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Núño K, Jensen AS, O'Connor G, Houston TJ, Dikici E, Zingg JM, Deo S, Daunert S. Insights into Women's health: Exploring the vaginal microbiome, quorum sensing dynamics, and therapeutic potential of quorum sensing quenchers. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 100:101304. [PMID: 39255544 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is an important aspect of women's health that changes dynamically with various stages of the woman's life. Just like the gut microbiome, the vaginal microbiome can also be affected by pathologies that dramatically change the typical composition of native vaginal microorganisms. However, the mechanism as to how both vaginal endemic and gut endemic opportunistic microbes can express pathogenicity in vaginal polymicrobial biofilms is poorly understood. Quorum sensing is the cellular density-dependent bacterial and fungal communication process in which chemical signaling molecules, known as autoinducers, activate expression for genes responsible for virulence and pathogenicity, such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Quorum sensing inhibition, or quorum quenching, has been explored as a potential therapeutic route for both bacterial and fungal infections. By applying these quorum quenchers, one can reduce biofilm formation of opportunistic vaginal microbes and combine them with antibiotics for a synergistic effect. This review aims to display the relationship between the vaginal and gut microbiome, the role of quorum sensing in polymicrobial biofilm formation which cause pathology in the vaginal microbiome, and how quorum quenchers can be utilized to attenuate the severity of bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Núño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Anne Sophie Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tiffani Janae Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jean Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Fernandes L, Barco-Tejada A, Blázquez E, Araújo D, Ribeiro A, Silva S, Cussó L, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Rodrigues ME, Henriques M. Development and Evaluation of Microencapsulated Oregano Essential Oil as an Alternative Treatment for Candida albicans Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40628-40640. [PMID: 39067028 PMCID: PMC11311128 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized as a very common fungal infection that significantly affects women's health worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) are currently being evaluated as an alternative therapy. The development of efficient techniques such as micro- or nanoencapsulation for protecting and controlling release is essential to overcome the limitations of EO applications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize oregano EO-loaded keratin microparticles (OEO-KMPs) as a potential treatment for VVC. OEO-KMPs were produced using high-intensity ultrasonic cycles and characterized in terms of morphological and physicochemical parameters. In vitro evaluation included assessing the toxicity of the OEO-KMPs and their effect against Candida albicans using microdilution and agar diffusion, while the activity against biofilm was quantified using colony forming units (CFU). The efficacy of the OEO-KMPs in an in vivo VVC mouse model was also studied. Female BALB/c mice were intravaginally infected with C. albicans, 24 h postinfection animals were treated intravaginally with 15 μL of OEO-KMPs and 24 h later vaginal fluid was analyzed for C. albicans and Lactobacillus growth (CFU mL-1). The results showed the stability of the OEO-KMPs over time, with high encapsulation efficiency and controlled release. This nanoparticle size facilitated penetration and completely inhibited the planktonic growth of C. albicans. In addition, an in vitro application of 2.5% of the OEO-KMPs eradicated mature C. albicans biofilms while preserving Lactobacillus species. In in vivo, a single intravaginal application of OEO-KMPs induced a reduction in C. albicans growth, while maintaining Lactobacillus species. In conclusion, this therapeutic approach with OEO-KMPs is promising as a potential alternative or complementary therapy for VVC while preserving vaginal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Fernandes
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ainara Barco-Tejada
- Departamento
de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad
de Medicina y Cirugía Experimenta, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blázquez
- Departamento
de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad
de Medicina y Cirugía Experimenta, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Araújo
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- National
Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LABBELS
− Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Ribeiro
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS
− Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- National
Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LABBELS
− Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorena Cussó
- Departamento
de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced
Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de
Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos
III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Costa-de-Oliveira
- Division
of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, and Center for Health Technology
and Services Research − CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Elisa Rodrigues
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS
− Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- Centre
of Biological Engineering, University of
Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS
− Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Lei Y, Rahman K, Cao X, Yang B, Zhou W, Reheman A, Cai L, Wang Y, Tyagi R, Wang Z, Chen X, Cao G. Epinephrine Stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17370. [PMID: 38139199 PMCID: PMC10743465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human stress hormones catecholamines play a critical role in communication between human microbiota and their hosts and influence the outcomes of bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how M. tuberculosis senses and responds to certain types of human stress hormones. In this study, we screened several human catecholamine stress hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) for their effects on Mycobacterium growth. Our results showed that epinephrine significantly stimulated the growth of M. tuberculosis in the serum-based medium as well as macrophages. In silico analysis and molecular docking suggested that the extra-cytoplasmic domain of the MprB might be the putative adrenergic sensor. Furthermore, we showed that epinephrine significantly enhances M. tuberculosis biofilm formation, which has distinct texture composition, antibiotic resistance, and stress tolerance. Together, our data revealed the effect and mechanism of epinephrine on the growth and biofilm formation of M. tuberculosis, which contributes to the understanding of the environmental perception and antibiotic resistance of M. tuberculosis and provides important clues for the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Khaista Rahman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Luxia Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Gang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (K.R.); (X.C.); (B.Y.); (W.Z.); (A.R.)
- Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Andrade ARCD, Rezende MDS, Portela FVM, Pereira LMG, Nascimento da Silva B, Lima-Neto RGD, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA. β-Estradiol and progesterone enhance biofilm development and persister cell formation in monospecies and microcosms biofilms derived from vulvovaginal candidiasis. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:719-729. [PMID: 37698054 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2256674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to: (1) evaluate the influence of the steroid hormones (SH) on biofilm development; (2) investigate the formation of persister cells (PC) in biofilms; and (3) investigate the influence of SH on PC formation. Biofilms were derived from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) samples and evaluated by three models: microcosm biofilms grown in Vaginal Fluid Simulator Medium (MiB-VFSM); monospecies biofilms grown in VFSM (MoB-VFSM) and RPMI media (MoB-RPMI). SH altered cell counting and biomass of biofilms grown in VSFM; MoB-RPMI were negatively affected by SH. SH stimulated the formation of PC in MiB-VFSM but not MoB-VFSM; MoB-RPMI showed a lower number of PC in the presence of SH. The results showed that SH altered the dynamics of biofilm formation and development, depending on the study model. The data suggest the influence of hormones on the physiology of Candida biofilms and reinforce the importance of PC in the pathogenesis of VVC.
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He Y, Tang R, Deng J, Cai T, He P, Wu J, Cao Y. Effects of oestrogen on vulvovaginal candidosis. Mycoses 2021; 65:4-12. [PMID: 34699636 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As a frequently occurring infectious disease mainly caused by Candida albicans, vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) affects more than 100 million women worldwide every year. Multiple factors that influence C. albicans colonisation have been linked to the incidence of VVC, including high levels of circulating oestrogen due to pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the mechanism(s) by which oestrogen contributes to VVC, which might provide meaningful guidance to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Tang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongkai Cai
- Shanghai Diacart Biomedical Science and Technology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping He
- Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Frías-De-León MG, Hernández-Castro R, Conde-Cuevas E, García-Coronel IH, Vázquez-Aceituno VA, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Farfán-García ED, Ocharán-Hernández E, Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Arenas R, Robledo-Cayetano M, Ramírez-Lozada T, Meza-Meneses P, Pinto-Almazán R, Martínez-Herrera E. Candida glabrata Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Factors, a Perfect Pathogenic Combination. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1529. [PMID: 34683822 PMCID: PMC8538829 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a progressive increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida glabrata has been observed. The objective of this literature review was to study the epidemiology, drug resistance, and virulence factors associated with the C. glabrata complex. For this purpose, a systematic review (January 2001-February 2021) was conducted on the PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane search engines with the following terms: "C. glabrata complex (C. glabrata sensu stricto, C. nivariensis, C. bracarensis)" associated with "pathogenicity" or "epidemiology" or "antibiotics resistance" or "virulence factors" with language restrictions of English and Spanish. One hundred and ninety-nine articles were found during the search. Various mechanisms of drug resistance to azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins were found for the C. glabrata complex, depending on the geographical region. Among the mechanisms found are the overexpression of drug transporters, gene mutations that alter thermotolerance, the generation of hypervirulence due to increased adhesion factors, and modifications in vital enzymes that produce cell wall proteins that prevent the activity of drugs designed for its inhibition. In addition, it was observed that the C. glabrata complex has virulence factors such as the production of proteases, phospholipases, and hemolysins, and the formation of biofilms that allows the complex to evade the host immune response and generate fungal resistance. Because of this, the C. glabrata complex possesses a perfect pathogenetic combination for the invasion of the immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (R.H.-C.); (V.A.V.-A.)
| | - Esther Conde-Cuevas
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Itzel H. García-Coronel
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Víctor Alfonso Vázquez-Aceituno
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (R.H.-C.); (V.A.V.-A.)
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Eunice D. Farfán-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Esther Ocharán-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Vithas Ntra. Sra. de Fátima and University of Vigo, 36206 Vigo, Spain
- Campus Universitario, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
- Sección de Micología, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Maura Robledo-Cayetano
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Tito Ramírez-Lozada
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Meza-Meneses
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
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Carvalho GC, de Oliveira RAP, Araujo VHS, Sábio RM, de Carvalho LR, Bauab TM, Corrêa I, Chorilli M. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Brazil: a systematic review. Med Mycol 2021; 59:946-957. [PMID: 34137857 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVV) is a condition whose signs and symptoms are related to inflammation caused by Candida spp infection. It is the second leading cause of vaginitis in the world, representing a public health problem. The present systematic review comes with the proposal of analyze and identify the available evidence on CVV prevalence in Brazil, pointing out its variability by regions. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out with meta-analysis of cross-sectional and cohort studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guide recommendations, and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020181695). The databases used for survey were LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, PUBMED, Web of Science and CINAHL. Fifteen studies were selected to estimate CVV prevalence in the Brazilian territory. South and Southeast regions have higher prevalences than the North and Northeast regions, no data were found for the Midwest region. The estimated prevalence for Brazil is 18%, however, it is suggested that this number is higher due to underreporting and the presence of asymptomatic cases. Therefore, new epidemiological studies are recommended throughout Brazil, to elucidate the profile of this disease in the country, in addition to assisting in the elaboration of an appropriate prevention plan by state. LAY ABSTRACT Data found in the literature regarding the epidemiological profile of VVC in Brazil are obsolete and incomplete, so the present systematic review has the proposal to analyze and identify the evidence on VVC prevalence in Brazil. The estimated prevalence is 18%, however, this number can be higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael Miguel Sábio
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lídia Raquel de Carvalho
- Biostatistics department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ione Corrêa
- Nursing department, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618687 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, Brazil
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8
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Luan T, Liu X, Mao P, Wang X, Rui C, Yan L, Wang Y, Fan C, Li P, Zeng X. The Role of 17β-Estrogen in Candida albicans Adhesion on Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells via FAK Phosphorylation. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:425-438. [PMID: 32185617 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To investigate the role of 17β-estrogen in Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion on human vaginal epithelial cells in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). METHODS The vaginal epithelial cell line, VK2/E6E7, was used to study the estrogen-induced molecular events between C. albicans and cells. An adhesion study was performed to evaluate the involvement of the estrogen-dependent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation in cell adhesion. The phosphorylation status of FAK and estrogen receptor α (ERα) upon estrogen challenge was assessed by western blotting. Specific inhibitors for ERα were used to validate the involvement of ERα-FAK signaling cascade. RESULTS A transient activation of ERα and FAK was observed following the stimulation with 1000 nM estrogen for 48 h, as well as the increased average number of C. albicans adhering to each vaginal epithelial cell. Estrogen-induced activation of ERa and FAK was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of ERα, especially when the inhibitor reached a 10 μM concentration and allowed to act for 12 h. Simultaneously, a decrease in the number of adherent C. albicans was observed. However, this inhibitory effect diminished as the concentration of estrogen increased. CONCLUSION FAK and ERα signaling cascades were involved in the early interaction between the vaginal epithelial cells and C. albicans, which appeared to be linked with the enhanced cell adhesion leading to VVC and promoted by a certain concentration of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Mao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Rui
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Fan
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zeng
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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