Breakfast Frequency Is Inversely Associated with Weight Gain in a Cohort of Mexican Women

Impact of chrono-nutrition profile on academic performance with reference to demographic characteristics of young adults: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe circadian rhythm, which governs sleep patterns and dietary habits, is crucial to people's metabolic health. Disruptions to these established routines can result in serious metabolic disorders and may impact youngster's academic performance.AimThis study aimed to assess the chrono-nutrition profile of university students and its impact on academic performance. It also explored the relationship between demographic characteristics, chrono-nutrition patterns, and academic scores.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023 to assess how disruptions in eating and sleeping patterns may impact academic performance through data collected from 288 young adults (18-30 years). Participants completed the Chrono-nutrition Profile and Academic Performance Questionnaire ( Veronda et al., 2020) and also provided demographic information and responses to self-awareness questions.ResultsThe average age of participants was 21 years, with 19% being males and 81% females; 56.3% were day scholars and 42.4% were hostelites. The average sleep duration of the sample on the workdays was 7 h, compared to 9 h on days off. The mean academic performance score indicated excellent performance (score: 25-32). The relationship of the actual sleep window and eating window with academic performance was not statistically significant (p = 0.905). Similarly, skipping breakfast did not show a significant association with academic performance scores (p = 0.693).ConclusionThe chrono-nutrition profile was not associated with academic performance scores, as there was variability in sleep habits and eating windows on both workdays and days off. We recommend that future research gather prospective data to further investigate these findings.

Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study

BACKGROUND

Breakfast quality, together with regularity of breakfast, has been suggested to be associated with cardiometabolic health advantages. We aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast and its socioeconomic and psychosocial correlates in a large sample of the Italian population.

METHODS

Cross-sectional analyses on 7,673 adult and 505 children/adolescent regular breakfast eaters from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES; 2010-2013). Dietary data were collected through a single 24-h dietary recall. Breakfast quality was assessed through the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) combining intake of ten food groups, energy, and nutrients of public health concern, and potentially ranging from 0 to 10. The association of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with BQI were analyzed by multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.

RESULTS

The average BQI was 4.65 (SD ± 1.13) and 4.97 (SD ± 1.00) in adults and children/adolescents, respectively. Amongst adults, older age (β = 0.19; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.31 for > 65 vs. 20-40 years) and having a high educational level (β = 0.13; 0.03 to 0.23; for postsecondary vs. up to elementary) were independent predictors of better breakfast quality, while men reported lower BQI (β = -0.08; -0.14 to -0.02 vs. women). Perceived stress levels at home and work and financial stress were inversely associated with BQI. Children/adolescents living in Central and Southern Italian regions had lower BQI compared to residents in Northern Italy (β = -0.55; -0.91 to -0.19 and β = -0.24; -0.47 to -0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In adults, breakfast quality was associated with age, sex, and educational level. Perceived stress levels were inversely associated with the quality of breakfast. In children/adolescents, a north-south gradient in breakfast quality was observed.

The Risks and Consequences of Skipping Meals for Low-income Mothers

Objective

We test whether low-income mothers are more likely to skip breakfast, lunch and/or dinner and thereby increase their risk of overweight and obesity.

Background

Low-income mothers are significantly more likely to be overweight or obese relative to low-income women not raising children and all men, but the mechanisms generating these disparities remain unclear.

Method

Using 2006-2008 and 2014-2016 American Time Use Surveys restricted to 18-55-year-old respondents, we predict whether respondents eat breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner as a meal (i.e., eat as a primary activity during specified times) or as a snack (i.e., eat as a secondary activity during the same specified times). We then predict respondents' risk of overweight and obesity (corrected for bias in self-reports). All models examine conditional relationships between sex, presence of children in the home, and income category.

Results

While eating specific meals varies by pairwise combinations of sex, presence of children, and income category, low-income mothers are not significantly less likely to eat lunch or dinner meals, but they are significantly less likely to eat within two hours of waking relative to all other individuals. Yet including mealtime measures does not notably attenuate the significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity for low-income mothers.

Conclusion

Results highlight the complex interplay between gender, parenting, and income for food consumption behaviors, but disparities in overweight and obesity remain difficult to explain.

The Mediating Role of Dietary Inflammatory Index in the Association between Eating Breakfast and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Obesity is closely related with diet, including the regularity of meals and inflammation in the diet. No previous study focused on the associations among eating breakfast, which is regarded the most important meal, dietary inflammation, and obesity. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, with 23,758 participants involved. Obesity and dietary inflammation were measured by body mass index (BMI) and dietary inflammatory index (DII), respectively. Eating breakfast was defined by two days of dietary recalls based on NHANES dietary data. Pro-inflammatory diet and skipping breakfast were positively associated with obesity in the whole population. Compared with eating breakfast in both recalls, skipping breakfast had the higher OR of obesity, especially for individuals who reported no recall. Participants with diabetes were the sensitive population of these associations. Compared with participants who reported breakfast in both recalls, the mediated proportion of participants reported breakfast in one recall and in no recall were 24.71% and 27.34%, respectively. The association between eating breakfast and obesity was partly mediated by DII. We recommended eating breakfast regularly to reduce dietary inflammation, as well as further obesity, especially for diabetic populations.

Breakfast consumption frequency is associated with dyslipidemia: a retrospective cohort study of a working population

Background

Dyslipidemia is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Research on the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and dyslipidemia in the working population is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship based on a retrospective cohort study of a large working population in China.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the physical examinations and questionnaire survey of working participants at Nanfang Hospital from January 20, 2015 to October 16, 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and dyslipidemia in this working population (n = 7644).

Results

The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the participants was 26.4%. The univariate logistic regression test showed that the breakfast consumption frequency was inversely correlated with dyslipidemia. After adjusting for multiple factors, such as sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperuricaemia, diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education level, marital status, long-term exposure to kitchen oil fumes, attending business dinners, and sleep time, it was found that breakfast consumption remained inversely associated with dyslipidaemia. The odds ratio for daily breakfast consumption was 0.466 (95% confidence interval 0.283–0.770, P = 0.003). After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that the higher the frequency of breakfast consumption, the lower the odds ratios for hypertriglyceridaemia.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that breakfast consumption frequency was inversely correlated with dyslipidemia. The higher the frequency of breakfast, the lower the risk of hypertriglyceridaemia. This study provides a basis on which dietary suggestions for the working population and lifestyle guidance for patients with a clinical need to prevent dyslipidemia can be made.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01641-x.