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Zhou J, Wei N, Zhang D, Wang Y, Li J, Zheng X, Wang J, Alsalloum AY, Liu L, Bakr OM, Han Y. Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam Enables Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Local Structures in Highly Sensitive Bulk Crystals and Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3182-3191. [PMID: 35157426 PMCID: PMC8874919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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With the development
of ultralow-dose (scanning) transmission electron
microscopy ((S)TEM) techniques, atomic-resolution imaging of highly
sensitive nanomaterials has recently become possible. However, applying
these techniques to the study of sensitive bulk materials remains
challenging due to the lack of suitable specimen preparation methods.
We report that cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) can provide a
solution to this challenge. We successfully extracted thin specimens
from metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals and a hybrid halide
perovskite single-crystal film solar cell using cryo-FIB without
damaging the inherent structures. The high quality of the specimens
enabled the subsequent (S)TEM and electron diffraction studies to
reveal complex unknown local structures at an atomic resolution. The
obtained structural information allowed us to resolve planar defects
in MOF HKUST-1, three-dimensionally reconstruct a concomitant phase
in MOF UiO-66, and discover a new CH3NH3PbI3 structure and locate its distribution in a single-crystal
film perovskite solar cell. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates
that cryo-FIB has a unique ability to handle highly sensitive materials,
which can substantially expand the range of applications for electron
microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Zhou
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Nini Wei
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Daliang Zhang
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Abdullah Y Alsalloum
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingmei Liu
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Yamamoto K, Anada S, Sato T, Yoshimoto N, Hirayama T. Phase-shifting electron holography for accurate measurement of potential distributions in organic and inorganic semiconductors. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:24-38. [PMID: 33044557 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-shifting electron holography (PS-EH) is an interference transmission electron microscopy technique that accurately visualizes potential distributions in functional materials, such as semiconductors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the features of the PS-EH that overcome some of the issues facing the conventional EH based on Fourier transformation. Then, we present a high-precision PS-EH technique with multiple electron biprisms and a sample preparation technique using a cryo-focused-ion-beam, which are important techniques for the accurate phase measurement of semiconductors. We present several applications of PS-EH to demonstrate the potential in organic and inorganic semiconductors and then discuss the differences by comparing them with previous reports on the conventional EH. We show that in situ biasing PS-EH was able to observe not only electric potential distribution but also electric field and charge density at a GaAs p-n junction and clarify how local band structures, depletion layer widths and space charges changed depending on the biasing conditions. Moreover, the PS-EH clearly visualized the local potential distributions of two-dimensional electron gas layers formed at AlGaN/GaN interfaces with different Al compositions. We also report the results of our PS-EH application for organic electroluminescence multilayers and point out the significant potential changes in the layers. The proposed PS-EH enables more precise phase measurement compared to the conventional EH, and our findings introduced in this paper will contribute to the future research and development of high-performance semiconductor materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamamoto
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anada
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Nano-Technology Solution Business Group, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 1040, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-0033, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirayama
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan
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