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Agbodzavu KM, Nanga Nanga S, Abang AF, Fotso-Kuate A, Bamba Z, Masso C, Fiaboe KKM. Impact of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on maize yield in humid tropical zones of Central Africa. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae102. [PMID: 38768376 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, became the most important maize pest in Africa in 2016, with management based on chemical pesticides. High yield losses across the continent were predicted based on farmers' perceptions, but existing agroecological differences were not considered. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, experiments were conducted to assess fall armyworm damage and yield losses in maize farms with and without treatment. The study included 2 seasons in the Kipopo wetland in 2020 and 2021, one rainy season in Kanyameshi in 2021, 2 rainy seasons in Mulungu in 2020 and 2021, and one season in a wetland on the Bishibiru site in 2020. In addition, the research was also conducted at 4 sites in Cameroon from September to December 2020 and from March to July 2021. High levels of damage incidences were recorded, but the density of larvae per plant was low, with low to moderate levels of damage severities in different seasons and sites. Treatment significantly reduced the number of fall armyworm larvae and their damage severity. However, the high infestation levels did not significantly reduce yield. Cost-benefit ratios were either negative or, in most cases, less than 1. In the best case, the use of pesticides only allowed the recovery of the amount used for the intervention. We discussed the implications of these findings for fall armyworm management in humid tropical agroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komi Mawufe Agbodzavu
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo, C/Gombe, 4163 Avenue, Du Haut Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Samuel Nanga Nanga
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Cameroon, P.O. Box. 2008 (Messa), IRAD Main Road, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Albert Fomumbod Abang
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Cameroon, P.O. Box. 2008 (Messa), IRAD Main Road, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Apollin Fotso-Kuate
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Cameroon, P.O. Box. 2008 (Messa), IRAD Main Road, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Zoumana Bamba
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo, C/Gombe, 4163 Avenue, Du Haut Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Cargele Masso
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Cameroon, P.O. Box. 2008 (Messa), IRAD Main Road, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Komi Kouma Mokpokpo Fiaboe
- Plant Health Department, IITA-Cameroon, P.O. Box. 2008 (Messa), IRAD Main Road, Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Akinbuluma MD, van Schaijk RAH, Roessingh P, Groot AT. Region-Specific Variation in the Electrophysiological Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Synthetic Sex Pheromone Compounds. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01479-w. [PMID: 38421546 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a global pest that feeds on > 350 plant species and causes major yield loses. Variation in the responses of S. frugiperda males to female sex pheromone compounds affects the detection, monitoring and management of the pest. We determined geographic variation in the responses of S. frugiperda males to four different doses of synthetic sex pheromone compounds using a gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD). Furthermore, we disentangled regional populations into C- and R- mitotypes via molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene, and measured their responses to the compounds. When comparing responses of males from Florida, Benin, Nigeria and Kenya, we found some regional differences in the responses of S. frugiperda males to the major compound, Z9-14:OAc and minor component Z9-12:OAc. However, we found no differences in male responses between the different African countries. All males showed significantly higher antennal responses to Z7-12:OAc than to E7-12:OAc. When comparing the mitotypes, we found that Florida R-type males showed higher responses to Z9-14:OAc, Z7-12:OAc and Z9-12:OAc than Benin R-type males, while C-type males from both regions responded equally to Z7-12:OAc. In addition, Florida R-type males showed higher responses to E7-12:OAc than Florida C-type males. Our study thus shows some differential physiological responses of S. frugiperda males towards the known sex pheromone compounds, including E7-12:OAc, but mostly in the different mitotypes. How these differences translate to field trap catches remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobolade D Akinbuluma
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Renée A H van Schaijk
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Roessingh
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Maphumulo N, du Plessis H, Van den Berg J. The Effect of Wood Ash and Soil Applications on the Behavior and Survival of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Maize. INSECTS 2023; 14:813. [PMID: 37887825 PMCID: PMC10607555 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cryptic feeding inside maize whorls makes it difficult to control fall armyworm (FAW). Smallholder farmers use alternative methods of control, of which the efficacy is uncertain. We determined the efficacy of wood ash and soil for the control of FAW and recorded its effect on larval preference and ballooning. Maize plants were artificially infested with larvae of different instars and treatments were either soil, wet ash, or dry ash, applied as single preventative or curative applications. Larvae exhibited non-preference for treated leaves in choice tests. The efficacy of treatments varied largely between experiments. Under laboratory conditions, ash treatments resulted in significant mortality of 1st and 5th instars. Dry and wet ash as curative applications for 1st instars resulted in 67 and 66% mortality, respectively, compared to mortality recorded in the control (22%). Under field conditions, survival of 3rd instars on treated plants was low (21-34%), compared to 70% on untreated plants. Due to the high variability in efficacy, the use of these alternative methods does not guarantee effective control. They do, however, have a place in IPM systems if applied as soon as infestations are observed and when larvae as still small. Recommendations on the use of ash and soil as spot treatments against FAW are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Nurkomar I, Trisnawati DW, Fahmi F, Buchori D. Survival, Development, and Fecundity of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Various Host Plant Species and Their Implication for Pest Management. INSECTS 2023; 14:629. [PMID: 37504635 PMCID: PMC10380376 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is Indonesia's relatively new invasive polyphagous insect pest. So far, S. frugiperda infestation has only been reported in corn and rice in Indonesia. However, S. frugiperda is known to feed on many commercial crops in other countries. To date, information on the biological parameters of S. frugiperda is limited in Indonesian ecologies. Since host plants are a critical factor for insect life history and have the potential to be used for pest control strategies, it is essential to study the biology and survival of S. frugiperda on different host plants. This research aimed to investigate the survival, development time, and fecundity of S. frugiperda on other host plant species to predict possible infestation rates for use in pest management. The study was conducted by rearing S. frugiperda on 14 common cultivated host plant species in Indonesia. The survival rate, development time, fecundity, and potential attack rate of S. frugiperda on various tested host plants were analyzed in this study. The findings revealed that corn was the primary host for S. frugiperda. The ability of S. frugiperda to survive on papaya, water spinach, banana, spinach, cucumber, and coco grass indicates that these plants are potential alternate hosts for S. frugiperda. Long beans, bok choy, choy sum, and beans might be indicated as a shelter for S. frugiperda. Meanwhile, inappropriate hosts for S. frugiperda include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower due to their low survival rate on these plants. This research indicates that these plants have the potential to be used as a hedge, trap, or bunker plant in S. frugiperda management strategies. However, to prevent detrimental damage, control methods are needed in an integrated manner, including monitoring pest populations, habitat manipulation, and conservation of natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Nurkomar
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16683, Indonesia
| | - Dina Wahyu Trisnawati
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia
| | - Fajrin Fahmi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16683, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16683, Indonesia
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16153, Indonesia
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Van den Berg J, Brewer MJ, Reisig DD. A Special Collection: Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm): Ecology and Management of its World-Scale Invasion Outside of the Americas. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1725-1728. [PMID: 36515103 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Special Collection 'Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm): Ecology and Management of its World-scale Invasion Outside of the Americas' presents reviews and research that address topics of overarching interest and contributes to a better understanding of this pest and its management, now that it has spread outside the Americas. The collection is a combination of invited articles presenting new information published for the first time, invited review papers, and a selection of relevant high-quality articles previously published in Journal of Economic Entomology (JEE). Articles in the Collection, as well as selected citations of articles in other publications, reflect the increase in research on S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which became the most important pest of maize in the world during recent years. This Special Collection addresses a wide range of topics, including pest behavior, host strains, insecticide and Bt protein resistance, biological control, host plant resistance, and yield loss estimates. Topics are presented in context of research primarily conducted in regions outside of the Americas where S. frugiperda has invaded and disrupted crop production to varying degrees. In recognition of further spread, the threat of a S. frugiperda invasion into Europe and potential management options are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie Van den Berg
- IPM Program, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Michael J Brewer
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Entomology, Corpus Christi, TX 78406, USA
| | - Dominic D Reisig
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center, 207 Research Station Road, Plymouth, NC 27962, USA
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