1
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Grimm F, Asuaje A, Jain A, Silva Dos Santos M, Kleinjung J, Nunes PM, Gehrig S, Fets L, Darici S, MacRae JI, Anastasiou D. Metabolic priming by multiple enzyme systems supports glycolysis, HIF1α stabilisation, and human cancer cell survival in early hypoxia. EMBO J 2024; 43:1545-1569. [PMID: 38485816 PMCID: PMC11021510 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia occurs through changes in protein expression, which are controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and are necessary for cancer cell survival. However, the mechanisms that enable cancer cells to adapt in early hypoxia, before the HIF1α-mediated transcription programme is fully established, remain poorly understood. Here we show in human breast cancer cells, that within 3 h of hypoxia exposure, glycolytic flux increases in a HIF1α-independent manner but is limited by NAD+ availability. Glycolytic ATP maintenance and cell survival in early hypoxia rely on reserve lactate dehydrogenase A capacity as well as the activity of glutamate-oxoglutarate transaminase 1 (GOT1), an enzyme that fuels malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1)-derived NAD+. In addition, GOT1 maintains low α-ketoglutarate levels, thereby limiting prolyl hydroxylase activity to promote HIF1α stabilisation in early hypoxia and enable robust HIF1α target gene expression in later hypoxia. Our findings reveal that, in normoxia, multiple enzyme systems maintain cells in a primed state ready to support increased glycolysis and HIF1α stabilisation upon oxygen limitation, until other adaptive processes that require more time are fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Grimm
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Agustín Asuaje
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Aakriti Jain
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Mariana Silva Dos Santos
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Jens Kleinjung
- Computational Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Patrícia M Nunes
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Stefanie Gehrig
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Louise Fets
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Salihanur Darici
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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2
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Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:70. [PMID: 36797231 PMCID: PMC9935926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of cancer cells, mediates the effects of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy through complex mechanisms, and is closely associated with poor prognosis in various cancer patients. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that through normalization of the tumor vasculature, nanoparticle carriers and biocarriers can effectively increase the oxygen concentration in the tumor microenvironment, improve drug delivery and the efficacy of radiotherapy. They also increase infiltration of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune cells to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, drugs targeting key genes associated with hypoxia, including hypoxia tracers, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, and drugs targeting hypoxia-inducible factors and downstream targets, can be used for visualization and quantitative analysis of tumor hypoxia and antitumor activity. However, the relationship between hypoxia and cancer is an area of research that requires further exploration. Here, we investigated the potential factors in the development of hypoxia in cancer, changes in signaling pathways that occur in cancer cells to adapt to hypoxic environments, the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced cancer immune tolerance, chemotherapeutic tolerance, and enhanced radiation tolerance, as well as the insights and applications of hypoxia in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fangfang Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. .,Lanzhou University Sencond Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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3
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Fatania K, Frood R, Tyyger M, McDermott G, Fernandez S, Shaw GC, Boissinot M, Salvatore D, Ottobrini L, Teh I, Wright J, Bailey MA, Koch-Paszkowski J, Schneider JE, Buckley DL, Murray L, Scarsbrook A, Short SC, Currie S. Exploratory Analysis of Serial 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT and Multiparametric MRI during Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3485. [PMID: 35884545 PMCID: PMC9315674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-1-amino-3-18fluorine-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-fluciclovine) positron emission tomography (PET) shows preferential glioma uptake but there is little data on how uptake correlates with post-contrast T1-weighted (Gd-T1) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) activity during adjuvant treatment. This pilot study aimed to compare 18F-fluciclovine PET, DCE-MRI and Gd-T1 in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM), and in a parallel pre-clinical GBM model, to investigate correlation between 18F-fluciclovine uptake, MRI findings, and tumour biology. 18F-fluciclovine-PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) and MRI including DCE-MRI were acquired before, during and after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions with temozolomide) in GBM patients. MRI volumes were manually contoured; PET volumes were defined using semi-automatic thresholding. The similarity of the PET and DCE-MRI volumes outside the Gd-T1 volume boundary was measured using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). CT-2A tumour-bearing mice underwent MRI and 18F-fluciclovine PET-CT. Post-mortem mice brains underwent immunohistochemistry staining for ASCT2 (amino acid transporter), nestin (stemness) and Ki-67 (proliferation) to assess for biologically active tumour. 6 patients were recruited (GBM 1-6) and grouped according to overall survival (OS)-short survival (GBM-SS, median OS 249 days) and long survival (GBM-LS, median 903 days). For GBM-SS, PET tumour volumes were greater than DCE-MRI, in turn greater than Gd-T1. For GBM-LS, Gd-T1 and DCE-MRI were greater than PET. Tumour-specific 18F-fluciclovine uptake on pre-clinical PET-CT corresponded to immunostaining for Ki-67, nestin and ASCT2. Results suggest volumes of 18F-fluciclovine-PET activity beyond that depicted by DCE-MRI and Gd-T1 are associated with poorer prognosis in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for GBM. The pre-clinical model confirmed 18F-fluciclovine uptake reflected biologically active tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavi Fatania
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (R.F.); (A.S.); (S.C.)
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Russell Frood
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (R.F.); (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Marcus Tyyger
- Department of Medical Physics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Garry McDermott
- Department of Medical Physics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (M.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Sharon Fernandez
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Gary C. Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Marjorie Boissinot
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Segrate, Italy; (D.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Segrate, Italy; (D.S.); (L.O.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Irvin Teh
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
| | - John Wright
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
| | - Marc A. Bailey
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
| | - Jurgen E. Schneider
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
| | - David L. Buckley
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, and Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (I.T.); (J.W.); (M.A.B.); (J.K.-P.); (J.E.S.); (D.L.B.)
| | - Louise Murray
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Andrew Scarsbrook
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (R.F.); (A.S.); (S.C.)
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Susan C. Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Stuart Currie
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (R.F.); (A.S.); (S.C.)
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, UK; (G.C.S.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.S.)
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4
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Hypoxia signaling in human health and diseases: implications and prospects for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:218. [PMID: 35798726 PMCID: PMC9261907 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is linked to several biological processes, including pathogenic microbe infection, metabolic adaptation, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and other stress responses. The mechanism underlying cells respond to oxygen changes to mediate subsequent signal response is the central question during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) sense hypoxia to regulate the expressions of a series of downstream genes expression, which participate in multiple processes including cell metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, microbe infection, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Importantly, hypoxia signaling also interacts with other cellular pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of hypoxia signaling activation, the control of HIF signaling, and the function of HIF signaling in human health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic targets involved in HIF signaling to balance health and diseases are summarized and highlighted, which would provide novel strategies for the design and development of therapeutic drugs.
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5
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HypoxaMIRs: Key Regulators of Hallmarks of Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121895. [PMID: 35741024 PMCID: PMC9221210 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in cancer is a thoroughly studied phenomenon, and the logical cause of the reduction in oxygen tension is tumor growth itself. While sustained hypoxia leads to death by necrosis in cells, there is an exquisitely regulated mechanism that rescues hypoxic cells from their fatal fate. The accumulation in the cytoplasm of the transcription factor HIF-1α, which, under normoxic conditions, is marked for degradation by a group of oxygen-sensing proteins known as prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) in association with the von Hippel-Lindau anti-oncogene (VHL) is critical for the cell, as it regulates different mechanisms through the genes it induces. A group of microRNAs whose expression is regulated by HIF, collectively called hypoxaMIRs, have been recognized. In this review, we deal with the hypoxaMIRs that have been shown to be expressed in colorectal cancer. Subsequently, using data mining, we analyze a panel of hypoxaMIRs expressed in both normal and tumor tissues obtained from TCGA. Finally, we assess the impact of these hypoxaMIRs on cancer hallmarks through their target genes.
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6
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Mahajan M, Sitasawad S. miR-140-5p Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting Nrf2/HO-1 Axis in a Keap1-Independent Mechanism. Cells 2021; 11:12. [PMID: 35011574 PMCID: PMC8750786 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and oxidative stress significantly contribute to breast cancer (BC) progression. Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) is considered a key effector of the cellular response to hypoxia, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master antioxidant transcription factor, is a crucial factor essential for Hif-1α-mediated hypoxic responses. Hence, targeting Nrf2 could provide new treatment strategies for cancer therapy. miRNAs are potential regulators of hypoxia-responsive genes. In a quest to identify novel hypoxia-regulated miRNAs involved in the regulation of Nrf2, we found that miR-140-5p significantly affects the expression of Nrf2 under hypoxia. In our study, miR-140-5p expression is downregulated in BC cells under hypoxic conditions. We have identified Nrf2 as a direct target of miR-140-5p, as confirmed by the luciferase assay. Knockdown of miR-140-5p under normoxic conditions significantly enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in BC. In contrast, overexpression of miR-140-5p under hypoxic conditions revealed opposite results. Further silencing Nrf2 expression mimicked the miR-140-5p-induced anti-tumor effects. Consistent with the knockdown of miR-140-5p in vitro, mice injected with miR-140-5p-KD cells exhibited dramatically reduced miR-140-5p levels, increased Nrf2 levels, and increased tumor growth. In contrast, tumor growth is potently suppressed in mice injected with miR-140-5p-OE cells. Collectively, the above results demonstrate the importance of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in cancer progression and, thus, targeting Nrf2 by miR-140-5p could be a better strategy for the treatment of Nrf2-driven breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sitasawad
- Redox Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India; or
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7
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McQueen CF, Groves JT. Toxicity of the iron siderophore mycobactin J in mouse macrophages: Evidence for a hypoxia response. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111669. [PMID: 34864292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an obligate intracellular pathogen that lives within the phagosome of macrophages. Here we demonstrate that the siderophore mycobactin J, produced by the closely related intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, is toxic to murine macrophage cells. Its median lethal dose, 10 μM, is lower than that of the iron chelators desferrioxamine B and TrenCAM, an enterobactin analog. To determine the source of this toxicity, we conducted microarray, ELISA, and metabolite profiling experiments. The primary response is hypoxia-like, which implies iron starvation as the underlying cause of the toxicity. This observation is consistent with our recent finding that mycobactin J is a stronger iron chelator than had been inferred from previous studies. Mycobactin J is known to partition into cell membranes and hydrophobic organelles indicating that enhanced membrane penetration is also a likely factor. Thus, mycobactin J is shown to be toxic, eliciting a hypoxia-like response under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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8
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Azab MA, Ghozy S, Hassanein SF, Azzam AY. Specific Preoperative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Semi-quantitative Markers Can Correlate With Vascularity in Specific Areas of Glioblastoma Tissue and Predict Recurrence. Cureus 2021; 13:e15528. [PMID: 34277164 PMCID: PMC8269995 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumours despite all advanced therapies. We aimed to investigate the correlation between qualitative markers of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and vascularity in different tumour regions and elucidate their potential in predicting recurrence. Methods: Radiological markers of vascularity as wash-in rate, washout rate, and capillary time to peak in different single tumour regions were extracted for all glioblastoma patients before being surgically resected using preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Tissue samples were obtained from different intratumoral regions and peritumoral oedema and evaluated for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: Two hundred sixty individuals were included in the final analysis, with 180 dead ones and 80 survivors. Radio- and chemo-therapy were received by all surviving patients and 77.8% (n= 140) of the dead ones. The mean time to peak, in seconds, was longest at the peritumoral oedema region (71.7±23.5), followed by the tumour's necrotic centre (50.0±28.5) and its periphery (2.9±1.8). The expression of VEGF at the peritumoral edema region was inversely correlated to the washout rate at the periphery (r= -0.66; P-value= 0.014) and positively correlated to peritumoral TTP (r= 0.94; P-value< 0.001). Conclusion: Using DCE-MRI, VEGF expression may be used as a non-invasive marker to estimate tumour grade for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the risk of glioblastoma recurrence could be determined by evaluating the washout rate at the tumour's periphery. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the results and to have concrete evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, USA.,Neurological Surgery, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, EGY
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Neurological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | | | - Ahmed Y Azzam
- Neurological Surgery, October 6 University, 6th of October City, EGY
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9
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Xie W, Zhao H, Wang F, Wang Y, He Y, Wang T, Zhang K, Yang H, Zhou Z, Shi H, Wang J, Huang G. A novel humanized Frizzled-7-targeting antibody enhances antitumor effects of Bevacizumab against triple-negative breast cancer via blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:30. [PMID: 33436039 PMCID: PMC7802198 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapy has been widely applied to the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, the efficacy of such treatments has been called into question, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bevacizumab, the first anti-angiogenic agent approved by FDA, actually increases invasive and metastatic properties of TNBC cells, resulting from the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to hypoxia. As a critical receptor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Frizzled-7 (Fzd7) is aberrantly expressed in TNBC, indicating Fzd7 a potential target for developing drugs to be combined with anti-angiogenic agents. METHODS Hybridoma technique and antibody humanization technique were utilized to generate a Fzd7-targeting antibody (SHH002-hu1). Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay and near infrared (NIR) imaging were conducted to detect the affinity and targeting ability of SHH002-hu1. Next, whether SHH002-hu1 could suppress the invasion and migration of TNBC cells induced by Bevacizumab were validated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated by luciferase reporter and western blot assays. The nude-mice transplanted TNBC models were established to assess the anti-TNBC activities of SHH002-hu1 when combined with Bevacizumab. Then, the effects on putative TNBC stem-like cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF). Further, the tumor-initiating and self-renew capacity of TNBC cells were studied by secondary nude mouse xenograft model and sphere formation assay. In addition, the effects of SHH002-hu1 on the adaptation of TNBC cells to hypoxia were evaluated by the detection of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional activity. RESULTS The novel humanized antibody targeting Fzd7 (SHH002-hu1) exhibited extremely high affinity with Fzd7, and specifically targeted to Fzd7+ cells and tumor tissues. SHH002-hu1 repressed invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation (EMT) of TNBC cells induced by Bevacizumab through abating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. SHH002-hu1 significantly enhanced the capacity of Bevacizumab to inhibit the growth of TNBC via reducing the subpopulation of putative TNBC stem-like cells, further attenuating Bevacizumab-enhanced tumor-initiating and self-renew capacity of TNBC cells. Moreover, SHH002-hu1 effectively restrained the adaptation of TNBC cells to hypoxia via disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION SHH002-hu1 significantly enhances the anti-TNBC capacity of Bevacizumab, and shows the potential of preventing TNBC recurrence, suggesting SHH002-hu1 a good candidate for the synergistic therapy together with Bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Zanotelli VRT, Leutenegger M, Lun X, Georgi F, de Souza N, Bodenmiller B. A quantitative analysis of the interplay of environment, neighborhood, and cell state in 3D spheroids. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9798. [PMID: 33369114 PMCID: PMC7765047 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells react to their microenvironment by integrating external stimuli into phenotypic decisions via an intracellular signaling network. To analyze the interplay of environment, local neighborhood, and internal cell state effects on phenotypic variability, we developed an experimental approach that enables multiplexed mass cytometric imaging analysis of up to 240 pooled spheroid microtissues. We quantified the contributions of environment, neighborhood, and intracellular state to marker variability in single cells of the spheroids. A linear model explained on average more than half of the variability of 34 markers across four cell lines and six growth conditions. The contributions of cell-intrinsic and environmental factors to marker variability are hierarchically interdependent, a finding that we propose has general implications for systems-level studies of single-cell phenotypic variability. By the overexpression of 51 signaling protein constructs in subsets of cells, we also identified proteins that have cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic effects. Our study deconvolves factors influencing cellular phenotype in a 3D tissue and provides a scalable experimental system, analytical principles, and rich multiplexed imaging datasets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito RT Zanotelli
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Life Science Zürich Graduate SchoolETH Zürich and University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Xiao‐Kang Lun
- Life Science Zürich Graduate SchoolETH Zürich and University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Fanny Georgi
- Life Science Zürich Graduate SchoolETH Zürich and University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Natalie de Souza
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
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11
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhou X, Cheng J, Fu X, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Chu M. Different polymorphisms in HIF-1α may exhibit different effects on cancer risk in Asians: evidence from nearly forty thousand participants. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21329-21343. [PMID: 33154192 PMCID: PMC7695358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different SNPs in HIF-1α and cancer susceptibility remain indistinct. Here, we evaluated the association between all identified SNPs (rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482) in HIF-1α and the overall risk of cancer in all case-control studies published before April 2020. A total of 54 articles including 56 case-control studies were included in this analysis. We found that variant genotypes of rs11549465 and rs11549467 were associated with a significantly increased overall cancer risk. In contrast, the variant T allele of rs2057482 showed a significantly reduced risk of overall cancer. In addition, variant genotypes of the three studied SNPs exhibited a significant association with cancer risk in Asians and specific cancer types. Meanwhile, HIF-1α was significantly highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer tissues. More importantly, survival analysis indicated that the high expression of HIF-1α was associated with a poor survival in patients with lung cancer. These findings further provided evidence that different SNPs in HIF-1α may exhibit different effects on overall cancer risk; these effects were ethnicity and type-specific. Further studies with functional evaluations are required to confirm the biological mechanisms underlying the role of HIF-1α SNPs in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuya Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueping Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Arndt C, Fasslrinner F, Loureiro LR, Koristka S, Feldmann A, Bachmann M. Adaptor CAR Platforms-Next Generation of T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051302. [PMID: 32455621 PMCID: PMC7281723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of refractory hematologic malignancies has triggered the development of novel exciting experimental CAR technologies. Among them, adaptor CAR platforms have received much attention. They combine the flexibility and controllability of recombinant antibodies with the power of CARs. Due to their modular design, adaptor CAR systems propose answers to the central problems of conventional CAR therapy, such as safety and antigen escape. This review provides an overview on the different adaptor CAR platforms available, discusses the possibilities and challenges of adaptor CAR therapy, and summarizes the first clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arndt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederick Fasslrinner
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (C.A.); (L.R.L.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-260-3170
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13
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Bergmann N, Delbridge C, Gempt J, Feuchtinger A, Walch A, Schirmer L, Bunk W, Aschenbrenner T, Liesche-Starnecker F, Schlegel J. The Intratumoral Heterogeneity Reflects the Intertumoral Subtypes of Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Regional Immunohistochemistry Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:494. [PMID: 32391260 PMCID: PMC7193089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite extensive therapy the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor and the extraordinary therapy resistance has been attributed to intertumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma. Different prognostic relevant GBM tumor subtypes have been identified based on their molecular profile. This approach, however, neglects the heterogeneity within individual tumors, that is, the intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we detected the regional immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using nine different markers on resected GBM specimens (IDH wildtype, WHO grade IV). We found repetitive expression profiles, that could be classified into clusters. These clusters could then be assigned to five pathophysiologically relevant groups that reflect the previously described subclasses of GBM, including mesenchymal, classical, and proneural subtype. Our data indicate the presence of tumor differentiations and tumor subclasses that occur within individual tumors, and might therefore contribute to develop adapted, individual-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bergmann
- Division of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfram Bunk
- Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Division of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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14
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Al-Abdallah A, Jahanbani I, Mehdawi H, Ali RH, Al-Brahim N, Mojiminiyi O. The stress-activated protein kinase pathway and the expression of stanniocalcin-1 are regulated by miR-146b-5p in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:412-423. [PMID: 32037949 PMCID: PMC7515490 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1721250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to PTC development is essential to the discovery of optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. MiR-146b-5p has been identified as a cancer-associated microRNA highly up-regulated in PTC. This study explores the hypothesis that miR-146b-5p contributes to papillary thyroid carcinogenesis through regulation of cell signaling pathways in a manner that overcomes the cellular growth suppressive events and provides survival advantage. The effect of miR-146b-5p inhibition on major cancer related signaling pathways and expression of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1), an emerging molecule associated with stress response and carcinogenesis, was tested in cultured primary thyroid cells using luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that miR-146b-5p inhibits the JNK/AP1 pathway activity and down-regulates the expression of STC-1 in thyroid-cultured cells and in thyroid tissue samples. In the presence of miR-146b-5p, PTC cells were resistant to cell death in response to oxidative stress. This is a novel report that miR-146b-5p directly targets STC1 and regulates the activity of JNK/AP1 pathway. Considering the importance of the JNK/AP1 pathway and STC1 in mediating many physiological and pathological processes like apoptosis, stress response and cellular metabolism, a biological regulator of these pathways would have a great scientific and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Jahanbani
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heba Mehdawi
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rola H Ali
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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15
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Tomko N, Kluever M, Wu C, Zhu J, Wang Y, Salomon RG. 4-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic acid lactone is a potent inducer of brain cancer cell invasiveness that may contribute to the failure of anti-angiogenic therapies. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:234-256. [PMID: 31715381 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that free radical-induced oxidative fragmentation of the docosahexaenoate ester of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine produces 4-hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic acid (HOHA) lactone that, in turn, promotes the migration and invasion of endothelial cells. This suggested that HOHA lactone might similarly promote migration and invasion of glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) brain cancer stem cells (CSCs). A bioinformatics analysis of clinical cancer genomic data revealed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and three markers of oxidative stress - superoxide dismutase 2, NADPH oxidase 4, and carbonic anhydrase 9 - are upregulated in human mesenchymal GBM cancer tissue, and that MMP1 is positively correlated to all three of these oxidative stress markers. In addition, elevated levels of MMP1 are indicative of GBM invasion, while low levels of MMP1 indicate survival. We also explored the hypothesis that the transition from the proneural to the more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype, e.g., after treatment with an anti-angiogenic therapy, is promoted by the effects of lipid oxidation products on GBM CSCs. We found that low micromolar concentrations of HOHA lactone increase the cell migration velocity of cultured GBM CSCs, and induce the expression of MMP1 and two protein biomarkers of the proneural to mesenchymal transition (PMT): p65 NF-κβ and vimentin. Exposure of cultured GBM CSCs to HOHA lactone causes an increase in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt kinases that are dependent on both protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and MMP1 activity. We conclude that HOHA lactone promotes the PMT in GBM through the activation of PAR1 and MMP1. This contributes to a fatal flaw in antiangiogenic, chemo, and radiation therapies: they promote oxidative stress and the generation of HOHA lactone in the tumor that fosters a change from the proliferative proneural to the migratory mesenchymal GBM CSC phenotype that seeds new tumor growth. Inhibition of PAR1 and HOHA lactone are potential new therapeutic targets for impeding GBM tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tomko
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mark Kluever
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Chunying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Junqing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Robert G Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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16
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Brodaczewska KK, Bielecka ZF, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Szczylik C, Porta C, Bartnik E, Czarnecka AM. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma cells growing in 3D on poly‑D‑lysine or laminin present a stem‑like phenotype and drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1878-1892. [PMID: 31545459 PMCID: PMC6788014 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3D spheroids are built by heterogeneous cell types in different proliferative and metabolic states and are enriched in cancer stem cells. The main aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of a novel metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 3D spheroid culture for in vitro cancer stem cell physiology research and drug toxicity screening. RCC cell lines, Caki-1 (skin metastasis derived) and ACHN (pleural effusion derived), were efficiently cultured in growth-factor/serum deprived, defined, StemXvivo and Nutristem medium on laminin-coated or poly-D-lysine-coated plates. In optimal 3D culture conditions, ACHN cells (StemXVivo/poly-D-lysine) formed small spheroids with remaining adherent cells of an epithelial phenotype, while Caki-1 cells (StemXVivo/laminin) formed large dark spheroids with significantly reduced cell viability in the center. In the 3D structures, expression levels of genes encoding stem transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, NES) and RCC stem cell markers (CD105, CD133) were deregulated in comparison to these expression levels in traditional 2D culture. Sunitinib, epirubicin and doxycycline were more toxic to cells cultured in monolayers than for cells in 3D spheroids. High numbers of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle were found in spheroids under sunitinib treatment. We showed that metastatic RCC 3D spheroids supported with ECM are a useful model to determine the cancer cell growth characteristics that are not found in adherent 2D cultures. Due to the more complex architecture, spheroids may mimic in vivo micrometastases and may be more appropriate to investigate novel drug candidate responses, including the direct effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity against RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia F Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, I‑27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Chkheidze R, Cimino PJ, Hatanpaa KJ, White CL, Ferreira M, Piccirillo SGM, Li L, Rajaram S, Nyagilo JO, Burns DK, Raisanen JM, Cai C. Distinct Expression Patterns of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Clear Cell, Microcystic, and Angiomatous Meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:1081-1088. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Clear cell, microcytic, and angiomatous meningiomas are 3 vasculature-rich variants with overlapping morphological features but different prognostic and treatment implications. Distinction between them is not always straightforward. We compared the expression patterns of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) in meningiomas with predominant clear cell (n = 15), microcystic (n = 9), or angiomatous (n = 11) morphologies, as well as 117 cases of other World Health Organization recognized histological meningioma variants. Immunostaining for SMARCE1 protein, whose loss-of-function has been associated with clear cell meningiomas, was performed on all clear cell meningiomas, and selected variants of meningiomas as controls. All clear cell meningiomas showed absence of CA-IX expression and loss of nuclear SMARCE1 expression. All microcystic and angiomatous meningiomas showed diffuse CA-IX immunoreactivity and retained nuclear SMARCE1 expression. In other meningioma variants, CA-IX was expressed in a hypoxia-restricted pattern and was highly associated with atypical features such as necrosis, small cell change, and focal clear cell change. In conclusion, CA-IX may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in differentiating clear cell, microcystic, and angiomatous meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Chkheidze
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sara G M Piccirillo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Satwik Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James O Nyagilo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dennis K Burns
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jack M Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; and Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Chen F, Zhang Z, Pu F. Role of stanniocalcin-1 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3946-3953. [PMID: 31579413 PMCID: PMC6757304 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease consisting of five disease subtypes with distinct histological characteristics, clinical behaviors and prognostic features. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone that has been demonstrated to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Mammalian STC1 is expressed in various tissues and is implicated in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In addition, growing evidence has suggested that STC1 serves an oncogenic role in a number of different types of tumor. However, the role of STC1 in breast cancer is complex, considering that some studies have shown that it exerts an oncogenic role, whereas other studies have demonstrated the opposite. The aim of the present review article is to evaluate the currently available data on mammalian STC1 and discuss its potential roles in each subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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19
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Gao Y, Zhang E, Liu B, Zhou K, He S, Feng L, Wu G, Cao M, Wu H, Cui Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang Y, Gao Y, Bian X. Integrated analysis identified core signal pathways and hypoxic characteristics of human glioblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6228-6237. [PMID: 31282108 PMCID: PMC6714287 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a hallmark for glioblastoma (GBM), high heterogeneity causes a variety of phenotypes and therapeutic responses among GBM patients, and it contributes to treatment failure. Moreover, hypoxia is a predominant feature of GBM and contributes greatly to its phenotype. To analyse the landscape of gene expression and hypoxic characteristics of GBM cells and their clinical significance in GBM patients, we performed transcriptome analysis of the GBM cell line U87‐MG and the normal glial cell line HEB under normoxia and hypoxia conditions, with the results of which were analysed using established gene ontology databases as well as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We revealed core signal pathways, including inflammation, angiogenesis and migration, and for the first time mapped the components of the toll‐like receptor 6 pathway in GBM cells. Moreover, by investigating the signal pathways involved in homoeostasis, proliferation and adenosine triphosphate metabolism, the critical response of GBM to hypoxia was clarified. Experiments with cell lines, patient serum and tissue identified IL1B, CSF3 and TIMP1 as potential plasma markers and VIM, STC1, TGFB1 and HMOX1 as potential biopsy markers for GBM. In conclusion, our study provided a comprehensive understanding for signal pathways and hypoxic characteristics of GBM and identified new biomarkers for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Gao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Erlong Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu He
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Mianfu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Lee YG, Marks I, Srinivasarao M, Kanduluru AK, Mahalingam SM, Liu X, Chu H, Low PS. Use of a Single CAR T Cell and Several Bispecific Adapters Facilitates Eradication of Multiple Antigenically Different Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2018; 79:387-396. [PMID: 30482775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most solid tumors are comprised of multiple clones that express orthogonal antigens, suggesting that novel strategies must be developed in order to adapt chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies to treat heterogeneous solid tumors. Here, we utilized a cocktail of low-molecular-weight bispecific adapters, each comprised of fluorescein linked to a different tumor-specific ligand, to bridge between an antifluorescein CAR on the engineered T cell and a unique antigen on the cancer cell. This formation of an immunologic synapse between the CAR T cell and cancer cell enabled use of a single antifluorescein CAR T cell to eradicate a diversity of antigenically different solid tumors implanted concurrently in NSG mice. Based on these data, we suggest that a carefully designed cocktail of bispecific adapters in combination with antifluorescein CAR T cells can overcome tumor antigen escape mechanisms that lead to disease recurrence following many CAR T-cell therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: A cocktail of tumor-targeted bispecific adapters greatly augments CAR T-cell therapies against heterogeneous tumors, highlighting its potential for broader applicability against cancers where standard CAR T-cell therapy has failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Isaac Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sakkarapalayam M Mahalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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21
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Drenckhan A, Freytag M, Supuran CT, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Gros SJ. CAIX furthers tumour progression in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment of esophageal carcinoma and is a possible therapeutic target. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1024-1033. [PMID: 29865880 PMCID: PMC6010094 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1475369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic tumour microenvironment of solid tumours represents an important starting point for modulating progression and metastatic spread. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a known HIF-1α-dependent key player in maintaining cell pH conditions under hypoxia. We show that CAIX is strongly expressed in esophageal carcinoma tissues. We hypothesize that a moderate CAIX expression facilitates metastases and thereby worsens prognosis. Selective inhibition of CAIX by specific CAIX inhibitors and a CAIX knockdown effectively inhibit proliferation and migration in vitro. In the orthotopic esophageal carcinoma model, the humanized HER2 antibody trastuzumab down-regulates CAIX, possibly through CAIX’s linkage with HER2 in the hypoxic microenvironment. Our results show CAIX to be an essential part of the tumour microenvironment and a possible master regulator of tumour progression. This makes CAIX a highly effective and feasible therapeutic target for selective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Drenckhan
- a Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- a Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Department Neurofarba , Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Guido Sauter
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- a Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Stephanie J Gros
- a Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,d Department of Pediatric Surgery , Ûniversity Children's Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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22
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Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Ruiz A, Calzada MJ. Hypoxia and Redox Signaling on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: From Mechanisms to Pathological Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:802-822. [PMID: 28715969 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential modulator of cell behavior that influences tissue organization. It has a strong relevance in homeostasis and translational implications for human disease. In addition to ECM structural proteins, matricellular proteins are important regulators of the ECM that are involved in a myriad of different pathologies. Recent Advances: Biochemical studies, animal models, and study of human diseases have contributed to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling of the ECM, both in homeostasis and disease. Some of them might help in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to review what is known about some of the most studied matricellular proteins and their regulation by hypoxia and redox signaling, as well as the pathological implications of such regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Matricellular proteins have complex regulatory functions and are modulated by hypoxia and redox signaling through diverse mechanisms, in some cases with controversial effects that can be cell or tissue specific and context dependent. Therefore, a better understanding of these regulatory processes would be of great benefit and will open new avenues of considerable therapeutic potential. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the specific molecular mechanisms that modulate matricellular proteins in pathological processes that involve hypoxia and redox signaling warrants additional consideration to harness the potential therapeutic value of these regulatory proteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 802-822.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Departmento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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23
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Ng CF, Frieboes HB. Model of vascular desmoplastic multispecies tumor growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 430:245-282. [PMID: 28529153 PMCID: PMC5614902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional nonlinear tumor growth model composed of heterogeneous cell types in a multicomponent-multispecies system, including viable, dead, healthy host, and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) tissue species. The model includes the capability for abnormal ECM dynamics noted in tumor development, as exemplified by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, including dense desmoplasia typically characterized by a significant increase of interstitial connective tissue. An elastic energy is implemented to provide elasticity to the connective tissue. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) are modeled as key contributors to this ECM remodeling. The tumor growth is driven by growth factors released by these stromal cells as well as by oxygen and glucose provided by blood vasculature which along with lymphatics are stimulated to proliferate in and around the tumor based on pro-angiogenic factors released by hypoxic tissue regions. Cellular metabolic processes are simulated, including respiration and glycolysis with lactate fermentation. The bicarbonate buffering system is included for cellular pH regulation. This model system may be of use to simulate the complex interactions between tumor and stromal cells as well as the associated ECM and vascular remodeling that typically characterize malignant cancers notorious for poor therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin F Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, KY 40208, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
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24
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Chan KKS, Leung CON, Wong CCL, Ho DWH, Chok KSH, Lai CL, Ng IOL, Lo RCL. Secretory Stanniocalcin 1 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of JNK signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:330-338. [PMID: 28688970 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment is well-characterized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Delineation of hypoxia-responsive events is an integral part to understand the pathogenesis of HCC. We studied the functional role and clinical relevance of Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1), a hypoxia-induced molecular target, in HCC. In our clinical cohort, STC1 transcript was up-regulated in HCC tumor tissues. Moreover, STC1 protein was detected in the sera of HCC patients. A higher serum STC1 level was correlated with larger tumor size and poorer 5-year disease-free survival. Functionally, recombinant STC1 protein (rhSTC1) promoted cell migration and cell invasion in vitro; and the effect was abolished by co-treatment of anti-STC1 neutralizing antibody. By in vivo mouse model, silencing of STC1 in HCC cells downregulated secretory STC1 level and suppressed lung metastasis. Furthermore, we found that rhSTC1 activated the JNK pathway, as evidenced by altered expression of the key molecular targets pJNK and p-c-Jun. The functional effects conferred by rhSTC1 were abrogated by co-treatment of JNK inhibitor. In summary, secretory STC1 enhances metastatic potential of HCC via JNK signaling. It potentially serves as a prognostic serum biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycoproteins/blood
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Hypoxia
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Kwan-Shuen Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Oi-Ning Leung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Siu-Ho Chok
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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25
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Goda JS, Pachpor T, Basu T, Chopra S, Gota V. Targeting the AKT pathway: Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors as radiosensitizers. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:145-59. [PMID: 27121513 PMCID: PMC4859124 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular resistance in tumour cells to different therapeutic approaches has been a limiting factor in the curative treatment of cancer. Resistance to therapeutic radiation is a common phenomenon which significantly reduces treatment options and impacts survival. One of the mechanisms of acquiring resistance to ionizing radiation is the overexpression or activation of various oncogenes like the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), RAS (rat sarcoma) oncogene or loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) which in turn activates the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3-K)/AKT pathway responsible for radiation resistance in various tumours. Blocking the pathway enhances the radiation response both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the differential activation of this pathway (constitutively activated in tumour cells and not in the normal host cells), it is an excellent candidate target for molecular targeted therapy to enhance radiation sensitivity. In this regard, HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) known to interfere with PI3-K/AKT signaling in tumour cells, have been shown to sensitize various tumour cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, HPIs are now being investigated as possible radiosensitizers along with various chemotherapeutic drugs. This review describes the mechanisms by which PI3-K/AKT pathway causes radioresistance and the role of HIV protease inhibitors especially nelfinavir as a potential candidate drug to target the AKT pathway for overcoming radioresistance and its use in various clinical trials for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Clinical Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Advance Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
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26
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El-Shal AS, Zidan HE, Rashad NM, Wadea FM. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 expression 4 and their serum levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine 2017; 96:75-86. [PMID: 28371666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most common cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer causing death allover the world. The aim of this research to explore the clinical relevance of blood angiopoietin-like protein-3 (ANGPTL3) and ANGPTL4 expression and their proteins levels as non invasive biomarkers in cirrhotic and HCC patients and their influence on the clinicopathological features of HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS This work comprised 200 patients with chronic hepatitis (120 cases complicated with cirrhosis, 80 patients with primary HCC) and 100 controls. circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 expression was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL 4 expression was significantly elevated in HCC cases compared to chronic hepatitis patients and controls. There were much more serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 values in HCC and chronic hepatitis patients as compared to controls, but we couldn't detect this significance between chronic hepatitis and HCC cases as regards ANGPTL4. By Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, an increased ANGPTL3 expression, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum ANGPTL 3 levels, Child-Pugh grade were significantly assosciatedassociated with increased risk of HCC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ANGPTL 3 expression and AFP levels were the only pridectorspredictors of HCC (odd's ratio (OR)=8.9; 8.6 respectively, P=0.003). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) demonsterated that serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 levels were usufuluseful biomarkers discriminating chronic hepatitis cases from controls (AUC=0.820,0.887, respectively P<0.001). However, they fail to discriminate HCC patients from chronic hepatitis patients (P=0.27,0.12 respectively). Moreover, ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL 4 expression were promising biomarkers discriminating chronic hepatitis cases from controls and those HCC cases from chronic hepatitis patients (P<0.001). Combined ANGPTL3 expression and serum level wasn't useful in discriminating HCC patient from chronic hepatitis (P=0.09). In contrast, combined ANGPTL4 expression and serum level was an useful biomarker discriminating HCC cases from chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSION ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL 4 expression and serum levels can be promising non invasive biomarkers in diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and HCC especially their expression could be useful in discriminating HCC from chronic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Haidy E Zidan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fady M Wadea
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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27
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ZNF395 Is an Activator of a Subset of IFN-Stimulated Genes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1248201. [PMID: 28316371 PMCID: PMC5339479 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1248201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway in response to infection with pathogens results in the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) including proinflammatory cytokines, which mount the proper antiviral immune response. However, aberrant expression of these genes is pathogenic to the host. In addition to IFN-induced transcription factors non-IFN-regulated factors contribute to the transcriptional control of ISGs. Here, we show by genome wide expression analysis, siRNA-mediated suppression and Doxycycline-induced overexpression that the cellular transcription factor ZNF395 activates a subset of ISGs including the chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 in keratinocytes. We found that ZNF395 acts independently of IFN but enhances the IFN-induced expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11. Luciferase reporter assays revealed a requirement of intact NFκB-binding sites for ZNF395 to stimulate the CXCL10 promoter. The transcriptional activation of CXCL10 and CXCL11 by ZNF395 was abolished after inhibition of IKK by BMS-345541, which increased the stability of ZNF395. ZNF395 encodes at least two motifs that mediate the enhanced degradation of ZNF395 in response to IKK activation. Thus, IKK is required for ZNF395-mediated activation of transcription and enhances its turn-over to keep the activity of ZNF395 low. Our results support a previously unrecognized role of ZNF395 in the innate immune response and inflammation.
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28
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Moreno-Acosta P, Carrillo S, Gamboa O, Romero-Rojas A, Acosta J, Molano M, Balart-Serra J, Cotes M, Rancoule C, Magné N. Novel predictive biomarkers for cervical cancer prognosis. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:792-796. [PMID: 28101358 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High hypoxic, glycolytic and acidosis metabolisms characterize cervical cancer tumors and have been described to be involved in chemoradioresistance mechanisms. Based on these observations, the present study assessed four selected novel biomarkers on the prognosis of locally advanced cervical carcinoma. A total of 66 patients with stage IIB/IIIB cervical cancer were retrospectively included. The protein expression levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) and hexokinase 1 (HKII) were investigated by immunohistochemistry on tumor biopsies, hemoglobin was measured and the disease outcome was monitored. A total of 53 patients (80.3%) presented a complete response. For these patients, the protein expression levels of GLUT1, CAIX and HKII were overexpressed. A significant difference was observed (P=0.0127) for hemoglobin levels (≤11 g/dl) in responsive compared with non-responsive patients. The expression of GLUT1 is associated with a lower rate of both overall and disease-free survival, with a trend of decreased risk of 1.1x and 1.5x, respectively. Co-expression of GLUT1 and HKII is associated with a decreased trend risk of 1.6x for overall survival. Patients with hemoglobin levels ≤11 g/dl had a 4.3-fold risk (P=0.02) in decreasing both to the rate of overall and disease-free survival. The presence of anemic hypoxia (hemoglobin ≤11 g/dl) and the expression of GLUT1 and/or HKII influence treatment response and are associated with a lower overall and disease-free survival. The present results demonstrated that these biomarkers may be used as predictive markers and suggested that these metabolic pathways can be used as potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Moreno-Acosta
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Celular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Schyrly Carrillo
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, Research Group in Radiobiology Clinical, Molecular and Celular, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Gamboa
- Analysis Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jinneth Acosta
- Pathology Group, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Monica Molano
- Microbiology and Infection Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Martha Cotes
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chloé Rancoule
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, Saint Priest En Jarez, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, Saint Priest En Jarez, France; Laboratory of Radiobiology, EMR3738, Faculty of Medicine Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
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29
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Cho Y, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Kim CY, Yoon JH. Hypoxia Enhances Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk that Drives the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2568-77. [PMID: 27074919 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia, a common feature of advanced HCC, has been shown to modulate the evolution of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on tumor-stroma crosstalk in HCC. METHODS Human HCC cell lines (Huh-BAT, SNU-475) were cocultured with an activated human hepatic stellate cell line (HSCs; LX-2) under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cell growth was evaluated with the MTS assay. Apoptotic signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblot analysis. Expression of CD31 and phosphorylated (p-) Akt in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Coculturing HCC cells with HSCs under hypoxic conditions enhanced their proliferation, migration, and resistance to bile acid (BA)-induced apoptosis compared to coculturing under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxia, of various HSC-derived growth factors, PDGF-BB was the most up-regulated, leading to the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in HCC cells. Immunohistochemical study also revealed that p-Akt was highly expressed in hypoxic, hypovascular HCC as compared to hypervascular HCC. Neutralizing antisera to PDGF-BB or a PI3K inhibitor attenuated the proliferation of HCC cells cocultured with HSCs, and sensitized HCC cells to BA-induced apoptosis, especially under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hypoxic HSC-derived PDGF-BB stimulates the proliferation of HCC cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, while the inhibition of PDGF-BB or PI3K/Akt pathways enhances apoptotic cell death. Targeting tumor-stroma crosstalk might be a novel therapy in the management of human HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Steele CW, Karim SA, Leach JDG, Bailey P, Upstill-Goddard R, Rishi L, Foth M, Bryson S, McDaid K, Wilson Z, Eberlein C, Candido JB, Clarke M, Nixon C, Connelly J, Jamieson N, Carter CR, Balkwill F, Chang DK, Evans TRJ, Strathdee D, Biankin AV, Nibbs RJB, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Morton JP. CXCR2 Inhibition Profoundly Suppresses Metastases and Augments Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:832-845. [PMID: 27265504 PMCID: PMC4912354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CXCR2 has been suggested to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive properties. Here we show that CXCR2 signaling is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer, predominantly in neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but rarely in tumor cells. Genetic ablation or inhibition of CXCR2 abrogated metastasis, but only inhibition slowed tumorigenesis. Depletion of neutrophils/myeloid-derived suppressor cells also suppressed metastasis suggesting a key role for CXCR2 in establishing and maintaining the metastatic niche. Importantly, loss or inhibition of CXCR2 improved T cell entry, and combined inhibition of CXCR2 and PD1 in mice with established disease significantly extended survival. We show that CXCR2 signaling in the myeloid compartment can promote pancreatic tumorigenesis and is required for pancreatic cancer metastasis, making it an excellent therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Small Molecule Libraries/administration & dosage
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Survival Analysis
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Loveena Rishi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mona Foth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen McDaid
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Zena Wilson
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Juliana B Candido
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Connelly
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - T R Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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31
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Nanoparticles for Targeting Intratumoral Hypoxia: Exploiting a Potential Weakness of Glioblastoma. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2059-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Several oxygen-dependent factors, e.g., CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) or phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) interacting with the CXCR4/SDF1 axis (chemokine receptor 4/stromal cell derived factor 1) have been shown to be involved in processes of tumour pathology including tumourigenicity, tumour cell dissemination and poor survival in several solid tumour entities. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of the hypoxia-inducible factors CAIX and PGK1 on progression of neuroblastoma and to evaluate the clinical relevance of possible therapeutic approaches. METHODS Expression of hypoxia-dependent factors PGK1 and CAIX was examined in neuroblastoma specimen, was correlated with clinical parameters, and was studied in neuroblastoma cells. The impact of these hypoxic factors was evaluated by proliferation assays under targeted therapy. RESULTS Expression of hypoxia-dependent factors was found in 50 % of neuroblastoma specimen. In neuroblastoma cells, CAIX and PGK1 expression is up regulated under hypoxia and correlates with response to targeted anti-proliferative treatment. The negative impact on survival, although significant for both CAIX and PGk1, appears to be stronger for CAIX. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the hypoxic factors in the tumour`s microenvironment further the progression of tumour disease. This strengthens the perspectives for additive novel therapeutic approaches targeting hypoxia-dependent factors in this childhood disease.
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Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a clinically relevant cause of radiation resistance. Direct measurements of tumor oxygenation have been performed predominantly with the Eppendorf histograph and these have defined the reduced prognosis after radiotherapy in poorly oxygenated tumors, especially head-and-neck cancer, cervix cancer and sarcoma. Exogenous markers have been used for immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic tumor areas (pimonidazole) or for positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging (misonidazole). Overexpression of hypoxia-related proteins such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has also been linked to poor prognosis after radiotherapy and such proteins are considered as potential endogenous hypoxia markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Vordermark
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sandt C, Nadaradjane C, Richards R, Dumas P, Sée V. Use of infrared microspectroscopy to elucidate a specific chemical signature associated with hypoxia levels found in glioblastoma. Analyst 2016; 141:870-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the chemical signature associated with hypoxia in single glioblastoma cells by synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Céline Nadaradjane
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Rosalie Richards
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Paul Dumas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - Violaine Sée
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Integrative Biology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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35
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Nishi H, Sasaki T, Nagamitsu Y, Terauchi F, Nagai T, Nagao T, Isaka K. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates upregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor gene transcription during hypoxia in cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:992-8. [PMID: 26718775 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs during development of cervical cancer and is considered to correlate with its invasion. Hypoxia mediates tumor cells to have more invasive property in a variety of cancers. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) which mediates invasion is considered to be induced by hypoxia. We sought to determine the regulators of uPAR expression during hypoxia in cervical cancer. We showed that cervical cancer cell lines, CaSki and CA, were more invasive under hypoxic condition (1% O2) than under normoxic condition (20% O2) by invasion assays. Using western blot analysis, hypoxia enhanced the endogenous hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and uPAR protein expression. uPAR mRNA level was also upregulated by hypoxia using real-time RT-PCR. Overexpression of HIF-1α which is induced by hypoxia activated the transcriptional activity of the uPAR promoter by luciferase assays. HIF-1 protein bound the putative HIF-1 response element on the uPAR promoter using electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, and additional luciferase assays show that this is essential for uPAR transactivation by HIF-1. HIF-1 overexpression enhanced the endogenous uPAR expression and introduction of siRNA for HIF-1α diminishes uPAR expression during hypoxia. These results indicate the upregulation of uPAR by hypoxia in cervical cancer cells is mediated through HIF-1. In cervical cancer tissues, we also demonstrated that uPAR protein expression was detected in cervical cancer but not in normal cervix or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by immunohistopathological staining. Our results provide evidence that regulation of uPAR expression by HIF-1 represents a mechanism for cervical cancer invasion during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nagamitsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Terauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Womeldorff M, Gillespie D, Jensen RL. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and associated upstream and downstream proteins in the pathophysiology and management of glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E8. [PMID: 25581937 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an exceptionally poor patient outcome despite aggressive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This aggressive phenotype may be associated with intratumoral hypoxia, which probably plays a key role in GBM tumor growth, development, and angiogenesis. A key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia is the protein hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1). An examination of upstream hypoxic and nonhypoxic regulation of HIF-1 as well as a review of the downstream HIF-1– regulated proteins may provide further insight into the role of this transcription factor in GBM pathophysiology. Recent insights into upstream regulators that intimately interact with HIF-1 could provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this tumor. The same is potentially true for HIF-1–mediated pathways of glycolysis-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-promoting proteins. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between HIF-1, its upstream protein regulators, and its downstream transcribed genes in GBM pathogenesis could provide future treatment options for the care of patients with these tumors.
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The Transcription Factor ZNF395 Is Required for the Maximal Hypoxic Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in U87-MG Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:804264. [PMID: 26229239 PMCID: PMC4502306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/804264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia activates the expression of proangiogenic and survival promoting factors as well as proinflammatory cytokines that support tissue inflammation. Hypoxia and inflammation are associated with tumor progression. The identification of the factors participating in the hypoxia associated inflammation is essential to develop strategies to control tumor hypoxia. The transcription factor ZNF395 was found to be overexpressed in various tumors including glioblastomas particularly in the network of a hypoxic response pointing to a functional role of ZNF395. On the other hand, ZNF395 was suggested to have tumor suppressor activities which may rely on its repression of proinflammatory factors. To address these conflictive observations, we investigated the role of ZNF395 in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the astrocytoma cell line U87-MG under hypoxia. We show that ZNF395 is a target gene of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α. By gene expression analysis, RT-PCR and ELISA, we demonstrated that the siRNA-mediated suppression of ZNF395 impairs the hypoxic induction of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and LIF in U87-MG cells. At ambient oxygen concentrations, ZNF395 had no enhancing effect, indicating that this transcriptional activation by ZNF395 is restricted to hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that ZNF395 contributes to hypoxia associated inflammation by superactivating proinflammatory cytokines.
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38
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Sanzey M, Abdul Rahim SA, Oudin A, Dirkse A, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Herold-Mende C, Bjerkvig R, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Comprehensive analysis of glycolytic enzymes as therapeutic targets in the treatment of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123544. [PMID: 25932951 PMCID: PMC4416792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major efforts have been put in anti-angiogenic treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive and highly vascularized brain tumor with dismal prognosis. However clinical outcome with anti-angiogenic agents has been disappointing and tumors quickly develop escape mechanisms. In preclinical GBM models we have recently shown that bevacizumab, a blocking antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, induces hypoxia in treated tumors, which is accompanied by increased glycolytic activity and tumor invasiveness. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of patient derived GBM cells including stem cell lines revealed a strong up-regulation of glycolysis-related genes in response to severe hypoxia. We therefore investigated the importance of glycolytic enzymes in GBM adaptation and survival under hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that shRNA-mediated attenuation of glycolytic enzyme expression interfered with GBM growth under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in all cellular models. Using intracranial GBM xenografts we identified seven glycolytic genes whose knockdown led to a dramatic survival benefit in mice. The most drastic effect was observed for PFKP (PFK1, +21.8%) and PDK1 (+20.9%), followed by PGAM1 and ENO1 (+14.5% each), HK2 (+11.8%), ALDOA (+10.9%) and ENO2 (+7.2%). The increase in mouse survival after genetic interference was confirmed using chemical inhibition of PFK1 with clotrimazole. We thus provide a comprehensive analysis on the importance of the glycolytic pathway for GBM growth in vivo and propose PFK1 and PDK1 as the most promising therapeutic targets to address the metabolic escape mechanisms of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Sanzey
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Siti Aminah Abdul Rahim
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anais Oudin
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Dirkse
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- KG Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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39
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Interplay between receptor tyrosine kinases and hypoxia signaling in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Regional Ischemic Immune Myopathy: A Paraneoplastic Dermatomyopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:1126-33. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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41
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Massarweh S, Moss J, Wang C, Romond E, Slone S, Weiss H, Karabakhtsian RG, Napier D, Black EP. Impact of adding the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib to endocrine therapy in metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:2435-48. [PMID: 24826798 PMCID: PMC5527710 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting growth factor and survival pathways may delay endocrine-resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS A pilot Phase II study adding sorafenib to endocrine therapy in 11 patients with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was conducted. Primary end point was response by RECIST after 3 months of sorafenib. Secondary end points included safety, time to progression and biomarker modulation. The study closed early owing to slow accrual. RESULTS Eight out of 11 patients had progressive disease on study entry and three had stable disease. Of the ten evaluable patients, seven experienced stable disease (70%) and three experienced progressive diseas (30%), with a median time to progression of 6.1 months (8.4 months in the seven patients on tamoxifen). The serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in VEGF receptor 2 and PDGF receptor-α. Microarray analysis identified 32 suppressed genes, no induced genes and 29 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. CONCLUSION The strategy of adding a targeted agent to endocrine therapy upon resistance may be worthwhile testing in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Massarweh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jessica Moss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Edward Romond
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Stacey Slone
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Heidi Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Dana Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Esther P Black
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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42
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Gillespie DL, Aguirre MT, Ravichandran S, Leishman LL, Berrondo C, Gamboa JT, Wang L, King R, Wang X, Tan M, Malamas A, Lu ZR, Jensen RL. RNA interference targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α via a novel multifunctional surfactant attenuates glioma growth in an intracranial mouse model. J Neurosurg 2014; 122:331-41. [PMID: 25423275 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns132363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT High-grade gliomas are the most common form of adult brain cancer, and patients have a dismal survival rate despite aggressive therapeutic measures. Intratumoral hypoxia is thought to be a main contributor to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of these tumors. Because hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the major mediator of hypoxia-regulated cellular control, inhibition of this transcription factor may reduce glioblastoma growth. METHODS Using an orthotopic mouse model with U87-LucNeo cells, the authors used RNA interference to knock down HIF-1α in vivo. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) was packaged using a novel multifunctional surfactant, 1-(aminoethyl) iminobis[N-(oleicylcysteinylhistinyl-1-aminoethyl)propionamide] (EHCO), a nucleic acid carrier that facilitates cellular uptake and intracellular release of siRNA. Stereotactic injection was used to deliver siRNA locally through a guide-screw system, and delivery/uptake was verified by imaging of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Osmotic pumps were used for extended siRNA delivery to model a commonly used human intracranial drug-delivery technique, convection-enhanced delivery. RESULTS Mice receiving daily siRNA injections targeting HIF-1α had a 79% lower tumor volume after 50 days of treatment than the controls. Levels of the HIF-1 transcriptional targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), c-MET, and carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) and markers for cell growth (MIB-1 and microvascular density) were also significantly lower. Altering the carrier EHCO by adding polyethylene glycol significantly increased the efficacy of drug delivery and subsequent survival. CONCLUSIONS Treating glioblastoma with siRNA targeting HIF-1α in vivo can significantly reduce tumor growth and increase survival in an intracranial mouse model, a finding that has direct clinical implications.
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43
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Spugnini EP, Sonveaux P, Stock C, Perez-Sayans M, De Milito A, Avnet S, Garcìa AG, Harguindey S, Fais S. Proton channels and exchangers in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2715-26. [PMID: 25449995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is characterized by an intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, a totally deranged pH control is a common feature of most cancer histotypes. Major determinants of aberrant pH gradient in cancer are proton exchangers and transporters, including V-ATPase, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Thanks to the activity of these proton transporters and exchangers, cancer becomes isolated and/or protected not only from the body reaction against the growing tumor, but also from the vast majority of drugs that when protonated into the acidic tumor microenvironment do not enter into cancer cells. Proton transporters and exchangers represent a key feature tumor cells use to survive in the very hostile microenvironmental conditions that they create and maintain. Detoxifying mechanisms may thus represent both a key survival option and a selection outcome for cells that behave as unicellular microorganisms rather than belonging to an organ, compartment or body. It is, in fact, typical of malignant tumors that, after a clinically measurable yet transient initial response to a therapy, resistant tumor clones emerge and proliferate, thus bursting a more malignant behavior and rapid tumor progression. This review critically presents the background of a novel and efficient approach that aims to fight cancer through blocking or inhibiting well characterized proton exchangers and transporters active in human cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pierluigi Spugnini
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Perez-Sayans
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Abel Garcìa Garcìa
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy.
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Mayer A, Schmidt M, Seeger A, Serras AF, Vaupel P, Schmidberger H. GLUT-1 expression is largely unrelated to both hypoxia and the Warburg phenotype in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:760. [PMID: 25306097 PMCID: PMC4210616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strongly increased uptake of glucose is a hallmark of solid malignant tumors. This phenotype can be triggered by hypoxia-induced gene expression changes or can occur independently of hypoxia as a consequence of malignant transformation itself, and is often referred to as the Warburg effect. The glycolytic phenotype has been associated with malignant progression and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Methods We have chosen squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (SCC-V) as a representative solid tumor entity to study the central players of this pathway, namely glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, hexokinase (HK)-2 and pyruvate kinase (PK)-M2, and have investigated their relationships to tumor microvessels (CD34, αSMA) and proliferation (Ki67). Expression of these proteins was analyzed in 38 SCC-Vs, 5 vulvar dysplasias and 10 non-neoplastic squamous epithelia of the vulva using multiparametric immunohistochemistry in registered serial sections (MIRSS). Results Expression of GLUT-1 in invasive carcinomas was predominantly located in the outer layers of the tumor cell aggregates close to the vascularized tumor stroma, and only to a lesser extent colocalized with CA IX, which was repeatedly found at larger diffusion distances away from microvessels. CA IX expression was lower in invasive carcinomas compared to dysplasias and non-neoplastic tissue and higher in recurrent vs. primary tumors. Ki67-positive proliferating cells were partially colocalized with GLUT-1. However, HK-2 and PK-2 - proteins centrally involved in the Warburg phenotype - did not show such a correlation. Conclusions Consistent with prior studies, the pattern of GLUT-1 clearly indicated that a large part of its expression is presumably unrelated to hypoxia. However, there was also no association with HK-2 and PK-M2, suggesting that the functional background of this expression is also independent of aerobic glycolysis. CA IX may be worth consideration as a marker of biological hypoxia, as should its pathophysiological consequences in SCC-V. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-760) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulf Mayer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Johnson MA, Firth SM. IGFBP-3: a cell fate pivot in cancer and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:164-173. [PMID: 24953254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks in the advancement of cancer cells is an ability to overcome and acquire resistance to adverse conditions. There has been a large amount of cancer research on IGFBP-3 as a pro-apoptotic molecule in vitro. These pro-apoptotic properties, however, do not correlate with several studies linking high IGFBP-3 levels in breast cancer tissue to rapid growth and poor prognosis. Evidence is emerging that IGFBP-3 also exhibits pro-survival and growth-promoting properties in vitro. How IGFBP-3 pivots cell fate to either death or survival, it seems, comes down to a complex interplay between cells' microenvironments and the presence of cellular IGFBP-3 binding partners and growth factor receptors. The cytoprotective actions of IGFBP-3 are not restricted to cancer but are also observed in other disease states, such as retinopathy and brain ischaemia. Here we review the literature on this paradoxical nature of IGFBP-3, its pro-apoptotic and growth-inhibitory actions versus its cytoprotective and growth-potentiating properties, and discuss the implications of targeting IGFBP-3 for treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Johnson
- Hormones and Cancer, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sue M Firth
- Hormones and Cancer, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Kim HJ, Bae SB, Jeong D, Kim ES, Kim CN, Park DG, Ahn TS, Cho SW, Shin EJ, Lee MS, Baek MJ. Upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor 1α expression is associated with the resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer: angiogenic markers of neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2493-500. [PMID: 25241658 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to achieve pathologic downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is correlated with improved survival in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, there is no effective predictive markers. In this study, the expression of angiogenic markers was evaluated in pre-treatment biopsies and corresponding post-treatment resection specimens, and were correlated to histopathological tumour characteristics and response. Fifty-five patients with stage II/III rectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based NCRT were studied. All patients were administered NCRT followed by surgical resection. Immunohistochemical staining for angiogenic markers [hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell‑derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and placental growth factor (PlGF)] was performed on specimens obtained before NCRT and after surgery. Expression of VEGF, PlGF and HIF-1α protein was downregulated after NCRT in the rectal cancer tissues (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.044, respectively). However, SDF-1α was upregulated after NCRT (P<0.001). Moreover, upregulated expression of SDF-1α (P=0.016) and positive PlGF staining (P=0.001) after NCRT were significantly associated with resistance to NCRT. On multivariate analysis, positive PlGF staining after NCRT was found to be independently associated with resistance to NCRT (P=0.013). Our data suggest that SDF-1α and PlGF should be evaluated as new targets for NCRT in LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Byung Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seog Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Kim
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Guk Park
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Soo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhayng University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Olbryt M, Habryka A, Student S, Jarząb M, Tyszkiewicz T, Lisowska KM. Global gene expression profiling in three tumor cell lines subjected to experimental cycling and chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105104. [PMID: 25122487 PMCID: PMC4133353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most important features of the tumor microenvironment, exerting an adverse effect on tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Two types of hypoxia may occur within the tumor mass, chronic (prolonged) and cycling (transient, intermittent) hypoxia. Cycling hypoxia has been shown to induce aggressive tumor cell phenotype and radioresistance more significantly than chronic hypoxia, though little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to delineate the molecular response to both types of hypoxia induced experimentally in tumor cells, with a focus on cycling hypoxia. We analyzed in vitro gene expression profile in three human cancer cell lines (melanoma, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer) exposed to experimental chronic or transient hypoxia conditions. As expected, the cell-type specific variability in response to hypoxia was significant. However, the expression of 240 probe sets was altered in all 3 cell lines. We found that gene expression profiles induced by both types of hypoxia were qualitatively similar and strongly depend on the cell type. Cycling hypoxia altered the expression of fewer genes than chronic hypoxia (6,132 vs. 8,635 probe sets, FDR adjusted p<0.05), and with lower fold changes. However, the expression of some of these genes was significantly more affected by cycling hypoxia than by prolonged hypoxia, such as IL8, PLAU, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway-related genes (AREG, HBEGF, and EPHA2). These transcripts were, in most cases, validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results indicate that experimental cycling hypoxia exerts similar, although less intense effects, on the examined cancer cell lines than its chronic counterpart. Nonetheless, we identified genes and molecular pathways that seem to be preferentially regulated by cyclic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olbryt
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Habryka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Michał Jarząb
- III Department of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tyszkiewicz
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marta Lisowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Wnt pathway activation increases hypoxia tolerance during development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103292. [PMID: 25093834 PMCID: PMC4122365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia, defined as a condition of inadequate oxygen supply, has enabled humans to successfully colonize high altitude regions. The mechanisms attempted by organisms to cope with short-term hypoxia include increased ATP production via anaerobic respiration and stabilization of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α). However, less is known about the means through which populations adapt to chronic hypoxia during the process of development within a life time or over generations. Here we show that signaling via the highly conserved Wnt pathway impacts the ability of Drosophila melanogaster to complete its life cycle under hypoxia. We identify this pathway through analyses of genome sequencing and gene expression of a Drosophila melanogaster population adapted over >180 generations to tolerate a concentration of 3.5-4% O2 in air. We then show that genetic activation of the Wnt canonical pathway leads to increased rates of adult eclosion in low O2. Our results indicate that a previously unsuspected major developmental pathway, Wnt, plays a significant role in hypoxia tolerance.
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Sun Y, Long J, Zhou Y. Angiopoietin-like 4 promotes melanoma cell invasion and survival through aldolase A. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:211-217. [PMID: 24959248 PMCID: PMC4063564 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the association between angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and aldolase A (ALDOA) in human melanoma cell invasion and survival was investigated. Overexpression and knockdown of ANGPTL4 were respectively performed in WM-115 and WM-266-4 cells. ALDOA expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels as well as the ALDOA gene promoter activities were increased and decreased in parallel with overexpression and knockdown of ANGPTL4 in the melanoma cells, which was blocked by selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and restored by PKC agonist, respectively. ANGPTL4 overexpression significantly increased cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and decreased cell apoptosis against cisplatin in WM-115 cells, which was reversed by knocking down ALDOA. In WM-266-4 cells, knockdown of ANGPTL4 decreased cell invasion and MMP-2 expression and increased cell apoptosis against cisplatin, which was reversed by overexpression of ALDOA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ANGPTL4 upregulates ALDOA expression in human melanoma cells at the ALDOA gene promoter/transcriptional level through a PKC-dependent mechanism, and that ALDOA is a critical mediator of the promoting effect of ANGPTL4 on melanoma cell invasion, likely through upregulating the MMP-2 expression. Additionally, our results suggest that ALDOA plays an important role in ANGPTL4-enhanced melanoma cell survival against apoptotic stress, which implicates ANGPTL4 and ALDOA in the development of melanoma chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Long
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Kim Y, Choi JW, Lee JH, Kim YS. Loss of CDC14B expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: meta-analysis of microarray data sets. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 141:551-8. [PMID: 24619757 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp4pe4jpsrgbqs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discover significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that might be unidentified by single microarray analysis. METHODS The effect sizes of five ccRCC microarray data sets were combined using a random-effects model. The most downregulated gene was validated in paired 80 ccRCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CDC14B was the most downregulated gene among 1,761 DEGs. CDC14B was strongly expressed in the apical proximal tubules in the nonneoplastic tissues, while it was completely absent in 10 (12.5%) of 80 or downregulated in 70 (87.5%) of 80 ccRCC cases. The complete loss of CDC14B correlated with high T stage (P = .038), advanced TNM stage (P = .027), tumor recurrence (P = .038), and shorter recurrence-free survival (P = .046) compared with the partial loss of CDC14B. CONCLUSIONS Microarray meta-analysis is a useful tool for pathologists. CDC14B expression is downregulated in ccRCC, suggesting its role in renal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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