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Tian F, Qiao C, Wang C, Pang T, Guo L, Li J, Pang R, Liu H, Xie H. Comparison of the effectiveness of thiamethoxam and its main metabolite clothianidin after foliar spraying and root irrigation to control Myzus persicae on peach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16883. [PMID: 36207356 PMCID: PMC9546927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is one of the most economically important pests in peach-growing areas around the world. In many countries, the application of insecticides is the main method to control and reduce the population of M. persicae. In this study, we investigated the effects and persistence of thiamethoxam against M. persicae by foliar spraying and root irrigation. The residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in peach were determined to assess food safety. The results showed that thiamethoxam treatment significantly reduced the population of M. persicae through foliar spraying and root irrigation. And the persistence of root irrigation on M. persicae was significantly longer than that of spraying. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were absorbed by the roots, transported to other parts of the plant, and concentrated in the leaves, especially new leaves. The final residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in peaches were below the maximum residue limit (MRLs). These results suggested that thiamethoxam is more effective in M. persicae control through root irrigation than foliar spraying. The persistence of root irrigation on M. persicae was significantly longer than that of spraying. These results shed some light upon the control of M. persicae by root irrigation of thiamethoxam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Tian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Rongli Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Hanzhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Hu W, Kuang F, Chun J, Lu Z, Li X, Zhao Q, Zhong B, Su H, Zhang Z, Zhang N. Uptake of soil-applied thiamethoxam in orange and its effect against Asian citrus psyllid in different seasons. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1339-1345. [PMID: 30367747 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is an important pest of citrus worldwide because it transmits the bacteria causing huanglongbing (HLB). We investigated the effects and persistence of two soil application rates of thiamethoxam on ACP populations in two flushing seasons in the field. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues in the fruit were detected to evaluate food safety. RESULTS Soil application of 50% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules at concentrations of 4 and 10 g tree-1 significantly decreased ACP populations, and there was a positive correlation between control efficacy and the persistence of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in leaves, providing longer-term protection for up to 90 days in the fall compared with 60 days in the spring. Higher thiamethoxam and clothianidin amounts were observed in new leaves than in old leaves. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues at a high rate in fruit were 0.012 and 0.010 mg kg-1 at harvest, respectively, and neither insecticides was detectable at low rates. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soil-applied thiamethoxam plays a role in defending ACP, and provides an extended period of control efficacy. This knowledge could provide a reference for the control of ACP by soil application of thiamethoxam to reduce HLB spread. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fan Kuang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiong Chun
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xingtao Li
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- CAAS, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huanan Su
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Langdon KW, Ebert TA, Rogers ME. Evaluating the Effect of Imidacloprid Administered in Artificial Diet on Feeding Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Using Electropenetrography. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:644-652. [PMID: 30602019 PMCID: PMC6427034 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the presumed cause of Huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus. Management strategies were developed in Florida that used soil-applied neonicotinoids to protect young trees. Despite the implementation of intense management programs, infection spread among the most intensively managed groves. We used electopenetrography to test five imidacloprid doses (0.55, 5.5, 55, 550, and 5,500 ppm) administered in artificial diet to approximate the dosage required to reduce feeding activity and prevent salivation/ingestion activity. We failed to detect a significant effect of 0.55 ppm imidacloprid on probing behavior, pathway, or salivation/ingestion activity when compared with the untreated control. We observed a significant reduction in the number of probes and the number of pathway with both 5.5 and 55 ppm imidacloprid. We detected a significant reduction in the number of salivation/ingestion events at both 5.5 ppm and 55 ppm imidacloprid (57 and 54 percent, respectively) compared with the untreated control, and a reduction in number of sustained (>600 s) salivation/ingestion at 55 ppm. While reductions in feeding activity were apparent at dosages of at least 5.5 ppm, we were unable to prevent salivation/ingestion with dosages as high as 5,500 ppm, which is greater than what is known to occur following application in the field. While soil-applied imidacloprid may slow the spread of CLas, our findings suggest that prevention of CLas inoculation in the field is unlikely. Management strategies must be refined to prevent the spread of HLB in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T A Ebert
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
| | - M E Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
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Langdon KW, Schumann R, Stelinski LL, Rogers ME. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil-Applied Neonicotinoids in Citrus Tree Foliage. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1788-1798. [PMID: 29688422 PMCID: PMC6075369 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the presumed cause of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus (Rutaceae). Soil-applied neonicotinoids are used to manage vector populations and thus reduce the spread of HLB in Florida citrus. Studies were conducted in the greenhouse and field to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of three neonicotinoid insecticides within individually sampled leaves and throughout the tree canopy. Following field application, no difference in parent material titer was observed between leaf middles versus leaf margins following application of Platinum 75SG or Belay 2.13SC; however, imidacloprid titer was higher in leaf margins than leaf middle following application of Admire Pro. The bottom region of trees contained more imidacloprid than other regions, but was not different from the spherical center region. In the greenhouse, imidacloprid and clothianidin titers peaked 5 wk following application of Admire and Belay, respectively, and thiamethoxam titer peaked 3 wk after application of Platinum. There was no effect of leaf age on uptakes of any insecticides tested. Titers of soil-applied neonicotinoids quantified in the field failed to reach known levels required to kill D. citri. Exposure of D. citri to sublethal dosages of neonicotinoids is of concern for HLB management because of possible failure to protect treated plants from D. citri and selection pressure for development of neonicotinoid resistance. Our results suggest that current soil-based use patterns of neonicotinoids for D. citri management may be suboptimal and require reevaluation to maintain the utility of this chemical class in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Langdon
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Rhonda Schumann
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Michael E Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
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