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Sharma D, Rizzo J, Nong Y, Murase LC, Fong S, Lo K, Rosenbach M, Sivamani R, Murase JE. Virtual Learning Decreases the Carbon Footprint of Medical Education. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:853-859. [PMID: 38532067 PMCID: PMC11052933 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The environmental impact of holding in-person academic conferences and continuing medical education (CME) programs can be significant. In-person conferences provide a unique social and professional platform to engage in networking and foster professional development; however, there is an opportunity for hybrid and virtual platforms to provide CME for broader audiences looking to improve their clinical skills and strengthen their knowledge base. This study seeks to describe the reduction in carbon emissions associated with a webinar hosted by an online dermatology-focused medical education platform. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the location of deidentified virtual attendees of a webinar to predict the carbon emissions produced if attendees had instead traveled to the location of the most recent Integrative Dermatology Symposium (Sacramento, CA). Following collection of each virtual attendee's location, the mode of transportation was predicted on the basis of each participant's distance to the conference. RESULTS The estimated carbon emissions were calculated for 576 participants. The total estimated, unadjusted carbon emissions for both attendees predicted to fly or drive was 370,100 kg CO2. The emissions produced per participant from those expected to fly to an in-person CME after adjusting for all additional passengers on every flight were 4.5 kg CO2. The emissions produced per participant from those expected to drive were 42.7 kg CO2. CONCLUSION The use of a virtual CME webinar led to a significant reduction in travel-related carbon dioxide emissions when compared to running the same program in-person event. When accounting for all passengers traveling via plane on any flight, driving to an event produced more emissions per participant than flying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Julianne Rizzo
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Nong
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Lilia C Murase
- San Francisco Dermatologic Society, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sydney Fong
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kenny Lo
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raja Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, 701 East El Camino Real (31-104) Mountain View, Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA.
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Bernicker E, Averbuch SD, Edge S, Kamboj J, Khuri FR, Pierce JY, Schiller J, Sirohi B, Thomas A, Moushey A, Phillips J, Hendricks C. Climate Change and Cancer Care: A Policy Statement From ASCO. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:178-186. [PMID: 38011607 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen Edge
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allyn Moushey
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
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Trang K, Fung BSC, Lamb T, Moloo H, Wick EC. Reducing Carbon Footprint in Travel to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Annual Meeting: Striking a Balance Between Environmental Impact and Collaborative Opportunities. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67:197-199. [PMID: 37889946 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Trang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Tyler Lamb
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husein Moloo
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Wick
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Parker EB, Bluman A, Pruneski J, Soens W, Bernstein A, Smith JT, Bluman EM. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Annual Meeting All-in-person Attendance Results in Immense Carbon Expenditure. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:2469-2480. [PMID: 37493467 PMCID: PMC10642890 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional society conferences are integral to the medical profession. However, airline travel is a major contributor to greenhouse gas production, and the environmental impact of in-person attendance at an orthopaedic conference has yet to be described. With growing concern about the climate crisis, we sought to quantify the carbon footprint of in-person attendance to help potential attendees more consciously consider in-person attendance, inform strategies to minimize greenhouse gas emissions during travel to annual meetings, and increase awareness about and momentum for efforts in orthopaedic surgery to reduce the carbon footprint of society conferences. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What was the magnitude of greenhouse gas production resulting from all-in-person 2019 American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) annual meeting attendance in Chicago, IL, USA? (2) What was the magnitude of greenhouse gas production resulting from the all-virtual 2020 AOFAS annual meeting, and how does it compare with the 2019 AOFAS annual meeting carbon footprint? (3) To what extent could an alternative in-person meeting model with four or seven hubs decrease greenhouse gas production resulting from round-trip air travel compared with the 2019 AOFAS annual meeting? METHODS A list of the postal codes and countries of all 1271 registered participants attending the four-day 2019 AOFAS annual meeting in Chicago, IL, USA, was obtained from AOFAS headquarters. The 2019 conference was chosen because it was the last pre-COVID meeting and thus attendance was more likely to resemble that at prepandemic in-person conferences than more recent meetings because of pandemic travel restrictions. We estimated carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO 2 e) production from round-trip air travel using a publicly available internet-based calculator (Myclimate: https://co2.myclimate.org/en/flight_calculators/new ). Emissions produced by the conference venue, car travel, and hotel stays were estimated using published Environmental Protection Agency emission factors. To estimate emissions produced by the all-virtual 2020 AOFAS annual meeting (assuming an equal number of attendees as in 2019), we used the framework published by Faber and summed estimated network data transfer emissions, personal computer and monitor emissions, and server-related emissions. Using the 2019 registrant list, we modeled four-hub and seven-hub in-person meeting alternatives to determine potential decreased round-trip air travel greenhouse gas production. Meeting hub locations were selected by visualizing the geographic distribution of the 2019 registrants and selecting reasonable meeting locations that would minimize air travel for the greatest number of attendees. Registrants were assigned to the nearest hub location. Myclimate was again used to estimate CO 2 e production for round-trip air travel for the hub meeting models. RESULTS The total estimated emissions of the all-in-person 2019 AOFAS annual meeting (when accounting for travel, conference space, and hotel stays) was 1565 tons CO 2 e (median 0.61 tons per attendee, range 0.02 to 7.7 tons). The total estimated emissions of the all-virtual 2020 meeting (when accounting for network data transfer emissions, personal computer and monitor emissions, and server-related emissions) was 34 tons CO 2 e (median 0.03 tons per attendee). This corresponds to a 97.8% decrease in CO 2 e emissions compared with the in-person conference. The model of a four-hub in-person meeting alternative with meetings in Chicago, Santiago, London, and Tokyo predicted an estimated 54% decrease in CO 2 e emissions from round-trip air travel. The seven-hub meeting model with meetings in Chicago; Washington, DC; Dallas; Los Angeles; Santiago; London; and Tokyo was predicted to diminish the CO 2 e emissions of round-trip air travel by an estimated 71%. CONCLUSION The 2019 AOFAS annual meeting had an enormous carbon footprint and resulted in many individuals exceeding their annual allotted carbon budget (2.5 tons) according to the Paris Agreement. Hosting the meeting virtually greatly reduced the annual meeting carbon footprint, and our hub-based meeting models identified potential in-person alternatives for reducing the carbon footprint of conference attendance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Professional societies must consider our responsibility to decarbonizing the healthcare sector by considering innovative approaches-perhaps such as our multihub proposals-to decarbonize carbon-intensive annual meetings without stalling academic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Parker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adair Bluman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Pruneski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Soens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy T. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M. Bluman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tavabie O, Clough J, King J, Nicholas V, Kumar A. Challenges of developing a green gastroenterology evidence base and how trainee research networks can fill the gaps. Frontline Gastroenterol 2023:flgastro-2023-102497. [DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2023-102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trainee research networks are a collaborative effort to enable high-quality multicentre audits or research that is more widely accessible to trainees. Such networks lead, design and deliver research at a far higher scale than could be achieved locally and are carried out solely by trainees. There is an increasing focus on delivering research that is not only environmentally sustainable but also focuses on areas that can reduce the carbon footprint of service provision in gastroenterology and hepatology. In this manuscript, we performed a scoping review to understand the current evidence base of the impact of gastroenterology and hepatology services on the environment as well as exploring any association between pollution and climate change with gastrointestinal and liver disease. We further discuss the barriers that researchers face in delivering environmentally sustainable research, the limitation in clinical guidelines related to practicing environmentally sustainable gastroenterology and hepatology and how the trainee research networks are ideally placed to initiate change by developing, disseminating and implementing best practice in ‘green Gastroenterology’.
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Furtner D, Hutas G, Tan BJW, Meier R. Journey from an Enabler to a Strategic Leader: Integration of the Medical Affairs Function in ESG Initiatives and Values. Pharmaceut Med 2023; 37:405-416. [PMID: 37464231 PMCID: PMC10587287 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-023-00485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Like most private enterprises, the pharmaceutical industry has deeply rooted environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters that challenge its long-term sustainability. Overcoming these external challenges requires collaborative and proactive steps as well as procedures guiding the adoption of ESG principles by all internal stakeholders. Environmental challenges such as climate change, and in addition the changes in society, have resulted in the need for governance addressing and coordinating efforts. The core function of medical affairs (MA) is connecting with stakeholders within a company and also between the company and external stakeholders. In this article, we describe the involvement of MA in several aspects of ESG, as a contributor, partner, and implementer. MA has a significant opportunity to emerge as a leading function involved in ESG strategies and their tactical implementation. Although the involvement of MA in the environment pillar of ESG is less, the function can implement changes relating to the conduct of meetings, clinical studies, and the digitalization of medical education via virtual platforms. Due to its patient centricity, MA is tasked to address social determinants of health to improve patients' outcomes. As a linking function within a company and with its external stakeholders, MA can provide proactive input in policy generation and enable effective governance by adherence to standards of accountability, ethics, and compliance, as well as transparency. Championing ESG is a collective responsibility that transcends any single department. It mandates a company-wide commitment. MA represents an essential pivot point in catalyzing the integration of ESG principles within industry, contributing to a healthcare ecosystem that is not merely more sustainable and ethical but also more conducive to patient health and public well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabor Hutas
- Astellas Pharma Australia Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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An N, Huang C, Shen Y, Wang J, Yao J, Yuan PF. Challenges of carbon emission reduction by the workshop education pattern. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13404. [PMID: 36789384 PMCID: PMC9911162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many conferences and educational events to shift from in-person to online, significantly reducing the carbon footprint associated with these activities. Workshops are a common pattern of thematic learning at the university level, usually involving a series of activities, such as gathering, learning, and dining, for participants from different regions. However, unlike a three-day conference, workshops usually last for seven days or more, resulting in a non-negligible carbon footprint. To resolve this challenge, we have developed a model that provides recommendations for minimizing the carbon footprint of workshops. Using data from the DigitalFUTURES International Workshop on architecture education at Tongji University in China, we calculated the carbon footprint of scenarios with varying workshop durations, participation modes, and transportation methods. Our results show that online workshops can reduce the carbon footprint by up to 88% compared to in-person workshops. Hybrid workshops, which combine online and in-person participation, can also lead to significant carbon reductions, with a 46% online participation rate resulting in an 82% reduction in carbon footprint. However, we recommend that in-person participation be maintained to ensure efficient learning and effective communication. Our work provides a sustainable solution for organizing future workshops with a reduced carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiawei Yao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China,Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China,Corresponding authors. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Philip F. Yuan
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China,Corresponding authors. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Clough J, Donnelly L, Leddin D, Hayee B. FGTwitter debate: green gastroenterology - are we nearly there yet? Frontline Gastroenterol 2022; 14:158-161. [PMID: 36818799 PMCID: PMC9933594 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Clough
- Gastroenterology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leigh Donnelly
- Endoscopy, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK
| | - Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Bu'Hussain Hayee
- Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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9
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Leddin D, Omary MB, Metz G, Veitch AM. Climate change: a survey of global gastroenterology society leadership. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327832. [PMID: 35688613 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Geoffrey Metz
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Veitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
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10
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Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Ali RAR, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Sáenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Lee YY. Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Nonrecyclable Waste. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:823-829. [PMID: 34617932 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been described as the greatest public health threat of the 21st century. It has significant implications for digestive health. A multinational team with representation from all continents, excluding Antarctica and covering 18 countries, has formulated a commentary which outlines both the implications for digestive health and ways in which this challenge can be faced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey Metz
- Monash University and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Raja A R Ali
- National University of Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Govind Makharia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roque Sáenz
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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11
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Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Raja Ali RA, Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Sáenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Lee YY. Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Non-Recyclable Waste. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1354-1360. [PMID: 34629165 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Dalhousie University, Canada Chair, WGO Clinical Research Committee
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Rutgers University, United States Past President, American Gastroenterological Association
| | - Andrew Veitch
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals, United Kingdom President Elect, British Society of Gastroenterology
| | - Geoffrey Metz
- Monash University and University of Melbourne, Australia Chair, Climate Change Working Group, WGO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, China
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12
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Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Raja Ali RA, Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Saenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Yeh Lee Y. Uniting the global gastroenterology community to meet the challenge of climate change and non-recyclable waste. Gut 2021; 70:2025-2029. [PMID: 34620696 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Camden, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew Veitch
- Gastroenterology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Finlay Macrae
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris J Mulder
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China
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