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Mohany KM, El-Asheer OM, Raheem YFA, sayed AAE, El-Baz MAEHH. Neonatal heavy metals levels are associated with the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:635. [PMID: 36333705 PMCID: PMC9635146 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This case–control study aimed to compare lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) levels in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) with those levels in normal neonates and tested their associations with the severity of NRDS indicated by the levels of serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) and cord blood cardiac troponin I (CTnI), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods The study included two groups: G1 (60 healthy neonates) and G2 (100 cases with NRDS). Cord blood Pb, erythrocytic Cd (E-Cd), neonatal scalp hair As (N-As), maternal urinary Cd (U-Cd), and arsenic (U-As) were measured by a Thermo Scientific iCAP 6200, while CTnI, hs-CRP, and SP-D by their corresponding ELISA kits. Results The levels of cord blood Pb, E-Cd, N-As, U-Cd, U-As, SP-D, CTnI, and hs-CRP were significantly higher in G2 than G1 (p = 0.019, 0.040, 0.003, 0.010, 0.011, < 0.001, 0.004, < 0.001, respectively). While the birth weight, and APGAR score at 1, 5 and 10 min were significantly lower in G2 than G1 (p = 0.002, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). The levels of the studied heavy metals correlated positively with the levels of SP-D, CTnI, and hs-CRP. Conclusion Heavy metals toxicity may be accused to be one of the causes of NRDS especially if other apparent causes are not there. Measuring and follow-up of heavy metal levels should be considered during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Mohany
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt ,grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EL Gammaa Street, Assiut city, 00201146007069 Egypt
| | - Osama Mahmoud El-Asheer
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yaser F. Abdel Raheem
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Elrasoul sayed
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XClinical Pharmacist at Assiut University Children Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Abd El-Hamid Hassan El-Baz
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Skalny AV, Lima TRR, Ke T, Zhou JC, Bornhorst J, Alekseenko SI, Aaseth J, Anesti O, Sarigiannis DA, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111809. [PMID: 33069759 PMCID: PMC7563920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple medical, lifestyle, and environmental conditions, including smoking and particulate pollution, have been considered as risk factors for COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity. Taking into account the high level of toxic metals in both particulate matter (PM2.5) and tobacco smoke, the objective of this review is to discuss recent data on the role of heavy metal exposure in development of respiratory dysfunction, immunotoxicity, and severity of viral diseases in epidemiological and experimental studies, as to demonstrate the potential crossroads between heavy metal exposure and COVID-19 severity risk. The existing data demonstrate that As, Cd, Hg, and Pb exposure is associated with respiratory dysfunction and respiratory diseases (COPD, bronchitis). These observations corroborate laboratory findings on the role of heavy metal exposure in impaired mucociliary clearance, reduced barrier function, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The association between heavy metal exposure and severity of viral diseases, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus has been also demonstrated. The latter may be considered a consequence of adverse effects of metal exposure on adaptive immunity. Therefore, reduction of toxic metal exposure may be considered as a potential tool for reducing susceptibility and severity of viral diseases affecting the respiratory system, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Thania Rios Rossi Lima
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Svetlana I Alekseenko
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; K.A. Rauhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Ourania Anesti
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece; University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Abu-Khudir R, Habieb ME, Mohamed MA, Hawas AM, Mohamed TM. Anti-apoptotic role of spermine against lead and/or gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24272-24283. [PMID: 28889190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to either lead (Pb) or γ-irradiation (IR) results in oxidative stress in biological systems. Herein, we explored the potential anti-apoptotic effect of spermine (Spm) against lead and/or γ-irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Rats were divided into eight experimental groups of ten rats each: groups including negative control, whole body γ-irradiated (6 Gray (Gy)), lead acetate (PbAct) trihydrate orally administered (75 mg/kg bw ≡ 40 mg/kg bw Pb for 14 consecutive days), and Spm intraperitoneally dosed (10 mg/kg bw for 14 consecutive days) rats and groups subjected to combinations of Pb + IR, Spm + IR, Spm + Pb, and Spm + Pb followed by IR on day 14 (Spm + Pb + IR). A significant decrease in arginase activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and p21 was observed in rats intoxicated with Pb and/or γ-irradiation compared to controls, whereas Bax mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased. Also, an increased level of nitric oxide (NO) with a reduced arginase activity was observed in liver tissues of intoxicated rats. Spm co-treatment with lead and/or γ-irradiation attenuated the increase in Bax mRNA and protein expression, while it restored those of Bcl-2 and p21 together with NO levels and arginase activity to control values. Altogether, we suggest that Spm may be useful in combating free radical-induced apoptosis in Pb-intoxicated and/or γ-irradiated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asrar M Hawas
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt
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Covre EP, Freire DD, Dalfior BM, Marques VB, Ribeiro RF, Carneiro Lima MTWD, Dos Santos L. Low-level lead exposure changes endothelial modulation in rat resistance pulmonary arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 85:21-28. [PMID: 27389002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects on the pulmonary vasculature have not been explored. In this study, rats exposed to lead acetate for seven days (4μg/100g on the 1st day and 0.05μg/100g/day i.m. subsequently) had lead blood level of 3.9±0.7μg/dL and increased right ventricular pressures. There was an increased Pb deposition and superoxide anions production in the pulmonary arteries, associated with reduced vasoconstriction but unchanged endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to acetylcholine (ACh). In both groups, inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase with L-NAME blocked the response to ACh, while indomethacin (cycloxygenase inhibitor) had no effect. Incubation with nonspecific potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium) reduced the ACh-induced vasodilatation only in the Pb group. Apamin (SKCa channel blocker) and 4-aminopyridine (Kv channel blocker), but not iberiotoxin (BKCa channel blocker), also inhibited this response in the Pb group. The vasodilatation to exogenous NO was reduced by Pb, while relaxation to the cGMP analogue was similar between groups. Concordantly, the protein level of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) was reduced. In conclusion, short-term and low-level exposure to Pb changes pulmonary haemodynamic and increases oxidative stress. The pulmonary vasculature exhibited increased hyperpolarization by the Kv and SKCa channels, probably as a compensatory mechanism to the decreased responsiveness to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Polaco Covre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - David Domingues Freire
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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Kaczyńska K, Walski M, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Long-term ultrastructural indices of lead intoxication in pulmonary tissue of the rat. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1410-1415. [PMID: 23985218 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present research long-term pulmonary toxicity of lead was investigated in rats treated by intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate for three consecutive days (25 mg/kg per day). Five weeks after treatment average lead content in the whole blood was 0.41 μg/dL ± 0.05, in the lung homogenates it measured 3.35 μg/g ± 0.54, as compared to the control values of 0.13 ± 0.07 μg/dL and 1.03 μg/g ± 0.59, respectively. X-ray microanalysis of lung specimens displayed lead localized mainly within type II pneumocytes and macrophages. At the ultrastructural level the effects of lead toxicity were found in lung capillaries, interstitium, epithelial cells, and alveolar lining. Alveolar septa showed intense fibrosis, consisting of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts. Thinned alveolar septa had emphysematous tissue with some revealing signs of angiogenesis. Type II pneumocytes contained lamellar bodies with features of laminar destruction. Fragments of the surfactant layer were often detached from the alveolar epithelium. These findings indicate that 5 weeks after exposure, lead provokes reconstruction of the alveolar septa including fibrosis and emphysematous changes in the lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Laboratory of Respiratory Reflexes, Polish Academy of Sciences Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 02-106 Warsaw, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Poland
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Jia Q, Ha X, Yang Z, Hui L, Yang X. Oxidative stress: a possible mechanism for lead-induced apoptosis and nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:705-10. [PMID: 22894711 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.718811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead-induced nephrotoxicity is a human health hazard problem. In this study, Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with different concentration of lead acetate (5, 10, 20 μmol/l) in order to investigate the oxidative stress and apoptotic changes. It was revealed that lead acetate could induce a progressive loss in HMCs viability together with a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic morphological changes induced by lead exposure in HMCs were demonstrated by PI-Hochest33342 staining. A DNA laddering pattern in lead-treated cells was shown, which could indicate nuclear fragmentation. In addition, lead acetate significantly increased the levels of malondialehyde (MDA) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Therefore, it might be concluded that lead could promote HMCs' oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be the chief mechanisms of lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Jia
- Experimental Center of Medicine, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military, People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drug of Gansu Province, 333 Southern Binhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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