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Margaret K, Collins MK, Subramanian S, Egonyu JP, Nakimbugwe D, Ssepuuya G, Faith N, Ekesi S, Tanga CM. Innovative feedstocks for optimal mass production of the edible long-horned grasshopper, Ruspolia differens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1015636. [PMID: 36439255 PMCID: PMC9681824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1015636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae) is a highly nutritious food source consumed in over 20 African countries. Its occurrence is highly seasonal, and wild harvesting is carried out using locally designed and inefficient light traps, thus limiting sustainable utilization as an important food source. To ensure year-round production and availability of R. differens, we evaluated the effects of low-cost and affordable diets based on agricultural by-products on their growth performance, survival, fecundity, and longevity. A total of four diets with varying ratios of agricultural by-products were evaluated: Diet 1 [33.3% maize bran (MB) + 33.3% wheat bran (WB) + 33.3% Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP)], Diet 2 [25% MB + 25% WB + 25% MOLP + 25% shrimp powder (SP)], Diet 3 [20% MB + 20% WB + 20% MOLP + 20% SP + 20% soya bean meal], and Diet 4 (“control”—routinely used diet). The grasshoppers were subjected to the diets from the 1st nymphal instar (24-h-old stages) through adult stages until death. Diet 3 had the highest crude protein content (28%) and digestibility (74.7%). R. differens fed Diet 3 had the shortest development time (57 days) [p < 0.001], highest survival (87%) [p < 0.001], and maximum longevity (89 days) [p = 0.015] and fecundity (247 eggs/female) [p = 0.549] across the various diets. Female survival rate (59%) on Diet 3 was significantly higher compared to the males (41%). The adult female weight gain was significantly higher compared to males fed on different diets. Percentage hatchability of eggs was not significantly different when females were fed Diet 3 and Diet 2. There was a significantly positive correlation between longevity and fecundity of R. differens reared on Diet 2 and 3. These diets could be further optimized and fine-tuned for improved cost-effective mass production of R. differens continent-wide to reduce dependence on erratic and poor seasonal harvest during swarms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kababu Margaret
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Kababu Margaret, ; Chrysantus M. Tanga,
| | - Mweresa K. Collins
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James P. Egonyu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Ssepuuya
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nyamu Faith
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Kababu Margaret, ; Chrysantus M. Tanga,
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Spendal RC, O'Neill KM, Delphia CM. Nesting Biology and Offspring Development of the Cavity-Nesting Solitary Wasp Isodontia elegans (F. Smith) from Trap-Nests in Oregon. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.3398/064.081.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M. O'Neill
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Casey M. Delphia
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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Rutaro K, Malinga GM, Lehtovaara VJ, Opoke R, Nyeko P, Roininen H, Valtonen A. Fatty acid content and composition in edible Ruspolia differens feeding on mixtures of natural food plants. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:687. [PMID: 30285897 PMCID: PMC6167896 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop successful mass-rearing programs of edible insects, knowledge of the feeds and their influence on nutritional content is critical. We assessed the influence of natural food plants (grass inflorescences) and their mixtures on fatty acid profiles of edible Ruspolia differens. We reared neonate nymphs to adult on six dietary treatments consisting of one, and mixtures of two, three, five, six and eight plants. Results The contents of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and adult body weight did not differ among dietary treatments. However, the composition of fatty acids differed significantly among insects fed on six dietary treatments, but only for the rare fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that even if natural diets (grass inflorescences) do not strongly modify fatty acid contents or compositions of R. differens, when reared from neonate nymphs to adults, their n − 6/n − 3 fatty acid ratio is generally low and thus good for a healthy human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlmax Rutaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Geoffrey M Malinga
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.,Department of Biology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Vilma J Lehtovaara
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Robert Opoke
- Department of Biology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Philip Nyeko
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Heikki Roininen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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