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Rocha EM, Katak RDM, Campos de Oliveira J, Araujo MDS, Carlos BC, Galizi R, Tripet F, Marinotti O, Souza-Neto JA. Vector-Focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E161. [PMID: 33092228 PMCID: PMC7709627 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been made towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to control or eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put into research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the optimization of conventional and development of innovative vector-control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elerson Matos Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Ricardo de Melo Katak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Juan Campos de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ RONDONIA, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil;
| | - Bianca Cechetto Carlos
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil;
- Central Multiuser Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Roberto Galizi
- Centre of Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5GB, UK; (R.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre of Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5GB, UK; (R.G.); (F.T.)
| | | | - Jayme A. Souza-Neto
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil;
- Central Multiuser Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
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