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Cherif J, Raddaoui A, Trabelsi M, Souissi N. Diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation induces fluoroquinolone resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1971-1977. [PMID: 37436698 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The crisis of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to the overuse or misuse of these medications. However, exposure of bacteria to physical stresses such as X-ray radiation, can also lead to the development of resistance to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation on the bacterial response to antibiotics in two pathogenic bacteria, including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella enteritidis. METHODS The bacterial strains were exposed to diagnostic X-ray doses of 5 and 10 mGy, which are equivalent to the doses delivered to patients during conventional radiography X-ray examinations in accordance with the European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images. Following exposure to X-ray radiation, the samples were used to estimate bacterial growth dynamics and perform antibiotic susceptibility tests. RESULTS The results indicate that exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation increased the number of viable bacterial colonies of both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and caused a significant change in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. For instance, in Staphylococcus aureus, the diameter of the inhibition zones for marbofloxacin decreased from 29.66 mm before irradiation to 7 mm after irradiation. A significant decrease in the inhibition zone was also observed for penicillin. In the case of Salmonella enteritidis, the diameter of the inhibition zone for marbofloxacin was 29 mm in unexposed bacteria but decreased to 15.66 mm after exposure to 10 mGy of X-ray radiation. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the inhibition zone was detected for amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC). CONCLUSION It is concluded that exposure to diagnostic X-ray radiation can significantly alter bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. This irradiation decreased the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics. Specifically, low-dose X-rays made Staphylococcus aureus resistant to marbofloxacin and increased its resistance to penicillin. Similarly, Salmonella Enteritidis became resistant to both marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and showed reduced sensitivity to amoxicillin and AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouhra Cherif
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nada Souissi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Nagashima H, Hayashi Y, Tanimoto S, Sakamoto Y, Tauchi H. DOSE AND DOSE-RATE DEPENDENCE OF DSB-TYPE MUTANTS INDUCED BY X-RAYS OR TRITIUM BETA-RAYS: AN APPROACH USING A HYPERSENSITIVE SYSTEM. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1009-1013. [PMID: 36083726 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate biological effects triggered by low levels of radiation, we established a uniquely sensitive experimental system to detect somatic mutations. By using the system, we found that mutant frequencies induced by X-rays were statistically significant at doses over 0.15 Gy, and a linear dose relationship with the mutant frequency was observed at doses over 0.15 Gy. The mutation spectra analysis revealed that mutation events generated by X-ray doses below 0.1 Gy were similar to those observed in unirradiated controls. In addition, a significant inflection point for both, the mutant frequency and the mutation spectra, was found at dose-rates around 11 mGy/day when cells were cultured in medium containing tritiated water. Because induced radiation-type events presented a clear dose/dose-rate dependency above the critical dose or the inflection point, these observations suggest that mutation events generated by radiation could change at a threshold dose-rate or a critical dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nagashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Aomori 039-3213, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Saki Tanimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Nagashima H, Hayashi Y, Sakamoto Y, Komatsu K, Tauchi H. Induction of somatic mutations by low concentrations of tritiated water (HTO): evidence for the possible existence of a dose-rate threshold. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:582-589. [PMID: 33899106 PMCID: PMC8273808 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tritium is a low energy beta emitter and is discharged into the aquatic environment primarily in the form of tritiated water (HTO) from nuclear power plants or from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Although the biological effects of HTO exposures at significant doses or dose rates have been extensively studied, there are few reports concerning the biological effects of HTO exposures at very low dose rates. In the present study using a hyper-sensitive assay system, we investigated the dose rate effect of HTO on the induction of mutations. Confluent cell populations were exposed to HTO for a total dose of 0.2 Gy at dose rates between 4.9 mGy/day and 192 mGy/day by incubating cells in medium containing HTO. HTO-induced mutant frequencies and mutation spectra were then investigated. A significant inflection point for both the mutant frequency and mutation spectra was found between 11 mGy/day and 21.6 mGy/day. Mutation spectra analysis revealed that a mechanistic change in the nature of the mutation events occurred around 11 mGy/day. The present observations and published experimental results from oral administrations of HTO to mice suggest that a threshold dose-rate for HTO exposures might exist between 11 mGy/day and 21.6 mGy/day where the nature of the mutation events induced by HTO becomes similar to those seen in spontaneous events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nagashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
- Corresponding author. Hiroshi Tauchi, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan. Phone +81-29-228-8383, Fax +81-29-228-8403,
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Leckie JN, Joel MM, Martens K, King A, King M, Korngut LW, de Koning APJ, Pfeffer G, Schellenberg KL. Highly Elevated Prevalence of Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy in Indigenous Communities in Canada Due to a Founder Effect. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e607. [PMID: 34250227 PMCID: PMC8267784 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked adult-onset neuromuscular disorder that causes progressive weakness and androgen insensitivity in hemizygous males. This condition is reported to be extremely rare, but has higher prevalence in certain populations due to multiple founder effects. Anecdotal observations of a higher prevalence of SBMA in patients of Indigenous descent in Saskatchewan led us to perform this study, to estimate the disease prevalence, and to attempt to identify a founder effect. Methods For our prevalence estimation, we identified patients with confirmed SBMA diagnosis from the Saskatoon neuromuscular clinic database for comparison with population data available from Statistics Canada. For our haplotype analysis, participants with SBMA were recruited from 2 neuromuscular clinics, as well as 5 control participants. Clinical data were collected, as well as a DNA sample using saliva kits. We performed targeted quantification of DXS1194, DXS1111, DXS135, and DXS1125 microsatellite repeats and the AR GGC repeat to attempt to identify a disease haplotype and compare it with prior studies. Results We estimate the prevalence of SBMA among persons of Indigenous descent in Saskatchewan as 14.7 per 100,000 population. Although we believe that this is an underestimate, this still appears to be the highest population prevalence for SBMA in the world. A total of 21 participants were recruited for the haplotype study, and we identified a unique haplotype that was shared among 13 participants with Indigenous ancestry. A second shared haplotype was identified in 2 participants, which may represent a second founder haplotype, but this would need to be confirmed with future studies. Conclusions We describe a very high prevalence of SBMA in western Canadians of Indigenous descent, which appears to predominantly be due to a founder effect. This necessitates further studies of SBMA in these populations to comprehensively ascertain the disease prevalence and allow appropriate allocation of resources to support individuals living with this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Leckie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Matthew M Joel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kristina Martens
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Alexandra King
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Malcolm King
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lawrence W Korngut
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - A P Jason de Koning
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kerri L Schellenberg
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (J.N.L., M.M.J., K.M., L.W.K., G.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta; Department of Medicine (A.K.), and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (M.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon; Alberta Child Health Research Institute (A.P.J.d.K., G.P.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta; and Division of Neurology (K.L.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Tanaka Y, Furuta M. Biological effects of low-dose γ-ray irradiation on chromosomes and DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:1-11. [PMID: 33290547 PMCID: PMC7779362 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the damage to chromosomes and genes induced by high-dose radiation (HDR) has been well researched in many organisms, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR), defined as a radiation dose of ≤100 mSv, are still being debated. Recent research has suggested that the biological effects of LDR differ from those observed in HDR. To detect the effect of LDR on genes, we selected a gene of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the multiple wing hair (mwh) gene. The hatched heterozygous larvae with genotype mwh/+ were irradiated by γ-rays of a 60Co source. After eclosion, the wing hairs of the heterozygous flies were observed. The area of only one or two mwh cells (small spot) and that of more than three mwh cells (large spot) were counted. The ratio of the two kinds of spots were compared between groups irradiated by different doses including a non-irradiated control group. For the small spot in females, the eruption frequency increased in the groups irradiated with 20-75 mGy, indicating hypersensitivity (HRS) to LDR, while in the groups irradiated with 200 and 300 mGy, the frequency decreased, indicating induced radioresistance (IRR), while in males, 50 and 100 mGy conferred HRS and 75 and 200 mGy conferred IRR. For the large spot in females, 75 mGy conferred HRS and 100-800 mGy conferred IRR. In conclusion, HRS and IRR to LDR was found in Drosophila wing cells by delimiting the dose of γ-rays finely, except in the male large spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Tanaka
- Corresponding author. Radiation Biology and Molecular Genetics, Division of Quantum Radiation, Faculty of Technology and Biology and Cultural Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Tel: 81-72-254-9750;
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Radiation Biology and Molecular Genetics, Division of Quantum Radiation, Faculty of Technology and Department of Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 591-8531, Japan
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Stainforth R, Schuemann J, McNamara AL, Wilkins RC, Chauhan V. Challenges in the quantification approach to a radiation relevant adverse outcome pathway for lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:85-101. [PMID: 32909875 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) provide a modular framework for describing sequences of biological key events (KEs) and key event relationships (KERs) across levels of biological organization. Empirical evidence across KERs can support construction of quantified AOPs (qAOPs). Using an example AOP of energy deposition from ionizing radiation onto DNA leading to lung cancer incidence, we investigate the feasibility of quantifying data from KERs supported by all types of stressors. The merits and challenges of this process in the context of AOP construction are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Empirical evidence across studies of dose-response from four KERs of the AOP were compiled independently for quantification. Three upstream KERs comprised of evidence from various radiation types in line with AOP guidelines. For these three KERs, a focused analysis of data from alpha-particle studies was undertaken to better characterize the process to the adverse outcome (AO) for a radon gas stressor. Numerical information was extracted from tables and graphs to plot and tabulate the response of KEs. To complement areas of the AOP quantification process, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in TOPAS-nBio were performed to model exposure conditions relevant to the AO for an example bronchial compartment of the lung with secretory cell nuclei targets. RESULTS Quantification of AOP KERs highlighted the relevance of radiation types under the stressor-agnostic intent of AOP design, motivating a focus on specific types. For a given type, significant differences of KE response indicate meaningful data to derive linkages from the MIE to the AO is lacking and that better response-response focused studies are required. The MC study estimates the linear energy transfer (LET) of alpha-particles emitted by radon-222 and its progeny in the secretory cell nuclei of the example lung compartment to range from 94 - 5 + 5 to 192 - 18 + 15 keV/µm. CONCLUSION Quantifying AOP components provides a means to assemble empirical evidence across different studies. This highlights challenges in the context of studies examining similar endpoints using different radiation types. Data linking KERs to a MIE of 'deposition of energy' is shown to be non-compatible with the stressor-agnostic principles of AOP design. Limiting data to that describing response-response relationships between adjacent KERs may better delineate studies relevant to the damage that drives a pathway to the next KE and still support an 'all hazards' approach. Such data remains limited and future investigations in the radiation field may consider this approach when designing experiments and reporting their results and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aimee L McNamara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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