1
|
Malka R, Isaac A, Gonzales G, Miar S, Walters B, Baker A, Guda T, Dion GR. Changes in vocal fold gene expression and histology after injection augmentation in a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury model. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:196-202. [PMID: 37846168 PMCID: PMC10838396 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in neuroregenerative pathways with vocal fold denervation in response to vocal fold augmentation. METHODS Eighteen Yorkshire crossbreed swine underwent left recurrent laryngeal nerve transection, followed by observation or augmentation with carboxymethylcellulose or calcium hydroxyapatite at two weeks. Polymerase chain reaction expression of genes regulating muscle growth (MyoD1, MyoG and FoxO1) and atrophy (FBXO32) were analysed at 4 and 12 weeks post-injection. Thyroarytenoid neuromuscular junction density was quantified using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Denervated vocal folds demonstrated reduced expression of MyoD1, MyoG, FoxO1 and FBXO32, but overexpression after augmentation. Healthy vocal folds showed increased early and late MyoD1, MyoG, FoxO1 and FBXO32 expression in all animals. Neuromuscular junction density had a slower decline in augmented compared to untreated denervated vocal folds, and was significantly reduced in healthy vocal folds contralateral to augmentation. CONCLUSION Injection augmentation may slow neuromuscular degeneration pathways in denervated vocal folds and reduce compensatory remodelling in contralateral healthy vocal folds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Malka
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alisa Isaac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Gonzales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Solaleh Miar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Walters
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amelia Baker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory R Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Traditional histopathologic evaluation of peripheral nerve employs brightfield microscopy with diffraction limited resolution of ~ 250 nm. Though electron microscopy yields nanoscale resolution of the nervous system, sample preparation is costly and the technique is incompatible with living samples. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a set of imaging techniques that permit nanoscale resolution of fluorescent objects using visible light. The advent of SRM has transformed biomedical science in establishing non-toxic means for investigation of nanoscale cellular structures. Herein, sciatic nerve sections from GFP-variant expressing mice, and regenerating human nerve from cross-facial autografts labelled with a myelin-specific fluorescent dye were imaged by super-resolution radial fluctuation microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and structured illumination microscopy. Super-resolution imaging of axial cryosections of murine sciatic nerves yielded robust visualization myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Super-resolution imaging of axial cryosections of human cross-facial nerve grafts demonstrated enhanced resolution of small-caliber thinly-myelinated regenerating motor axons. Resolution and contrast enhancement afforded by super-resolution imaging techniques enables visualization of unmyelinated axons, regenerating axons, cytoskeleton ultrastructure, and neuronal appendages of mammalian peripheral nerves using light microscopes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández IC, Mohan S, Jowett N. Automated Stain-Free Histomorphometry of Peripheral Nerve by Contrast-Enhancing Techniques and Artificial Intelligence. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 375:109598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Trigeminal anesthesia causes neurotrophic keratopathy, which may yield facial disfigurement and corneal blindness. RECENT FINDINGS We summarize approaches and evidence for corneal neurotization. SUMMARY Regional sensory nerve transfer appears safe and effective for therapeutic management of neurotrophic keratopathy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the utility of corneal neurotization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nate Jowett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
| | - Roberto Pineda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hain HS, Pandey R, Bakay M, Strenkowski BP, Harrington D, Romer M, Motley WW, Li J, Lancaster E, Roth L, Grinspan JB, Scherer SS, Hakonarson H. Inducible knockout of Clec16a in mice results in sensory neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9319. [PMID: 33927318 PMCID: PMC8084945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CLEC16A has been shown to play a role in autophagy/mitophagy processes. Additionally, genetic variants in CLEC16A have been implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases. We generated an inducible whole-body knockout, Clec16aΔUBC mice, to investigate the loss of function of CLEC16A. The mice exhibited a neuronal phenotype including tremors and impaired gait that rapidly progressed to dystonic postures. Nerve conduction studies and pathological analysis revealed loss of sensory axons that are associated with this phenotype. Activated microglia and astrocytes were found in regions of the CNS. Several mitochondrial-related proteins were up- or down-regulated. Upregulation of interferon stimulated gene 15 (IGS15) were observed in neuronal tissues. CLEC16A expression inversely related to IGS15 expression. ISG15 may be the link between CLEC16A and downstream autoimmune, inflammatory processes. Our results demonstrate that a whole-body, inducible knockout of Clec16a in mice results in an inflammatory neurodegenerative phenotype resembling spinocerebellar ataxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Hain
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rahul Pandey
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bryan P Strenkowski
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Harrington
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Micah Romer
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William W Motley
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eunjoo Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lindsay Roth
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coto Hernández I, Yang W, Mohan S, Jowett N. Label-free histomorphometry of peripheral nerve by stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:137-142. [PMID: 32304246 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional processing of nerve for histomorphometry is resource-intensive, precluding use in intraoperative assessment of nerve quality during nerve transfer procedures. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label-free technique that enables rapid and high-resolution histology. METHODS Segments of healthy murine sciatic nerve, healthy human obturator nerve, and human cross-facial nerve autografts were imaged on a custom SRS microscope. Myelinated axon quantification was performed through segmentation using a random forest machine learning algorithm in commercial software. RESULTS High contrast, high-resolution imaging of nerve morphology was obtained with SRS imaging. Automated myelinated axon quantification from cross-sections of healthy human nerve imaged using SRS was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate the use of a label-free technique for rapid imaging of murine and human peripheral nerve cryosections. We illustrate the potential of this technique to inform intraoperative decision-making through rapid automated quantification of myelinated axons using a machine learning algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Coto Hernández
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suresh Mohan
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|