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Lindfors NC, Svendsen LB, Glent JCF, Glambek I, Haraldsdóttir KH, Andersen PV, Almquist M. Scandinavian Surgical Society: The Oldest International Surgical Society in the World. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e222. [PMID: 37600286 PMCID: PMC10406089 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scandinavian Surgical Society (SSS), Nordisk Kirurgisk Förening, founded in 1893, is the oldest international surgical society in the world. The purpose of the society is to promote scientific and clinical work as well as education in the field of surgery in the Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Nordic co-operation has long traditions in the medical field. The surgical development through the surgical communities and the long-term co-operation between the Nordic surgeons have affected the patient care and development of surgery throughout the Nordic region. An overview and a historical glance of the surgical communities in the Nordic countries from the 18th century are described as well as activities in the SSS from the beginning of 1893 to these days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C. Lindfors
- From the Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Bo Svendsen
- Department Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristin H. Haraldsdóttir
- Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Per V. Andersen
- From the Department of Hand Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of HPB-surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Haraldspass Diakonale Sykehus, Bergen, Norway
- Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Almquist
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Makris EM, Makhoul KG, Lee TB, Desai MS. Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818-1890): A Champion for Anesthesia and Catalyst for the Advancement of Surgery. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e118. [PMID: 37600111 PMCID: PMC10431324 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the advent of anesthesia, surgery was limited in scope due to the excruciating pain experienced by patients. This raised challenges for surgeons who were distressed by the inadvertent suffering caused by surgery. The first successful use of ether anesthesia by William Thomas Green Morton (1819-1868) in 1846 at Massachusetts General Hospital was a turning point for the profession. The innovation and proliferation of operations catalyzed by the introduction of anesthesia altered the landscape of surgical practice. Initially, the introduction of ether into the field was met with hesitation and resistance by several parties in the medical field. It took the efforts of prominent surgeons to ensure that ether achieved its full potential. The greatest supporter of ether during this epoch was the young surgeon Henry Jacob Bigelow (1818-1890), who spent 30 years of his career advocating for and experimenting with anesthesia. The efforts of Bigelow, a gifted surgeon renowned for his contributions to orthopedic surgery, were instrumental in the promotion of anesthesia and the advancement of the surgical profession. In this article, we discuss the life, career, and contributions of Bigelow, particularly in the context of the introduction of modern anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin G. Makhoul
- From the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Terence B. Lee
- From the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Manisha S. Desai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Arnold-Forster A. The Social and Emotional World of Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Surgery: The James IV Association of Surgeons. BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 2022; 96:71-101. [PMID: 35370145 PMCID: PMC8985844 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Founded in 1957 by a group of elite British and American surgeons, the James IV Association of Surgeons is an international organization that "promotes communication among surgeons across the globe." Every year since 1961, the association has funded trips for several "surgical travellers" to encourage "exchange and camaraderie between surgical communities." This article uses the association's archive to explore the social lives, professional identities, and affective experiences of the men and women who populated the "surgical world" of Britain and North America in the mid-twentieth century. Integrating the social history of medicine with emotions history, I argue that the social lives of surgeons were crucial to the development and maintenance of their professional identities and communities by assisting in the definition of what it meant to be a surgeon. This definition was structured not just by surgical skill but by the forms of sociability available to potential participants.
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Rosser JB, Nitsche L, Yee G, Alam H. The evolution of surgical virtual education and telementoring: One surgeon's journey. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:162-173. [PMID: 34245579 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The first era of the global proliferation of surgical advancements involved surgical infection rate and technique breakthroughs by Lister, Halsted, and others. This was propagated by letters, academic papers, and international visits. While success was achieved, it was at a suboptimal pace. In the current era of minimally invasive surgical approaches, these methods are inadequate. This paper chronicles the development and application of virtual learning and telementoring as force multipliers to speed procedural adoption and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Butch Rosser
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Jacobs, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lindsay Nitsche
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Jacobs, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle Yee
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo Jacobs, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Harris Alam
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Barr J, Gulrajani NB, Hurst A, Pappas TN. Bottoms Up: A History of Rectal Nutrition From 1870 to 1920. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2021; 2:e039. [PMID: 37638245 PMCID: PMC10455437 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From the 1870s through the early 20th century, physicians frequently relied upon nutritive enemata to succor patients suffering from bowel obstructions and other disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Far from extraordinary or outlandish, this therapy was used on paupers and presidents alike, including on Garfield and McKinley after their assassination attempts. The medical milieu of the late 19th century provided particularly promising circumstances for its practice, with the rise of allopathic medicine generally-and surgery especially-coinciding with flourishing research on the physiology of nutrition. Although ongoing discussions debated the merits of different methods and various ingredients, few in the United States or Europe doubted the efficacy of rectal alimentation. However, in the early 20th century, new studies utilizing biochemistry demonstrated the inability of such instillations to provide significant calories or protein, and the intervention fell from favor. Proctoclysis-or rectal hydration-remained standard of care for the next 20 years, strongly supported by John B. Murphy and other surgeons. Ultimately, intravenous hydration and, much later, total parenteral nutrition replaced the rectal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Barr
- From the Department of Surgery, Duke University, DUMC 3443, Durham, NC
| | | | - Alison Hurst
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Hansson N, Moll F, Halling T, Uvelius B. Scientific language trends among Swedish urologists and surgeons 1900-1955. World J Urol 2018; 37:975-982. [PMID: 30132066 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Before English took the lead as the prime scientific language among northern European urologists and surgeons, German was widely regarded as the "lingua franca". This shift has to date not been systematically reconstructed. This article provides insights into the question how political and social factors influence how physicians communicate with each other, what they read, and how the constellations of international scientific communities in medicine change over time. METHODS Through a language analysis of more than 2000 articles, including their references, in major Swedish medical journals as well as surgical doctoral dissertations defended at Swedish universities, this paper explores scientific language trends during the first half of the twentieth century among Swedish physicians for the first time on a large scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The study shows that Swedish urologists and surgeons generally did not switch to English during the years immediately after the First World War, as has been documented in other countries. After a decrease during the first 10 years after the First World War, the German language dominated among Swedish urologists and surgeons from the 1930s until the early 1940s, when English first dominated at large. The rapidity of this process shows that almost all surgical researchers had changed from German to English within just a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hansson
- Department for the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Moll
- Department for the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Halling
- Department for the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- The Clinical Department of Urology, Skane University Hospital Malmö-Lund, Lund, Sweden
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Jones DS, Sivaramakrishnan K. Making heart-lung machines work in India: Imports, indigenous innovation and the challenge of replicating cardiac surgery in Bombay, 1952-1962. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2018; 48:507-539. [PMID: 30132745 DOI: 10.1177/0306312718794034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In 1962, surgeons at two hospitals in Bombay used heart-lung machines to perform open-heart surgery. The devices that made this work possible had been developed in Minneapolis in 1955 and commercialized by 1957. However, restrictions on currency exchange and foreign imports made it difficult for surgeons in India to acquire this new technology. The two surgeons, Kersi Dastur and PK Sen, pursued different strategies to acquire the ideas, equipment, and tacit knowledge needed to make open-heart surgery work. While Dastur tapped Parsi networks that linked him to local manufacturing expertise, Sen took advantage of opportunities offered by the Rockefeller Foundation to access international training and medical device companies. Each experienced steep learning curves as they pursued the know-how needed to use the machines successfully in dogs and then patients. The establishment of open-heart surgery in India required the investment of substantial labor and resources. Specific local, national, and transnational interests motivated the efforts. Heart-lung machines, for instance, took on new meanings amid the nationalist politics of independent India: Even as surgeons sought imported machines, they and their allies assigned considerable value to 'indigenous' innovation. The confluence of the many interests that made Sen and Dastur's work possible facilitated the uneasy co-existence of conflicting judgments about the success or failure of this medical innovation.
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["Why visit a medical congress?" : Knowledge transfer between Germany and Sweden using the example of the 1929 DGU meeting in Munich]. Urologe A 2018; 57:198-206. [PMID: 29387907 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-018-0578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on contemporary publications in German and Swedish/Scandinavian journals and biographies as well as conference proceedings of the German Society of Urology (DGU), this paper examines the Swedish impressions of the 1929 DGU meeting in Munich. It focusses on why the Swedish delegates visited the congress and how they evaluated their congress experiences for their Scandinavian peers. Finally, the article shows to what extent a knowledge transfer from the DGU Congress to Sweden took place.
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