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Okyar A, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Surme S, Pala Kara Z, Kavakli IH. The role of the circadian timing system on drug metabolism and detoxification: an update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38753451 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2356167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 24-hour variations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, collectively known as pharmacokinetics, are fundamentally influenced by rhythmic physiological processes regulated by the molecular clock. Recent advances have elucidated the intricacies of the circadian timing system and the molecular interplay between biological clocks, enzymes and transporters in preclinical level. AREA COVERED Circadian rhythm of the drug metabolizing enzymes and carrier efflux functions possess a major role for drug metabolism and detoxification. The efflux and metabolism function of intestines and liver seems important. The investigations revealed that the ABC and SLC transporter families, along with cytochrome p-450 systems in the intestine, liver, and kidney, play a dominant role in the circadian detoxification of drugs. Additionally, the circadian control of efflux by the blood-brain barrier is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The influence of the circadian timing system on drug pharmacokinetics significantly impacts the efficacy, adverse effects, and toxicity profiles of various drugs. Moreover, the emergence of sex-related circadian changes in the metabolism and detoxification processes has underscored the importance of considering gender-specific differences in drug tolerability and pharmacology. A better understanding of coupling between central clock and circadian metabolism/transport contributes to the development of more rational drug utilization and the implementation of chronotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saliha Surme
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - I Halil Kavakli
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Zhang T, Zhuang S, Yu Y, Fan Z, Ren X. Association of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1086. [PMID: 38641623 PMCID: PMC11027405 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, it is still largely unknown whether the proportion of calcium intake at breakfast and dinner is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with CVD in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS The study population consisted of 36,164 US adults (including 4,040 CVD cases) from the NHANES 2003 to 2018. According to the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner/breakfast), 36,164 participants were divided into five groups. After adjustment for a series of confounder factors, logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between Δ and CVD. Dietary substitution models were used to explore the changes in CVD risk when a 5% dietary calcium intake at dinner was substituted with dietary calcium intake at breakfast. RESULTS Compared with participants in the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile were more likely to have CVD, with an adjusted OR of CVD of 1.16 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.31). When the total calcium intake remained constant, replacing a 5% dietary calcium intake at dinner with dietary calcium intake at breakfast was associated with a 6% lower risk of CVD. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the lowest quintile of Δ, participants in the highest quintile of Δ were likely to experience CVD in the general population. It is necessary to scientifically allocate dietary calcium intake at breakfast and dinner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Specialty, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Zhuang
- Preventive Medicine Specialty, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Preventive Medicine Specialty, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zizhuo Fan
- Preventive Medicine Specialty, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- Experimental Center for Preventive Medicine Teaching, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.
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Kuo LT, Lu HY, Chen YH. Traumatic brain injury-induced disruption of the circadian clock. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:403-414. [PMID: 38285094 PMCID: PMC10879350 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been reported in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the rhythmic expression of circadian genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) following TBI has not yet been studied. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of period 1 (Per1), Per2, Per3, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), Cry2, brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1), and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) was quantified in PBLs from sham-operated rats and rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) over a 48-h period. The rectal temperature of the animals was measured every 4 h over 2 days. The mesor, rhythm, amplitude, and acrophase were estimated using cosinor analysis. Cosinor analysis revealed that Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNAs were rhythmically expressed in the PBLs of sham-operated rats. In contrast, fluctuations in rhythmic expression were not observed following ASDH. The rectal temperature of sham-operated rats also exhibited rhythmicity. ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm, a diminished amplitude, and an acrophase shift. TBI with ASDH results in dysregulated expression of some circadian genes and changes in body temperature rhythm. Further research is required to understand the pathophysiology of altered circadian networks following TBI. KEY MESSAGES: First to investigate the mRNA expression of circadian genes in PBLs of ASDH rats. ASDH rats had disrupted rhythmicity of Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNA expression. Cosinor analysis showed that ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 640, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chun-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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Zhao H, Han G, Jiang Z, Gao D, Zhang H, Yang L, Ma T, Gao L, Wang A, Chao HW, Li Q, Jin Y, Chen H. Identification of BMAL1-Regulated circadian genes in mouse liver and their potential association with hepatocellular carcinoma: Gys2 and Upp2 as promising candidates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149422. [PMID: 38183795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Identification and functional analysis of key genes regulated by the circadian clock system will provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which circadian clock disruption impairs the health of living organisms. The initial phase involved bioinformatics analysis, drawing insights from three RNA-seq datasets (GSE184303, GSE114400, and GSE199061) derived from wild-type mouse liver tissues, which encompassed six distinct time points across a day. As expected, 536 overlapping genes exhibiting rhythmic expression patterns were identified. By intersecting these genes with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) originating from liver RNA-seq data at two representative time points (circadian time, CT: CT2 and CT14) in global Bmal1 knockout mice (Bmal1-/-), hepatocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout mice (L-Bmal1-/-), and their corresponding control groups, 80 genes potentially regulated by BMAL1 (referred to as BMAL1-regulated genes, BRGs) were identified. These genes were significantly enriched in glycolipid metabolism, immune response, and tumorigenesis pathways. Eight BRGs (Nr1d1, Cry1, Gys2, Homer2, Serpina6, Slc2a2, Nmrk1, and Upp2) were selected to validate their expression patterns in both control and L-Bmal1-/- mice livers over 24 h. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated a comprehensive loss of rhythmic expression patterns in the eight selected BRGs in L-Bmal1-/- mice, in contrast to the discernible rhythmic patterns observed in the livers of control mice. Additionally, significant reductions in the expression levels of these selected BRGs, excluding Cry1, were also observed in L-Bmal1-/- mice livers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq (GSE13505 and GSE39860) and JASPAR analyses validated the rhythmic binding of BMAL1 to the promoter and intron regions of these genes. Moreover, the progression of conditions, from basic steatosis to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and eventual malignancy, demonstrated a continuous gradual decline in Bmal1 transcripts in the human liver. Combining the aforementioned BRGs with DEGs derived from human liver cancer datasets identified Gys2 and Upp2 as potential node genes bridging the circadian clock system and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, CCK8 and wound healing assays demonstrated that the overexpression of human GYS2 and UPP2 proteins inhibited the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, accompanied by elevated expression of p53, a tumor suppressor protein. In summary, this study systematically identified rhythmic genes in the mouse liver, and a subset of circadian genes potentially regulated by BMAL1. Two circadian genes, Gys2 and Upp2, have been proposed and validated as potential candidates for advancing the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guohao Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Dengke Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luda Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 11031, China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 11031, China; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Medical Experiment Centre, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Huang M, Wu Y, Li Y, Chen X, Feng J, Li Z, Li J, Chen J, Lu Y, Feng Y. Circadian clock-related genome-wide mendelian randomization identifies putatively genes for ulcerative colitis and its comorbidity. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:130. [PMID: 38302916 PMCID: PMC10832088 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm is crucial to the function of the immune system. Disorders of the circadian rhythm can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as Ulcerative colitis (UC). This Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis applies genetic tools to represent the aggregated statistical results of exposure to circadian rhythm disorders and UC and its comorbidities, allowing for causal inferences. METHODS Summary statistics of protein, DNA methylation and gene expression quantitative trait loci in individuals of European ancestry (pQTL, mQTL, and eQTL, respectively) were used. Genetic variants located within or near 152 circadian clock-related genes and closely related to circadian rhythm disorders were selected as instrumental variables. Causal relationships with UC and its comorbidities were then estimated through employed Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and Inverse-Variance-Weighted MR (IVW-MR). RESULTS Through preliminary SMR analysis, we identified a potential causal relationship between circadian clock-related genes and UC along with its comorbidities, which was further confirmed by IVW-MR analysis. Our study identified strong evidence of positive correlation involving seven overlapping genes (CSNK1E, OPRL1, PIWIL2, RORC, MAX, PPP5C, and AANAT) through MWAS and TWAS in UC, four overlapping genes (OPRL1, CHRNB2, FBXL17, and SIRT1) in UC with PSC, and three overlapping genes (ARNTL, USP7, and KRAS) in UC with arthropathy. CONCLUSIONS This SMR study demonstrates the causal effect of circadian rhythm disorders in UC and its comorbidities. Furthermore, our investigation pinpointed candidate genes that could potentially serve as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfen Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieni Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuming Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiankun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
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Ma L, Yu F, He D, Guo L, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang T. Role of circadian clock in the chronoefficacy and chronotoxicity of clopidogrel. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2973-2988. [PMID: 37403641 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) in regulating drug chronoefficacy and chronotoxicity remains elusive. Here, we aimed to uncover the impact of CLOCK and dosing time on clopidogrel efficacy and toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antiplatelet effect, toxicity and pharmacokinetics experiments were conducted with Clock-/- mice and wild-type mice, after gavage administration of clopidogrel at different circadian time points. The expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Transcriptional gene regulation was investigated using luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. KEY RESULTS The antiplatelet effect and toxicity of clopidogrel in wild-type mice showed a dosing time-dependent variation. Clock ablation reduced the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel, but increased clopidogrel-induced hepatotoxicity, with attenuated rhythms of clopidogrel active metabolite (Clop-AM) and clopidogrel, respectively. We found that Clock regulated the diurnal variation of Clop-AM formation by modulating the rhythmic expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1, and altered clopidogrel chronopharmacokinetics by regulation of CES1D expression. Mechanistic studies revealed that CLOCK activated Cyp1a2 and Ces1d transcription by directly binding to the enhancer box (E-box) elements in their promoters, and promoted Cyp3a11 transcription through enhancing the transactivation activity of albumin D-site-binding protein (DBP) and thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CLOCK regulates the diurnal rhythmicity in clopidogrel efficacy and toxicity through regulation of CYP1A2, CYP3A11 and CES1D expression. These findings may contribute to optimizing dosing schedules for clopidogrel and may deepen understanding of the circadian clock and chronopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangchun Li
- The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao W, Mao L, He C, Ding D, Hu N, Song X, Long D. Effects of low dose radiation on behavior rhythm of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114779. [PMID: 36924557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythm refers to the internal regulation of various life activities of an organism, which are determined by the specific time structure sequences of each individual. Behavior rhythm is the most intuitive embodiment of biological rhythm. To study the effect of low dose radiation on behavioral rhythm, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism in this study. The early embryos of zebrafish were irradiated at doses of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 Gy to observe the changes in zebrafish development, circadian rhythm, key clock genes, related RNA and protein expression, and melatonin. The results revealed that 0.1 and 1 Gy radiation could lead to different degrees of telencephalic nerve cell apoptosis and the formation of vacuolar structures. 0.1 and 1 Gy radiation could reduce the hatching rate of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf and delay embryo hatching. The analysis of circadian behavior at 120 hpf demonstrated that 1 Gy dose of radiation altered the circadian rhythm of zebrafish, as well as decreased the distance, amplitude, and phase of movement. RT-PCR analysis of the key clock genes (bmal1b, clock1a, per1b, per2, cry2, and nr1d1) involved in regulating circadian rhythm was performed. The results showed that 1 Gy radiation could interfere with the expression of clock genes in zebrafish embryos and upregulate bmal1b, clock1a, and per1b. Western blot experiments further verified the protein expression of key clock genes, bmal1b and clock. Detection of melatonin secretion at different time points over 24 h showed that radiation doses of 0.1 and 1 Gy could increase melatonin secretion. Based on these findings, it is speculated that a certain dose of radiation may affect melatonin secretion, which impacts the telencephalon structure and ontogeny of zebrafish, delays hatching, and changes the circadian rhythm. This effect is thought to be achieved through upregulating the expression of circadian rhythm genes, clock1a and per1b and related proteins, which may be responsible for the abnormal circadian rhythm caused by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Liang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Chuqi He
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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Yu F, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhang T, Shi Y. Recent advances in circadian-regulated pharmacokinetics and its implications for chronotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115185. [PMID: 35902039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dependence of pharmacokinetics and drug effects (efficacy and toxicity) on dosing time has long been recognized. However, significant progress has only recently been made in our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation on drug pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity. This review will cover the relevant literature and a series of publications from our work summarizing the effects of circadian rhythms on drug pharmacokinetics, and propose that the influence of circadian rhythms on pharmacokinetics are ultimately translated into therapeutic effects and side effects of drugs. Evidence suggests that daily rhythmicity in expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters necessary for drug ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) are key factors determining circadian pharmacokinetics. Newly discovered mechanisms for circadian control of the enzymes and transporters are covered. We also discuss how the rhythms of drug-processing proteins are translated into circadian pharmacokinetics and drug chronoefficacy/chronotoxicity, which has direct implications for chronotherapy. More importantly, we will present perspectives on the challenges that are still needed for a breakthrough in translational research. In addition, knowledge of the circadian influence on drug disposition has provided new possibilities for novel pharmacological strategies. Careful application of pharmacokinetics-based chronotherapy strategies can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. Circadian rhythm-mediated metabolic and transport strategies can also be implemented to design drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Guo L, Zhang L, Xu H, Yu P, Wang Z, Lu D, Chen M, Wu B. Diurnal hepatic CYP3A11 contributes to chronotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in mice. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1019-1028. [PMID: 34311664 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1950867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Retrorsine (RTS) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (distributed in many medicinal plants) that has significant hepatotoxicity. Here, we aimed to determine the daily variations in RTS hepatotoxicity (chronotoxicity) in mice, and to investigate the role of metabolism in generating RTS chronotoxicity.2. Acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies were performed with mice after RTS administration at different times of the day. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring plasma ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) levels. mRNA and proteins were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Time-dependent in vitro metabolism of RTS was assessed by using mouse liver microsomes.3. We found that RTS toxicity was more severe in the dark phase (zeitgeber time 14 or ZT14 and ZT18) than in the light phase (ZT2 and ZT6). This chronotoxicity was associated with a dosing time difference in the systemic exposures of RTS and a pyrrolic ester metabolite (a cause of hepatotoxicity, measured by the levels of pyrrole-GSH conjugate and pyrrole-protein adducts due to a high chemical reactivity). Moreover, the CYP3A11 (a major enzyme for RTS bioactivation) inhibitor ketoconazole decreased the production of pyrrole-GSH conjugate and abrogated diurnal rhythm in RTS metabolism. In addition, E4bp4 (a circadian regulator of Cyp3a11) ablation abolished the rhythm of CYP3A11 expression and abrogated the dosing time-dependency of RTS toxicity.4. In conclusion, RTS chronotoxicity in mice was attributed to time-varying hepatic metabolism regulated by the circadian clock. Our findings have implications for reducing pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced toxicity via a chronotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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