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Rizzo D, Zubieta CG, Sacchetti P, Marrucci A, Miele F, Ascolese R, Nugnes F, Bernardo U. Diagnostic Tool for the Identification of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Real-Time PCR. INSECTS 2024; 15:44. [PMID: 38249050 PMCID: PMC10815988 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurate identification of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), commonly known as the Oriental fruit fly, is a significant challenge due to the morphological convergence and taxonomic uncertainties of species belonging to the same genus. This highly polyphagous species poses a significant threat to fruit crops. With its potential establishment in Europe becoming a growing concern, there is an urgent need for rapid and efficient diagnostic methods. The study presented here introduces a diagnostic protocol based on real-time PCR using a TaqMan probe for the early and reproducible identification of B. dorsalis. Specimens representing the genetic diversity of the Italian population were collected and analyzed. Specific primers and probe were designed based on the conserved regions and an in silico analysis confirmed their specificity. The assay conditions were optimized, and analytical sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility were evaluated. The protocol showed high sensitivity and specificity, accurately detecting low DNA concentrations of B. dorsalis. This standardized method provides a reliable tool for routine diagnostics, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of identifying the Oriental fruit fly at all stages of its development, thereby facilitating effective pest management measures. The development of this diagnostic protocol is crucial for monitoring and supporting efforts to prevent the passive spread of B. dorsalis in Europe, particularly in light of the recent active infestations detected in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rizzo
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (C.G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudia Gabriela Zubieta
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (C.G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea Marrucci
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (C.G.Z.); (A.M.)
- Department of Agricultural Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fortuna Miele
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.M.); (R.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Roberta Ascolese
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.M.); (R.A.); (F.N.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.M.); (R.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.M.); (R.A.); (F.N.)
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Rizzo D, Bracalini M, Campigli S, Nencioni A, Porcelli F, Marchi G, Da Lio D, Bartolini L, Rossi E, Sacchetti P, Panzavolta T. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Based on SYBR Green Technology for the Identification of Philaenus italosignus Drosopoulos & Remane (Hemiptera Aphrophoridae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3314. [PMID: 36501353 PMCID: PMC9741283 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular tools to identify insect pests is a critical issue, especially when rapid and reliable tests are required. We proposed a protocol based on qPCR with SYBR Green technology to identify Philaenus italosignus (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae). The species is one of the three spittlebugs able to transmit Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 in Italy, together with Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris. Although less common than the other two species, its identification is key to verifying which role it can play when locally abundant. The proposed assay shows analytical specificity being inclusive with different populations of the target species and exclusive with non-target taxa, either taxonomically related or not. Moreover, it shows analytical sensibility, repeatability, and reproducibility, resulting in an excellent candidate for an official diagnostic method. The molecular test can discriminate P. italosignus from all non-target species, including the congeneric P. spumarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rizzo
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Tuscany Regional Plant Health Service, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bracalini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Campigli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Anita Nencioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Soil Sciences, of Plants and Food (Di.S.S.P.A), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Marchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Da Lio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Linda Bartolini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Tuscany Regional Plant Health Service, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Panzavolta
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
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Rizzo D, Aglietti C, Benigno A, Bracalini M, Da Lio D, Bartolini L, Cappellini G, Aronadio A, Francia C, Luchi N, Santini A, Cacciola SO, Panzavolta T, Moricca S. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and SYBR Green qPCR for Fast and Reliable Detection of Geosmithia morbida (Kolařik) in Infected Walnut. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1239. [PMID: 35567240 PMCID: PMC9105940 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnut species (Juglans spp.) are multipurpose trees, widely employed in plantation forestry for high-quality timber and nut production, as well as in urban greening as ornamental plants. These species are currently threatened by the thousand cankers disease (TCD) complex, an insect-fungus association which involves the ascomycete Geosmithia morbida (GM) and its vector, the bark beetle Pityophthorus juglandis. While TCD has been studied extensively where it originated in North America, little research has been carried out in Europe, where it was more recently introduced. A key step in research to cope with this new phytosanitary emergency is the development of effective molecular detection tools. In this work, we report two accurate molecular methods for the diagnosis of GM, based on LAMP (real-time and visual) and SYBR Green qPCR, which are complimentary to and integrated with similar recently developed assays. Our protocols detected GM DNA from pure mycelium and from infected woody tissue with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, without cross-reactivity to a large panel of taxonomically related species. The precision and robustness of our tests guarantee high diagnostic standards and could be used to support field diagnostic end-users in TCD monitoring and surveillance campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rizzo
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Aglietti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Alessandra Benigno
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Matteo Bracalini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Daniele Da Lio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Linda Bartolini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Giovanni Cappellini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonio Aronadio
- Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, c/o Interporto Toscano “Amerigo Vespucci”, Collesalvetti, 57014 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Cristina Francia
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicola Luchi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Alberto Santini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Panzavolta
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Salvatore Moricca
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
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