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Liu Y, Han Q, Li G, Lin H, Liu F, Li Q, Deng G. Anticoagulation polyvinyl chloride extracorporeal circulation catheters for heparin-free treatment. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8302-8314. [PMID: 36165336 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01584f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) catheters have potential to be blood compatible and could be used to prevent thrombotic occlusion. Here, we produced heparin-mimicking anticoagulation PVC tubing on a large scale by synthesizing a heparin-mimicking polymer (HMP) and co-extruding. The PVC@HMP catheter was evaluated using whole human blood in vitro, which indicated it could prevent plasma protein attachment, reduce platelet adhesion and activation, and inhibit coagulation factors (XII, XI, IX, and VIII). Moreover, the anticoagulation PVC tubing was assembled into extracorporeal circulation with a New Zealand rabbit model, manifesting excellent real-time antithrombogenic properties without systemic heparin anticoagulation in vivo. The rapid recovery of coagulation factors after operation further confirmed its superiority over heparin, which would not completely inactivate the activity of those coagulation factors (XII, XI, IX and VIII). In addition, the PVC@HMP-1 catheters remain patent after being implanted in rats for 28 days without apparent inflammation and mortality complications. The anticoagulation PVC tubes could be used to construct various systemic and integrative anticlotting biomedical devices, which would dramatically reduce the introduction of heparin into blood circulation, thus preventing side effects and promoting the development of heparin-free treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Rd, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Rd, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Guiliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Rd, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Rd, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan West Rd, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Gang Deng
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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Chander A, Atkinson HM, Stevic I, Berry LR, Kim PY, Chan AKC. Interactions of heparin and a covalently-linked antithrombin-heparin complex with components of the fibrinolytic system. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:1180-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-04-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryUnfractionated heparin (UFH) is used as an adjunct during thrombolytic therapy. However, its use is associated with limitations, such as the inability to inhibit surface bound coagulation factors. We have developed a covalent conjugate of antithrombin (AT) and heparin (ATH) with superior anticoagulant properties compared with UFH. Advantages of ATH include enhanced inhibition of surface-bound coagulation enzymes and the ability to reduce the overall size and mass of clots in vivo. The interactions of UFH or ATH with the components of the fibrinolytic pathway are not well understood. Our study utilised discontinuous second order rate constant (k2 ) assays to compare the rates of inhibition of free and fibrin-associated plasmin by AT+UFH vs ATH. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of AT+UFH and ATH on plasmin generation in the presence of fibrin. The k2 values for inhibition of plasmin were 5.74 ± 0.28 x 106 M-1 min-1 and 6.39 ± 0.59 x 106 M-1 min-1 for AT+UFH and ATH, respectively. In the presence of fibrin, the k2 values decreased to 1.45 ± 0.10 x 106 M-1 min1 and 3.07 ± 0.19 x 106 M-1 min-1 for AT+UFH and ATH, respectively. Therefore, protection of plasmin by fibrin was observed for both inhibitors; however, ATH demonstrated superior inhibition of fibrin-associated plasmin. Rates of plasmin generation were also decreased by both inhibitors, with ATH causing the greatest reduction (approx. 38-fold). Nonetheless, rates of plasmin inhibition were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than for thrombin, and in a plasma-based clot lysis assay ATH significantly inhibited clot formation but had little impact on clot lysis. Cumulatively, these data may indicate that, relative to coagulant enzymes, the fibrinolytic system is spared from inhibition by both AT+UFH and ATH, limiting reduction in fibrinolytic potential during anticoagulant therapy.
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Stevic I, Chan HHW, Chander A, Berry LR, Chan AKC. Covalently linking heparin to antithrombin enhances prothrombinase inhibition on activated platelets. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:1016-24. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-10-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFactor (F)Xa within the prothrombinase complex is protected from inhibition by unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin and fondaparinux. We have developed a covalent antithrombin-heparin complex (ATH) with enhanced anticoagulant activity. We have also demonstrated that ATH is superior at inhibiting coagulation factors when assembled on artificial surfaces. The objective of the present study is to determine the ability of ATH vs AT+UFH to inhibit FXa within the prothrombinase complex when the enzyme complex is assembled on the more native platelet system. Discontinuous inhibition assays were performed to determine final k 2-values for inhibition of FXa, FXa within the platelet-prothrombinase, or FXa within prothrombinase devoid of various components. Thrombin generation and plasma clotting was also assayed in the presence of resting/activated platelets ± inhibitors. Protection of FXa was not observed for ATH, whereas a moderate 60% protection was observed for AT+UFH. ATH inhibited platelet-prothrombinase ∼4-fold faster than AT+UFH. Relative to intact prothrombinase, rates for FXa inhibition by AT+UFH in prothrombinase complexes devoid of either prothrombin (II)/activated platelets/FVa were higher. However, inhibition by AT+UFH of prothrombinase devoid of FII yielded slightly lower rates compared to free FXa inhibition. Thrombin generation and plasma clotting was enhanced with activated platelets, while inhibition was better by ATH compared to AT+UFH, thus suggesting an overall enhanced anticoagulant activity of ATH against platelet-bound prothrombinase complexes.
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Inhibition of plasmin generation in plasma by heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and a covalent antithrombin–heparin complex. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2017; 28:431-437. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stevic I, Chan HHW, Berry LR, Chander A, Chan AKC. Inhibition of the prothrombinase complex on red blood cells by heparin and covalent antithrombin-heparin complex. J Biochem 2012; 153:103-10. [PMID: 23100269 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of red blood cells (RBCs) in coagulation is not well understood. Overt exposure of phosphatidylserine on surfaces of RBCs provide docking sites for formation of the prothrombinase complex, which further aids in amplification of coagulation leading to subsequent thrombosis. No studies to date have evaluated heparin inhibition of the RBC-prothrombinase system. Therefore, this study examines the ability of heparin and a covalent antithrombin-heparin complex (ATH) to inhibit the RBC-prothrombinase system. Discontinuous inhibition assays were performed to obtain k₂ values for inhibition of free or prothrombinase-bound Xa by antithrombin and unfractionated heparin (AT + UFH) versus ATH. In addition, components of the complex (prothrombin, RBCs or Va) were excluded prior to reaction with inhibitors to investigate potential mechanisms involved. Inhibition of thrombin generation, fibrinogen conversion and plasma clotting by the RBC-prothrombinase system was also examined. Protection of Xa was observed for AT + UFH and not for ATH reactions. Inhibition rates for ATH were significantly faster when compared with AT + UFH results. The greatest impact on Xa inhibition was observed from factor Va omission for both inhibitors. ATH inhibited thrombin generation, fibrinogen conversion and plasma clotting better compared with AT + UFH. This study determined potential control of coagulation contributed by RBCs. Moreover, greater control of coagulation is achieved by covalently linking heparin to AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stevic
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), DBCVSRI, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
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Stevic I, Berry LR, Chan AKC. Mechanism of inhibition of the prothrombinase complex by a covalent antithrombin-heparin complex. J Biochem 2012; 152:139-48. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Van Walderveen MC, Berry LR, Chan AKC. Effect of covalent antithrombin-heparin on activated protein C inactivation by protein C inhibitor. J Biochem 2010; 148:255-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jung H, Tae G, Kim YH, Johannsmann D. Change of viscoelastic property and morphology of fibrin affected by antithrombin III and heparin: QCM-Z and AFM study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 68:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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