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Abstract
Antibodies have become a common and necessary tool in biochemistry, cell biology, and immunology laboratories. There are many different types of antibodies and antibody fragments being used for a myriad of applications. As a result, many different purification protocols have been developed to obtain antibodies of the desired specificity and sensitivity. Here, we introduce the options for small- to large-scale antibody purification and isolation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (and fragments generated from these) that target-specific proteins, as well as methods to properly purify antibodies that recognize posttranslational modifications. Optimal conditions for the long-term storage of antibodies are also discussed.
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Liu Z, Xu C, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu X, Wu L, Zhang Z, Meng X, Liu H, Jiang Z, Wang T. Functionally active rat S100A4 from a polymerase chain reaction-synthesized gene expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli.. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1179-1184. [PMID: 24944689 PMCID: PMC3961442 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 protein is associated with Ca2+-dependent regulation of intracellular activities and is significant in the invasion, growth and metastasis of cancer. In order to express rat S100A4 functionally and identify its biological activity following purification, an S100A4 gene fragment was optimized and fully synthesized via overlapping polymerase chain reaction. The gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector, pBV220, with phage λ PRPL promoters following confirmation by DNA sequencing. The pBV220-S100A4 plasmid was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. Following temperature induction, rat S100A4 was overexpressed and the protein was observed to be located in the supernatant of the lysates, which was ~30–40% of the total protein within the host. The protein was isolated and purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. High purity protein (>98% purity) was obtained and in vitro western blot analysis identified that the recombinant S100A4 was able to bind to the antibody against wild-type S100A4. The bioactivity of the recombinant protein was detected via Transwell migration and invasion assays. The polyclonal antibody of rat S100A4 protein was prepared for rabbit immunization and exhibited similar efficacies when compared with commercial S100A4. Therefore, rat S100A4 was functionally expressed in E. coli; thus, the production of active recombinant S100A4 protein in E. coli may further aid with the investigation and application of S100A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Liu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China ; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hedong, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiang Xu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China ; Tianjin University of Sport, Nankai, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China ; Tianjin University of Sport, Nankai, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China ; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hedong, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Heping, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
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Srisa-Art M, Kang DK, Hong J, Park H, Leatherbarrow RJ, Edel JB, Chang SI, deMello AJ. Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions by Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1605-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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