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Isoflavones and PPAR Signaling: A Critical Target in Cardiovascular, Metastatic, and Metabolic Disease. PPAR Res 2011; 2010:153252. [PMID: 21461045 PMCID: PMC3061262 DOI: 10.1155/2010/153252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavone intake through foods and dietary supplements has both health advocates and critics. The latter come from a concern about the estrogenic effects of isoflavones in certain species. However, careful removal of isoflavones and other estrogens from the diet of rodents leads to the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that isoflavones have other mechanisms of action, potentially those involving regulation of fatty acid metabolism via the nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ. The goal of this paper was to examine the evidence for isoflavone/PPAR signaling and to identify diseases in which such signaling would have an important impact. It is therefore of note that investigators using a chemical structure approach to discover PPAR ligands identified isoflavones as the best structures in the library of compounds that they tested. Future studies will involve careful identification of the underlying mechanisms whereby isoflavones have their action via PPAR signaling.
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Cox KB, Liu J, Tian L, Barnes S, Yang Q, Wood PA. Cardiac hypertrophy in mice with long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Transl Med 2009; 89:1348-54. [PMID: 19736549 PMCID: PMC2787798 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common finding in human patients with inborn errors of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Mice with either very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD-/-) or long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (LCAD-/-) develop cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy, initially measured using heart/body weight ratios, was manifested most severely in LCAD-/- male mice. VLCAD-/- mice, as a group, showed a mild increase in normalized cardiac mass (8.8% hypertrophy compared with all wild-type (WT) mice). In contrast, LCAD-/- mice as a group showed more severe cardiac hypertrophy (32.2% increase compared with all WT mice). On the basis of a clear male predilection, we analyzed the role of dietary plant estrogenic compounds commonly found in mouse diets because of soy or alfalfa components providing natural phytoestrogens or isoflavones in cardioprotection of LCAD-/- mice. Male LCAD-/- mice fed an isoflavone-free test diet had more severe cardiac hypertrophy (58.1% hypertrophy compared with WT mice fed the same diet). There were no significant differences in the female groups fed any of the diets. Echocardiography measurement performed on male LCAD-deficient mice fed a standard diet at the age of approximately 3 months confirmed the substantial cardiac hypertrophy in these mice compared with WT controls. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall was remarkably increased in LCAD-/- mice compared with that of WT controls. Accordingly, the calculated LV mass after normalization to body weight was increased by about 40% in the LCAD-/- mice compared with WT mice. In summary, we found that metabolic cardiomyopathy, expressed as hypertrophy, developed in mice because of either VLCAD deficiency or LCAD deficiency; however, LCAD deficiency was the most profound and seemed to be attenuated either by endogenous estrogen (in females) or by phytoestrogens present in the diet as isoflavones (in males).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Cox
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294,Department of Purdue University-University of Alabama at Birmingham Botanicals Center for Age-related Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Philip A. Wood
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294,Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Orlando, Florida 32827
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Ghanem MM, Radwaan ME, Moustafa AMM, Ebeid MH. Comparative therapeutic effect of toltrazuril, sulphadimidine and amprolium on Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii given at different times following infection in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Prev Vet Med 2008; 84:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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