decreased expression of syndecan-1 and aggrecan in the experimental groups suggested an enhancement in the remodeling of ECM. The results contribute to show that blood instillation on TA appears to trigger alterations in the ECM similar to the ones found in inflammatory diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cohen
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Urology Department, Santo André, Brazil
| | - André V Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Urology Department, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Giuliana Petri
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Animal House Facility, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina M Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Biochemistry Department, Santo André, Brazil.,Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P Cavalheiro
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Biochemistry Department, Santo André, Brazil.,Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Mader
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Pathology Department, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Maria A S Pinhal
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Biochemistry Department, Santo André, Brazil.,Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidney Glina
- Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Urology Department, Santo André, Brazil.
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5
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Watanabe MS, Theodoro TR, Coelho NL, Mendes A, Leonel MLP, Mader AM, Nader HB, Glina S, Pinhal MAS. Extracellular matrix alterations in the Peyronie's disease. J Adv Res 2017; 8:455-461. [PMID: 28721300 PMCID: PMC5491452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyronie’s disease is characterized by fibrous plaque formation of the tunica albuginea, causing penile deformity and fertility problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in the extracellular matrix in Peyronie’s disease. The study used tissues collected by surgical procedure from individuals that presented a well-established disease, while control samples were obtained by biopsies of fresh cadavers. Immunohistochemistry analysis followed by digital quantification was performed to evaluate TGF-β, heparanases and metalloproteinases (MMPs). The profile of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, while hyaluronic acid quantification was obtained by an ELISA-like assay. The expression of mRNA was investigated for syndecan-1 proteoglycan (Syn-1), interleukine-6 (IL-6), hyaluronic acid synthases, and hyaluronidases. Pathologic features showed decreased apoptosis and blood vessel number in Peyronie’s tissues. TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly enhanced in Peyronie’s disease. There was an increased expression of heparanases, though no alteration was observed for MMPs. Hyaluronic acid as well as hyaluronic acid synthases, hyaluronidases, and dermatan sulfate were not changed, while the level of chondroitin sulfate was significantly (P = 0.008, Mann-Whitney test) increased in Peyronie’s samples. Heparanases and sulfated glycosaminoglycans seem to be involved in extracellular matrix alterations in Peyronie’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natália Lima Coelho
- Biochemistry Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes
- Biochemistry Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Mader
- Pathology Department Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Biochemistry Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Sidney Glina
- Urology Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Biochemistry Departament, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André 09060-650, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Dermatan sulfate is a player in the transglutaminase 2 interaction network. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172263. [PMID: 28199387 PMCID: PMC5310773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that is primarily engaged in cell adhesion/signaling or shows Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in the extracellular space of tissues. This latter action leads to the cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The enhanced extracellular expression of TG2 is associated with processes such as wound healing, fibrosis or vascular remodeling that are also characterized by a high deposition of dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans in the ECM. However, it is unknown whether DS may bind to TG2 or affect its function. Using the plasmon surface resonance method, we showed that DS chains, especially those of biglycan, are good binding partners for TG2. The interaction has some requirements as to the DS structure. The competitive effect of heparin on DS binding to TG2 suggests that both glycosaminoglycans occupy the same binding site(s) on the protein molecule. An occurrence of the DS-TG2 interaction was confirmed by the co-immunoprecipitation of this protein with native decorin that is a DS-bearing proteoglycan rather than with the decorin core protein. Moreover, in vivo DS is responsible for both TG2 binding and the regulation of the location of this protein in the ECM as can be suggested from an increased extraction of TG2 from the human fascia only when an enzymatic degradation of the tissue DS was conducted in the presence of the anti-collagen type I antiserum. In addition, DS with a low affinity for TG2 exerted an inhibitory effect on the protein transamidating activity most probably via the control of the accessibility of a substrate. Our data show that DS can affect several aspects of TG2 biology in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Nascimento PCH, Kobayashi EY, Lenzi LGDS, Santos JBGD, Nader HB, Faloppa F. GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AND PROTEOGLYCANS IN PALMAR FASCIA OF PATIENTS WITH DUPUYTREN. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2016; 24:98-101. [PMID: 26981045 PMCID: PMC4775499 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220162402154342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective : To evaluate and compare the behavior of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Dupuytren disease (DD). Methods : This is an experimental study with 23 patients diagnosed with DD. Tissue collected through fasciectomy with incision type Brunner or McCash were evaluated by electrophoresis for identification of GAGs. The quantification was carried out by immunofluorescence and dosage of proteins for different types of glycosaminoglycans. The results were expressed in percentage and statistically evaluated. Results : A significant increase was observed through eletrophoresis in GAGs, as compared to the control (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence of hyaluronic acid was reduced (23 times) when compared to the control (p<0.0001). Conclusion : An increase of sulfated GAGs in Dupuytren's disease, mainly dermatan sulfate, was evident from our results, as well as a pronounced decrease of hyaluronic acid in the palmar aponeurosis from the same patients. Level of Evidence III, Case-Control Study.
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8
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Koźma EM, Wisowski G, Latocha M, Kusz D, Olczyk K. Complex influence of dermatan sulphate on breast cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1575-88. [PMID: 24912503 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214538590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor transformation and progression both lead to extracellular matrix remodeling, which is also reflected in an alteration in the proportion of dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) and an accumulation of the latter. In addition, a significant increase in the 6-O-sulphated disaccharide contribution to the structure of both glycosaminoglycans has been observed. It is commonly accepted that CS is more permissive for tumor growth than DS. However, the detailed role of DS in tumor progression is poorly known. We tested the effects of structurally different DSs on the behavior of cultured breast cancer cells. At a high dose (10 µg/mL), all of the DSs significantly reduced cancer cell growth, although some differences in the efficiency of action were apparent. In contrast, when used at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, the examined DSs evoked different responses ranging from the stimulation to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The highest stimulatory activity was associated with fibrosis-affected fascia decorin DS, which is characterized by a particularly high content of 6-O-sulphated disaccharides. Further reduction in DS concentration to 0.5 µg/mL preserved majority of biological effects which were apparent at a dose of 1 µg/mL. The enzymatic fragmentation of the DSs, particularly by chondroitinase AC I, abolished the impact exerted by 1 µg/mL of the intact DS chains and sometimes resulted in the opposite effect. In contrast to DSs, highly sulphated C-6-S exhibited no effect on the cancer cells. Our data revealed the complexity of the effects of DSs on breast cancer cells, which include both co-receptor activity and the prevention of vascular endothelial growth factor action. In addition, the biological effect of DSs is strongly dependent not only on the glycosaminoglycan structure but also on its content in the cancer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, ul. Jedności 8, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, ul. Jedności 8, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Latocha
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, ul. Jedności 8, Poland
| | - Damian Kusz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-635, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec 41-200, ul. Jedności 8, Poland
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Vi L, Gan BS, O'Gorman DB. The potential roles of cell migration and extra-cellular matrix interactions in Dupuytren's disease progression and recurrence. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:510-2. [PMID: 19896280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease is a pathological condition of the palmar fascia characterized by the formation of contractile disease cords that result in permanent finger contracture. This condition is believed to progress from a myofibroblast-rich nodule in the early clinical stages of the disease to a contractile disease cord spanning a portion of the fascia, leading to contracture of one or more digits. The mechanism(s) by which this disease progresses from a nodule to a collagenous disease cord are poorly understood. Here, we discuss two possible models of disease progression. Firstly, disease progression might be mediated by the proliferation and outward migration of disease cells from within the nodule to populate the adjacent palmar fascia, resulting in a disease cord containing contractile cells derived from the nodule itself. Alternatively, nodular cells may secrete disease-associated factors into the surrounding extra-cellular matrix, thereby altering its composition and triggering quiescent, phenotypically normal cells in the adjacent palmar fascia to take on a proliferative and contractile phenotype. Based on the available evidence and the current state of knowledge of myofibroblast biology, we hypothesize that extra-cellular matrix interactions resulting in conversion of adjacent palmar fascia cells to a disease phenotype is more likely than cell migration from the nodule. Understanding the mechanisms of Dupuytren's disease progression will assist in the development of effective therapeutic interventions to address the high clinical recurrence rate of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Koźma EM, Wisowski G, Olczyk K. Platelet derived growth factor BB is a ligand for dermatan sulfate chain(s) of small matrix proteoglycans from normal and fibrosis affected fascia. Biochimie 2009; 91:1394-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Although fasciae have long interested clinicians in a multitude of different clinical and paramedical disciplines, there have been few attempts to unite the ensuing diverse literature into a single review. The current article gives an anatomical perspective that extends from the gross to the molecular level. For expediency, it deals only with fascia in the limbs and back. Particular focus is directed towards deep fascia and thus consideration is given to structures such as the fascia lata, thoracolumbar fascia, plantar and palmar fascia, along with regional specializations of deep fascia such as retinacula and fibrous pulleys. However, equal emphasis is placed on general aspects of fascial structure and function, including its innervation and cellular composition. Among the many functions of fascia considered in detail are its ectoskeletal role (as a soft tissue skeleton for muscle attachments), its importance for creating osteofascial compartments for muscles, encouraging venous return in the lower limb, dissipating stress concentration at entheses and acting as a protective sheet for underlying structures. Emphasis is placed on recognizing the continuity of fascia between regions and appreciating its key role in coordinating muscular activity and acting as a body-wide proprioceptive organ. Such considerations far outweigh the significance of viewing fascia in a regional context alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Benjamin
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Shih B, Wijeratne D, Armstrong DJ, Lindau T, Day P, Bayat A. Identification of biomarkers in Dupuytren's disease by comparative analysis of fibroblasts versus tissue biopsies in disease-specific phenotypes. J Hand Surg Am 2009; 34:124-36. [PMID: 19121738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers are molecular mediators that can serve as indicators of normal biological processes, pathologic processes, and therapeutic interventions. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers in Dupuytren's disease (DD), a fibroproliferative benign tumor with an unknown etiology and high recurrence after surgery. METHODS Bioinformatic analytical techniques were employed to identify candidate genes that may be differentially expressed in DD, which included gene expression analysis of microarray data and thorough literature searches in genetic linkage and other related biomolecular studies. All DD cases were males with advanced DD (n = 5, 66 years +/- 14). RNA was extracted from biopsies and corresponding cultures of normal fascia (unaffected transverse palmar fascia), palmar nodule and cord from each patient. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were performed to determine the gene expression levels for disease-related transcripts. RESULTS The bioinformatic analysis revealed 25 candidate genes, which were further short-listed to 6 genes via functional annotation. The 6 selected candidate genes included: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM12), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member (ALDH1) A1, Iroquois homeobox protein 6 (IRX6), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), tenascin C (TNC), and periostin (POSTN). The culturing treatments were shown to have significant impact on the gene expression for ALDH1A1, PRG4, and TNC. In tissue biopsies, significant fold changes were observed for ADAM12, POSTN, and TNC in the cord and/or nodule when compared with that of normal fascia. ADAM12 and POSTN are associated with accelerated or abnormal cell growth, whereas TNC has been associated with fibrotic diseases and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated differential gene expression results in DD tissue biopsies compared with that of their corresponding cultures. ADAM12, POSTN, and TNC were identified from the cord and nodule biopsy samples as potential biomarkers in relation to DD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Shih
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Articular cartilage repair and regeneration continue to be largely intractable because of the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. The field of articular cartilage tissue engineering, which aims to repair, regenerate, and/or improve injured or diseased articular cartilage functionality, has evoked intense interest and holds great potential for improving articular cartilage therapy. This review provides an overall description of the current state of and progress in articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Traditional therapies and related problems are introduced. More importantly, a variety of promising cell sources, biocompatible tissue engineered scaffolds, scaffoldless techniques, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli used in current articular cartilage tissue engineering are reviewed. Finally, the technical and regulatory challenges of articular cartilage tissue engineering and possible future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jerry Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Metalloproteinase gene expression correlates with clinical outcome in Dupuytren's disease. J Hand Surg Am 2008; 33:1160-7. [PMID: 18762113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated that gene expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), related metalloproteinases "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospontin motifs" (ADAMTSs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) differed when comparing palmar fascia from 19 patients with Dupuytren's disease (DD) with 19 disease-free controls. We undertook to investigate whether the extent of this altered gene expression was related to clinical outcome. METHODS All the patients with DD were followed up for an average of 14 months from their primary fasciectomy. Clinical outcome was scored by measuring range of motion to assess total extension deficit (fixed flexion deformity [FFD] of the affected digit), total further flexion, and grip strength, and using 3 validated outcome scores: the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, the Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ), and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). RESULTS We found a considerable correlation between levels of gene expression of several of the MMPs (MMP2, MMP13, MMP14, MMP16, MMP 19) and ADAMTSs (ADAMTS2, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS14, ADAMTS16) and the recurrence of FFD over the follow-up period. The expression of all these genes had been shown to be increased in DD samples compared with controls. We also found that the expression levels of several of these genes correlated with 2 other preoperative measurements, total further flexion (digital roll-up) and grip strength. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gene expression levels of key MMPs and ADAMTSs could be used to predict 1-year clinical outcome in terms of recurrent FFD of the affected finger following fasciectomy for DD. This implies that knowledge of these expression levels could be used to direct appropriate surgical and adjuvant intervention for DD. This study also provides further evidence to support the functional link between metalloproteinase gene expression and symptomatic progression or recurrence. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic IV.
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