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Zhang J, Liang Q, Xia Y, Kong D, Wang C, Mo S, He Y, Wang D. Behavioral Response of the Tropical Bed Bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to Carbon Dioxide. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2198-2203. [PMID: 34410423 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs (Cimex spp.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are obligatory blood-sucking insects. Research on their behavioral response to host-derived olfactory cues will be helpful for designing more effective management tools. However, previous studies mainly focused on Cimex lectularius L., while the related studies on Cimex hemipterus (F.) have been rarely reported. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral responses of C. hemipterus to one of the crucial host-derived cues - carbon dioxide (CO2), at various concentrations. Pitfall traps baited with CO2 captured significantly more C. hemipterus (72%) than unbaited ones (28%). In the Y-tube test, bed bugs' exploratory activity (response rate) gradually decreased (from 70 to 27%) as the CO2 concentration increased (from 0.9 to 14.5%); and bed bugs exhibited a significant attraction to CO2 when the tested CO2 concentrations were between 0.9 and 7.3%. Cimex hemipterus were no longer attracted to CO2 after their antennae or mouthparts or both antennae and mouthparts were removed. In conclusion, C. hemipterus are attracted to CO2, and both antennae and mouthparts are important for CO2 perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiling Liang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Xia
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delong Kong
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shujie Mo
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong He
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desen Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Moran NP, Sánchez‐Tójar A, Schielzeth H, Reinhold K. Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:269-288. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Moran
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
- Centre for Ocean Life DTU‐Aqua Technical University of Denmark Building 201, Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | | | - Holger Schielzeth
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Straße 159 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhold
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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Rosendale AJ, Dunlevy ME, McCue MD, Benoit JB. Progressive behavioural, physiological and transcriptomic shifts over the course of prolonged starvation in ticks. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:49-65. [PMID: 30449039 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are obligatorily hematophagous but spend the majority of their lives off host in an unfed state where they must resist starvation between bouts of blood feeding. Survival during these extended off-host periods is critical to the success of these arthropods as vectors of disease; however, little is known about the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of starvation tolerance in ticks. We examined the bioenergetic, transcriptomic and behavioural changes of female American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, throughout starvation (up to nine months post-bloodmeal). As starvation progressed, ticks utilized glycogen and lipid, and later protein as energy reserves with proteolysis and autophagy facilitating the mobilization of endogenous nutrients. The metabolic rate of the ticks was expectedly low, but showed a slight increase as starvation progressed possibly reflecting the upregulation of several energetically costly processes such as transcription/translation and/or increases in host-seeking behaviours. Starved ticks had higher activity levels, increased questing behaviour and augmented expression of genes related to chemosensing, immunity and salivary gland proteins. The shifts in gene expression and associated behavioural and physiological processes are critical to allowing these parasites to exploit their ecological niche as extreme sit-and-wait parasites. The overall responses of ticks to starvation were similar to other blood-feeding arthropods, but we identified unique responses that could have epidemiological and ecological significance for ticks as ectoparasites that must be tolerant of sporadic feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megan E Dunlevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Agnew JL, Romero A. Behavioral Responses of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, to Insecticide Dusts. INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8030083. [PMID: 28786920 PMCID: PMC5620703 DOI: 10.3390/insects8030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs have reemerged recently as a serious and growing problem not only in North America but in many parts of the world. These insects have become the most challenging pest to control in urban environments. Residual insecticides are the most common methods used for bed bug control; however, insecticide resistance limits the efficacy of treatments. Desiccant dusts have emerged as a good option to provide a better residual effect for bed bug control. Several studies have focused on determining the efficacy of dust-based insecticides against bed bugs. However, behavioral responses of bed bugs to insecticide dusts could influence their efficacy. The behavioral responses of bed bugs to six insecticide dusts commonly used in the United States were evaluated with an advanced video tracking technique (Ethovision). Bed bugs took longer to make first contact with areas treated with the diatomaceous earth (DE)-based products MotherEarth D and Alpine than pyrethroid, pyrethrins or silica gel based products, DeltaDust, Tempo 1% Dust and CimeXa, respectively. Lower visitation rates of bed bugs were recorded for areas treated with MotherEarth D, Alpine and CimeXa than that of DeltaDust, Tempo 1% Dust, and Tri-Die Silica + Pyrethrum Dust. Bed bugs spent less time in areas treated with Tri-Die Dust, CimeXa, Alpine, and MotherEarth D than DeltaDust and Tempo 1% Dust, and they exhibited a reduction in locomotor parameters when crawling on areas treated with CimeXa and Alpine. The implications of these responses to bed bug control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Agnew
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Alvaro Romero
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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