1
|
Chen K, Wang Q, Yu X, Wang C, Gao J, Zhang S, Cheng S, You S, Zheng H, Lu J, Zhu X, Lei D, Jian A, He X, Yu H, Chen Y, Zhou M, Li K, He L, Tian Y, Liu X, Liu S, Jiang L, Bao Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Wan J. OsSRF8 interacts with OsINP1 and OsDAF1 to regulate pollen aperture formation in rice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4512. [PMID: 38802369 PMCID: PMC11130342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, mature male gametophytes have distinct apertures. After pollination, pollen grains germinate, and a pollen tube grows from the aperture to deliver sperm cells to the embryo sac, completing fertilization. In rice, the pollen aperture has a single-pore structure with a collar-like annulus and a plug-like operculum. A crucial step in aperture development is the formation of aperture plasma membrane protrusion (APMP) at the distal polar region of the microspore during the late tetrad stage. Previous studies identified OsINP1 and OsDAF1 as essential regulators of APMP and pollen aperture formation in rice, but their precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that the Poaceae-specific OsSRF8 gene, encoding a STRUBBELIG-receptor family 8 protein, is essential for pollen aperture formation in Oryza sativa. Mutants lacking functional OsSRF8 exhibit defects in APMP and pollen aperture formation, like loss-of-function OsINP1 mutants. OsSRF8 is specifically expressed during early anther development and initially diffusely distributed in the microsporocytes. At the tetrad stage, OsSRF8 is recruited by OsINP1 to the pre-aperture region through direct protein-protein interaction, promoting APMP formation. The OsSRF8-OsINP1 complex then recruits OsDAF1 to the APMP site to co-regulate annulus formation. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling pollen aperture formation in cereal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shimin You
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dekun Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Anqi Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Chen X, Yang R, Cheng J, Chen Y, Joosten MHAJ, Du Y. The potato StMKK5-StSIPK module enhances resistance to Phytophthora pathogens through activating the salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:399-412. [PMID: 36782107 PMCID: PMC10098055 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. A screen of a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as NbMKK5, which is involved in immunity to P. infestans. To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as StMKK5, in the response to P. infestans, we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5-induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK-encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)- and ethylene (Eth)-related gene expression, and co-expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK-triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5-StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA- and Eth-signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5-SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to P. infestans via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaokang Chen
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ruixin Yang
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jing Cheng
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yong Chen
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | | | - Yu Du
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, Rasheed A, Tahir MM, Si H. Functional analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in potato under biotic and abiotic stress. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 37312964 PMCID: PMC10248695 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses are the main constrain of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production all over the world. To overcome these hurdles, many techniques and mechanisms have been used for increasing food demand for increasing population. One of such mechanism is mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which is significance regulators of MAPK pathway under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants. However, the acute role in potato for various biotic and abiotic resistance is not fully understood. In eukaryotes including plants, MAPK transfer information from sensors to responses. In potato, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as a range of developmental responses including differentiation, proliferation, and cell death in plants, MAPK plays an essential role in transduction of diverse extracellular stimuli. Different biotic and abiotic stress stimuli such as pathogen (bacteria, virus, and fungi, etc.) infections, drought, high and low temperatures, high salinity, and high or low osmolarity are induced by several MAPK cascade and MAPK gene families in potato crop. The MAPK cascade is synchronized by numerous mechanisms, including not only transcriptional regulation but also through posttranscriptional regulation such as protein-protein interactions. In this review, we will discuss the recent detailed functional analysis of certain specific MAPK gene families which are involved in resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses in potato. This study will also provide new insights into functional analysis of various MAPK gene families in biotic and abiotic stress response as well as its possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crops Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Majid Mahmood Tahir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Hu R, Fan Z, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Huang W, Tao X. Dual RNA Sequencing Reveals the Genome-Wide Expression Profiles During the Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Solanum tuberosum and Phytophthora infestans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817199. [PMID: 35401650 PMCID: PMC8993506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating plant disease. P. infestans genome encodes hundreds of effectors, complicating the interaction between the pathogen and its host and making it difficult to understand the interaction mechanisms. In this study, the late blight-resistant potato cultivar Ziyun No.1 and the susceptible potato cultivar Favorita were infected with P. infestans isolate SCPZ16-3-1 to investigate the global expression profiles during the compatible and incompatible interactions using dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Most of the expressed Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RXLR) effector genes were suppressed during the first 24 h of infection, but upregulated after 24 h. Moreover, P. infestans induced more specifically expressed genes (SEGs), including RXLR effectors and cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs)-encoding genes, in the compatible interaction. The resistant potato activated a set of biotic stimulus responses and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis SEGs, including kirola-like protein, nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR), disease resistance, and kinase genes. Conversely, the susceptible potato cultivar upregulated more kinase, pathogenesis-related genes than the resistant cultivar. This study is the first study to characterize the compatible and incompatible interactions between P. infestans and different potato cultivars and provides the genome-wide expression profiles for RXLR effector, CWDEs, NBS-LRR protein, and kinase-encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongping Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghan Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusong Jiang
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Wang C, Wang H, Li L, Wang C. The Function of MAPK Cascades in Response to Various Stresses in Horticultural Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32849671 PMCID: PMC7412866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved signaling transduction module that transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses in plants. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in horticultural plants, such as tomato and apple. Recent studies revealed that the MAPK cascade also plays crucial roles in the biotic and abiotic stress responses of horticultural plants. In this review, we summarize the composition and classification of MAPK cascades in horticultural plants and recent research on this cascade in responses to abiotic stresses (such as drought, extreme temperature and high salinity) and biotic stresses (such as pathogen infection). In addition, we discuss the most advanced research themes related to plant MAPK cascades, thus facilitating research on MAPK cascade functions in horticultural plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen He
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | | | - Haibo Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | - Linguang Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JH, Castroverde CDM. Diversity, Function and Regulation of Cell Surface and Intracellular Immune Receptors in Solanaceae. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040434. [PMID: 32244634 PMCID: PMC7238418 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first layer of the plant immune system comprises plasma membrane-localized receptor proteins and intracellular receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein superfamily. Together, these immune receptors act as a network of surveillance machines in recognizing extracellular and intracellular pathogen invasion-derived molecules, ranging from conserved structural epitopes to virulence-promoting effectors. Successful pathogen recognition leads to physiological and molecular changes in the host plants, which are critical for counteracting and defending against biotic attack. A breadth of significant insights and conceptual advances have been derived from decades of research in various model plant species regarding the structural complexity, functional diversity, and regulatory mechanisms of these plant immune receptors. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of how these host surveillance proteins function and how they are regulated. We will focus on the latest progress made in plant species belonging to the Solanaceae family, because of their tremendous importance as model organisms and agriculturally valuable crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (C.D.M.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rody HVS, Bombardelli RGH, Creste S, Camargo LEA, Van Sluys MA, Monteiro-Vitorello CB. Genome survey of resistance gene analogs in sugarcane: genomic features and differential expression of the innate immune system from a smut-resistant genotype. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:809. [PMID: 31694536 PMCID: PMC6836459 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance genes composing the two-layer immune system of plants are thought as important markers for breeding pathogen-resistant crops. Many have been the attempts to establish relationships between the genomic content of Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) of modern sugarcane cultivars to its degrees of resistance to diseases such as smut. However, due to the highly polyploid and heterozygous nature of sugarcane genome, large scale RGA predictions is challenging. RESULTS We predicted, searched for orthologs, and investigated the genomic features of RGAs within a recently released sugarcane elite cultivar genome, alongside the genomes of sorghum, one sugarcane ancestor (Saccharum spontaneum), and a collection of de novo transcripts generated for six modern cultivars. In addition, transcriptomes from two sugarcane genotypes were obtained to investigate the roles of RGAs differentially expressed (RGADE) in their distinct degrees of resistance to smut. Sugarcane references lack RGAs from the TNL class (Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain associated to nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains) and harbor elevated content of membrane-associated RGAs. Up to 39% of RGAs were organized in clusters, and 40% of those clusters shared synteny. Basically, 79% of predicted NBS-encoding genes are located in a few chromosomes. S. spontaneum chromosome 5 harbors most RGADE orthologs responsive to smut in modern sugarcane. Resistant sugarcane had an increased number of RGAs differentially expressed from both classes of RLK (receptor-like kinase) and RLP (receptor-like protein) as compared to the smut-susceptible. Tandem duplications have largely contributed to the expansion of both RGA clusters and the predicted clades of RGADEs. CONCLUSIONS Most of smut-responsive RGAs in modern sugarcane were potentially originated in chromosome 5 of the ancestral S. spontaneum genotype. Smut resistant and susceptible genotypes of sugarcane have a distinct pattern of RGADE. TM-LRR (transmembrane domains followed by LRR) family was the most responsive to the early moment of pathogen infection in the resistant genotype, suggesting the relevance of an innate immune system. This work can help to outline strategies for further understanding of allele and paralog expression of RGAs in sugarcane, and the results should help to develop a more applied procedure for the selection of resistant plants in sugarcane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo V S Rody
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato G H Bombardelli
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, IAC-Apta, Ribeirão Preto, Av. Pádua Dias n11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís E A Camargo
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Van Sluys
- Departamento de Botânia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Monteiro-Vitorello
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, McLellan H, Bukharova T, He Q, Murphy F, Shi J, Sun S, van Weymers P, Ren Y, Thilliez G, Wang H, Chen X, Engelhardt S, Vleeshouwers V, Gilroy EM, Whisson SC, Hein I, Wang X, Tian Z, Birch PRJ, Boevink PC. Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:343-356. [PMID: 30329083 PMCID: PMC6305197 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oomycetes such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans deliver RXLR effectors into plant cells to manipulate host processes and promote disease. Knowledge of where they localize inside host cells is important in understanding their function. Fifty-two P. infestans RXLR effectors (PiRXLRs) up-regulated during early stages of infection were expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions inside cells of the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. FP-PiRXLR fusions were predominantly nucleo-cytoplasmic, nuclear, or plasma membrane-associated. Some also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, or microtubules, suggesting diverse sites of subcellular activity. Seven of the 25 PiRXLRs examined during infection accumulated at sites of haustorium penetration, probably due to co-localization with host target processes; Pi16663 (Avr1), for example, localized to Sec5-associated mobile bodies which showed perihaustorial accumulation. Forty-five FP-RXLR fusions enhanced pathogen leaf colonization when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, revealing that their presence was beneficial to infection. Co-expression of PiRXLRs that target and suppress different immune pathways resulted in an additive enhancement of colonization, indicating the potential to study effector combinations using transient expression assays. We provide a broad platform of high confidence P. infestans effector candidates from which to investigate the mechanisms, singly and in combination, by which this pathogen causes disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wang
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Tatyana Bukharova
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Qin He
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Fraser Murphy
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Jiayang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohui Sun
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Pauline van Weymers
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Yajuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaetan Thilliez
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Haixia Wang
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor M Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephen C Whisson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Ingo Hein
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhendong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Petra C Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|