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Chen Q, Peng C, Xie R, Xu H, Su Z, Yilihan G, Wei X, Yang S, Shen Y, Ye C, Jiang C. Placental and fetal enrichment of microplastics from disposable paper cups: implications for metabolic and reproductive health during pregnancy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135527. [PMID: 39151363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The disposable paper cups (DPCs) release millions of microplastics (MPs) when used for hot beverages. However, the tissue-specific deposition and toxic effects of MPs and associated toxins remain largely unexplored, especially at daily consumption levels. We administered MPs and associated toxins extracted from leading brand DPCs to pregnant mice, revealing dose-responsive harmful effects on fetal development and maternal physiology. MPs were detected in all 13 examined tissues, with preferred depositions in the fetus, placenta, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart, contributing to impaired phenotypes. Brain tissues had the smallest MPs (90.35 % < 10 µm). A dose-responsive shift in the cecal microbiome from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was observed, coupled with enhanced biosynthesis of microbial fatty acids. A moderate consumption of 3.3 cups daily was sufficient to alter the cecal microbiome, global metabolic functions, and immune health, as reflected by tissue-specific transcriptomic analyses in maternal blood, placenta, and mammary glands, leading to neurodegenerative and miscarriage risks. Gene-based benchmark dose framework analysis suggested a safe exposure limit of 2 to 4 cups/day in pregnant mice. Our results highlight tissue-specific accumulation and metabolic and reproductive toxicities in mice at DPC consumption levels presumed non-hazardous, with potential health implications for pregnant women and fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China.
| | - Chen Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ruwen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Haoteng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhuojie Su
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Gulimire Yilihan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Xin Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Sen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Yueran Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 321000, China.
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Wei X, Han N, Liu H. Supplementation of Methionine Dipeptide Enhances the Milking Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1339. [PMID: 38731344 PMCID: PMC11083484 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine dipeptide (Met-Met) could improve milk protein synthesis in bovine epithelia mammary cells and lactating mice, while the effects of Met-Met on lactation performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota profile in lactating dairy cows have not been explored. For this reason, 60 Chinese lactating Holstein cows were allocated into three treatment groups: control group (CON), 6 g/d methionine dipeptide group (MM), and 6.12 g/d rumen-protected methionine dipeptide group (RPMM). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks to monitor lactation performance, plasma amino acid profile and rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota profile. Results showed that MM increased the energy-corrected milk (ECM), and RPMM increased both milk yield and ECM (p < 0.05). The milk protein concentration and yield were increased by MM and RPMM (p < 0.05). The rumen fermentation showed that RPMM increased total volatile fatty acids, acetate and valerate concentrations (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes, including Succiniclasticum, Selenomonas and Clostridium_XlVa, were enriched and the Prevotella was decreased by RPMM (p < 0.05). In summary, daily supplementing with 6 g of MM or RPMM in lactating dairy cows could improve milk yield and both percentage and yield of milk protein, and RPMM benefited the rumen fermentation and altered the bacterial composition. These results provided the first evidence that Met-Met supplementation can improve lactation performance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.W.); (N.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ning Han
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.W.); (N.H.)
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.W.); (N.H.)
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Chen Q, Zhao FQ, Han B, Jiang C, Liu H. Methionyl-Methionine Dipeptide Enhances Mammogenesis and Lactogenesis by Suppressing the Expression of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA MGPNCR to Inhibit eIF4B Dephosphorylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6414-6423. [PMID: 38501560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that in pregnant mice deficient in l-methionine (Met), the mixture of the dipeptide l-methionyl-l-methionine (Met-Met) with Met was more effective than Met alone in promoting mammogenesis and lactogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), named mammary gland proliferation-associated lncRNA (MGPNCR), in these processes. Transcriptomic analysis of mammary tissues from Met-deficient mice, supplemented either with a Met-Met/Met mixture or with Met alone, revealed significantly higher MGPNCR expression in the Met group compared to the mixture group, a finding recapitulated in a mammary epithelial cell model. Our findings suggested that MGPNCR hindered mammogenesis and milk protein synthesis by binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B). This interaction promoted the dephosphorylation of eIF4B at serine-422 by enhancing its association with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Our study sheds light on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated dipeptide effects on mammary cell proliferation and milk protein synthesis. These insights underscore the potential benefits of utilizing dipeptides to improve milk protein in animals and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Bingqing Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
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Liu H, Wei X, Dai W, Xu L, Wang C, Liu J. The functional and regulatory entities underlying free and peptide-bound amino acid transporters in the bovine mammary gland. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:235-239. [PMID: 37360116 PMCID: PMC10285241 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Free and peptide-bound AA act as building blocks and key regulators of milk protein. To improve milk protein production, mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals require extensive AA movement across the plasma membrane via multiple transport systems. Recent studies on bovine mammary cells/tissues have expanded the number of AA transporter systems identified and the knowledge on their contribution to AA utilization for milk protein synthesis and the regulatory machinery. However, in lactating cows, the exact intracellular location of mammary AA transporters and the extent of mammary net AA utilization for milk protein production remain unclear. This review highlights the existing knowledge on various characteristics, such as substrate specificity, kinetics, their effects on AA uptake and utilization, and regulatory mechanism, of recently examined bovine mammary free and peptide-bound AA transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.Y. Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - X.S. Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - W.T. Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - L.B. Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - C. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - J.X. Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Sun M, Cao Y, Xing Y, Mu X, Hao Y, Yang J, Niu X, Li D. Effects of L-arginine and arginine-arginine dipeptide on amino acids uptake and αS1-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad339. [PMID: 37782762 PMCID: PMC10590174 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine (Arg), as an important functional amino acids (AA), is essential for milk protein synthesis in lactating ruminants. Arg shares transporters with cationic and neutral AA in mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, competitive inhibition might exist among these AA in uptake by mammary epithelial cells. In this study, cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) were used as the model to investigate whether the availability of L-Arg (0.7, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 mM) affects the uptake of other AA and if this related to αS1-casein synthesis, and whether Arginine-Arginine (Arg-Arg) substituting part of free L-Arg can alleviate competitive inhibition among Arg and other AA, so as to promote αS1-casein synthesis. Our results showed that 2.8 mM L-Arg generated the greatest positive effects on αS1-casein synthesis and the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway (P < 0.01). With L-Arg supply increasing from 0.7 to 11.2 mM, the net-uptake of other AA (except Glu and Ala) decreased linearly and quadratically (Plinear < 0.01; Pquadratic < 0.01). Compared with 2.8 mM, the net-uptake of essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA) were lower at 11.2 mM L-Arg group, while greater at 1.4 mM L-Arg group (P < 0.01). Arg-Arg dipeptide replacing 10% free L-Arg increased αS1-casein synthesis (P < 0.05), net-uptake of EAA and TAA, as well as phosphorylation level of mTOR and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) and mRNA expression of oligopeptide transporter 2 (PepT2; P < 0.01). These observations suggested that the increased αS1-casein synthesis by 10% Arg-Arg dipeptide might be related to the increase of AA availability and the activation of mTOR signaling pathway in BMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yue Cao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xiaojia Mu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yihong Hao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010000, China
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Regulation of Milk Protein Synthesis by Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids in Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101044. [PMID: 34681143 PMCID: PMC8533557 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein (MP) synthesis in the mammary gland of dairy cows is a complex biological process. As the substrates for protein synthesis, amino acids (AAs) are the most important nutrients for milk synthesis. Free AAs (FAAs) are the main precursors of MP synthesis, and their supplies are supplemented by peptide-bound AAs (PBAAs) in the blood. Utilization of AAs in the mammary gland of dairy cows has attracted the great interest of researchers because of the goal of increasing MP yield. Supplying sufficient and balanced AAs is critical to improve MP concentration and yield in dairy cows. Great progress has been made in understanding limiting AAs and their requirements for MP synthesis in dairy cows. This review focuses on the effects of FAA and PBAA supply on MP synthesis and their underlying mechanisms. Advances in our knowledge in the field can help us to develop more accurate models to predict dietary protein requirements for dairy cows MP synthesis, which will ultimately improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows.
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Lan W, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu H. Methionyl-Methionine Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects through the JAK2-STAT5-NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13742-13750. [PMID: 33183007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methionyl-methionine (Met-Met) is a functional dipeptide. Although the role of a dipeptide in milk protein synthesis is clearly established, whether Met-Met has an anti-inflammatory effect and a protective mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cell (MAC-T) inflammation remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Met-Met on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MAC-T cell inflammation. RNA-seq, siRNA interference, and western blotting were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Met-Met in the context of LPS exposure. Pretreatment with 2 mM Met-Met could reduce the increase in TNF-α (3.14 ± 0.55 vs 1.54 ± 0.26, P < 0.01), IL-1β (2.30 ± 0.21 vs 1.86 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), and IL-8 (3.49 ± 0.29 vs 0.62 ± 0.20, P < 0.01) after 1 μg/mL LPS exposure. RNA-seq analyses indicated that the overlapping genes were primarily enriched in the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and IL-17 pathways. The suppression of NF-κB, P38, and JNK by Met-Met was mediated through the Janus kinase 2-signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (JAK2-STAT5) pathway. Moreover, the Met-Met-mediated decrease in the LPS-induced activation of p-IκB, NF-κB, and JNK was reversed by knocking down JAK2. Collectively, Met-Met has beneficial effects on MAC-T cell inflammation by activating the JAK2-STAT5 pathway and then inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cai B, Wan P, Chen H, Chen X, Sun H, Pan J. Identification of octopus peptide and its promotion of β-casein synthesis in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13467. [PMID: 32935377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Octopus protein hydrolysate has been reported to increase milk yield and milk protein production. In this paper, the utilization and underlying mechanisms of bioactive peptide fractions from octopus protein hydrolysate on β-casein expression in mouse mammary epithelial cells (HC11) were investigated. Fraction OPH3-1 significantly stimulated cell proliferation and β-casein synthesis in HC11 cells, which was purified by ultra-filtration and gel-filtration chromatography. The MWs of the peptides from OPH3-1 ranged from 525-2,578 Da and consisted of 7-26 amino acid residues. Most of the peptides demonstrated the typical characteristics of milk protein synthesis promotion, especially MGLAGPR, MGDVLNF, EAPLMHV, and TEAPLMHV. Additionally, the mRNA abundances of mTOR, S6K1, 4EBP1, JAK2, and STAT5 were significantly enhanced by OPH3-1, which was consistent with the increased β-casein expression. These results suggest that the OPH3-1 peptides can promote the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and increase β-casein synthesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Breastfeeding mothers are generally recommended to take octopus soup as a daily diet to promote lactation. The peptides fraction OPH3-1 from the enzymatic hydrolysate of Octopus vulgaris which was revealed to significantly stimulate mammary epithelial cell proliferation and β-casein synthesis was obtained. This study suggests that octopus peptides can be used as nutritional supplements to increase the quantity and quality of milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingna Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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