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Şenyuva İ, Koca C, Karabag Çoban F, Tarhan Ö. Salivary Histatin 5 Level in Women with Vaginal Candidiasis. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:5279323. [PMID: 35832797 PMCID: PMC9252690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5279323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histatins (Hsts) are considered a prominent member of antimicrobial peptides rich in histidine, bearing antifungal activity against Candida species. Hst5 is the most effective among them. Although Hst5 is not found in the cervicovaginal fluid, it has been detected in the human serum. Saliva acts as a mirror, reflecting the cause and effect relationship between several diseases. We aimed to show the salivary Hst5 levels with vaginal candidiasis. Women in the reproductive age group (18-50 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients and controls were classified based on the presence or absence of vaginal discharge suggestive of candidiasis, respectively. Vaginal and salivary samples were collected from all the women. Vaginal samples were cultured for the growth of Candida species. Salivary samples were tested by protein electrophoresis to detect Hst5 levels, and the results were compared between the two groups. A total of 80 women were included in this study. The mean age of women in vaginal candidiasis and control groups was 34.25 ± 8.06 and 36.83 ± 7.29 years, respectively. Candida species were isolated from the vaginal samples of the patient group (34 C. albicans, 6 non-Candida albicans) but not from the control group. Hst5 levels in the patient and control group were found to be 0.0571 ± 0.003 ng/mL and 0.0641 ± 0,0031 ng/mL, respectively. Hst5 levels were found to be significantly lower in the vaginal candidiasis group (p=0.001). We conclude that decreased salivary Hst5 levels in women are associated with vaginal candidiasis. Candida infection is a cause or result of lower salivary Hst5 levels, and it may be an important finding for the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, but further analysis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Şenyuva
- Usak Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Usak, Turkey
| | - Cansu Koca
- University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Özgür Tarhan
- Usak University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Usak, Turkey
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbani Zamani F, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Metal Binding Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanoparticle Bio-functionalization: New Heights in Drug Delivery and Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:48-63. [PMID: 31001788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are considered very important due to the diversity expressed through their amino acid sequence, structure variation, large spectrum, and their essential role in biological systems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as a potent tool in therapy owing to their antimicrobial properties but also their ability to trespass the membranes, specificity, and low toxicity. They comprise a variety of peptides from which specific amino acid-rich peptides are of interest to the current review due to their features in metal interaction and cell penetration. Histidine-rich peptides such as Histatins belong to the metal binding salivary residing peptides with efficient antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing activities. Furthermore, their ability to activate in acidic environment attracted the attention to their potential in therapy. The current review covers the current knowledge about AMPs and critically assess the potential of associating with metal ions both structurally and functionally. This review provides interesting hints for the advantages provided by AMPs and metal ions in biomedicine, making use of their direct properties in brain diseases therapy or in the creation of new bio-functionalized nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Nguyen M, Boutinaud M, Pétridou B, Gabory A, Pannetier M, Chat S, Bouet S, Jouneau L, Jaffrezic F, Laloë D, Klopp C, Brun N, Kress C, Jammes H, Charlier M, Devinoy E. DNA methylation and transcription in a distal region upstream from the bovine AlphaS1 casein gene after once or twice daily milking. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111556. [PMID: 25369064 PMCID: PMC4219721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Once daily milking (ODM) induces a reduction in milk production when compared to twice daily milking (TDM). Unilateral ODM of one udder half and TDM of the other half, enables the study of underlying mechanisms independently of inter-individual variability (same genetic background) and of environmental factors. Our results show that in first-calf heifers three CpG, located 10 kb upstream from the CSN1S1 gene were methylated to 33, 34 and 28%, respectively, after TDM but these levels were higher after ODM, 38, 38 and 33%, respectively. These methylation levels were much lower than those observed in the mammary gland during pregnancy (57, 59 and 50%, respectively) or in the liver (74, 78 and 61%, respectively). The methylation level of a fourth CpG (CpG4), located close by (29% during TDM) was not altered after ODM. CpG4 methylation reached 39.7% and 59.5%, during pregnancy or in the liver, respectively. CpG4 is located within a weak STAT5 binding element, arranged in tandem with a second high affinity STAT5 element. STAT5 binding is only marginally modulated by CpG4 methylation, but it may be altered by the methylation levels of the three other CpG nearby. Our results therefore shed light on mechanisms that help to explain how milk production is almost, but not fully, restored when TDM is resumed (15.1±0.2 kg/day instead of 16.2±0.2 kg/day, p<0.01). The STAT5 elements are 100 bp away from a region transcribed in the antisense orientation, in the mammary gland during lactation, but not during pregnancy or in other reproductive organs (ovary or testes). We now need to clarify whether the transcription of this novel RNA is a consequence of STAT5 interacting with the CSN1S1 distal region, or whether it plays a role in the chromatin structure of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marion Boutinaud
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie Environnement et Génétique pour l′Animal et les Systèmes d′Elevage, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Barbara Pétridou
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Chat
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stephan Bouet
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloë
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- INRA, Sigenae, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Brun
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clémence Kress
- INSERM U846 Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INRA, USC1361 AGROBIOSYSTEM, Université de Lyon 1 UMR S 846, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Madia Charlier
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eve Devinoy
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Melino S, Santone C, Di Nardo P, Sarkar B. Histatins: salivary peptides with copper(II)- and zinc(II)-binding motifs. FEBS J 2013; 281:657-72. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Celeste Santone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Italy
| | - Bibudhendra Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Structure and Function; The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
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de Oca EPM. Antimicrobial peptide elicitors: New hope for the post-antibiotic era. Innate Immun 2012; 19:227-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912460708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides or host defense peptides are fundamental components of human innate immunity. Recent and growing evidence suggests they have a role in a broad range of diseases, including cancer, allergies and susceptibility to infection, including HIV/AIDS. Antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs) are physical, biological or chemical agents that boost human antimicrobial peptide expression. The current knowledge of APEs and their potential use in the treatment of human infectious diseases are reviewed, and a classification system for APEs is proposed. The efficient use of APEs in clinical practice could mark the beginning of the urgently needed post-antibiotic era, but further trials assessing their efficacy and safety are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biosecurity Area, CIATEJ – National Council of Science and Technology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- In silico Laboratory, Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ – National Council of Science and Technology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Madhwani T, McBain AJ. Compositional modification of nascent in vitro dental plaques by human host-defence peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:374-81. [PMID: 22171654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salivary host-defence peptides include defensins, histatins and cathelicidin. We have investigated the effects of these peptides on the microbial composition of dental plaques. Salivary consortia, established within hydroxyapatite disc models, were exposed during development to physiological levels of human neutrophil proteins (HNP) 1 and 2; human β defensins (hβD) 1, 2 and 3; histatins (His) 5 and 8; and cathelicidin (LL37). Effects on aggregation and microbial composition were determined using fluorescence microscopy; and differential culture with PCR-DGGE, respectively. LIVE/DEAD microscopic analysis indicated that HDPs decreased total bacterial viability, whilst β defensins, paired HNPs, His 5, His 8 and the HDPs combined inhibited bacterial aggregation. According to differential culture, all test HDPs (except His 5) significantly decreased the abundance of Gram-negative anaerobes and lactobacilli (except HNP 2, hβD 1, paired HNPs and His 5). Combined HNPs and paired hβD 1 and 3 inhibited streptococci, whereas HNP 1, hβD 1, hβD 3, His 5 and LL37 increased streptococcal numbers. According to cluster analyses of DGGE profiles, HDP-exposed plaques were compositionally distinct from undosed controls. Thus, whilst HDPs reportedly exhibit variable potency against oral bacteria in endpoint susceptibly tests, exposure of nascent plaques can markedly influence bacterial viability, composition and microbial aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Madhwani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kurowska E, Bonna A, Goch G, Bal W. Salivary histatin-5, a physiologically relevant ligand for Ni(II) ions. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1220-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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