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Daems S, Shameer S, Ceusters N, Sweetlove L, Ceusters J. Metabolic modelling identifies mitochondrial Pi uptake and pyruvate efflux as key aspects of daytime metabolism and proton homeostasis in crassulacean acid metabolism leaves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:159-175. [PMID: 39113419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) leaves are characterized by nocturnal acidification and diurnal deacidification processes related with the timed actions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Rubisco, respectively. How CAM leaves manage cytosolic proton homeostasis, particularly when facing massive diurnal proton effluxes from the vacuole, remains unclear. A 12-phase flux balance analysis (FBA) model was constructed for a mature malic enzyme-type CAM mesophyll cell in order to predict diel kinetics of intracellular proton fluxes. The charge- and proton-balanced FBA model identified the mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC, Pi/H+ symport), which provides Pi to the matrix to sustain ATP biosynthesis, as a major consumer of cytosolic protons during daytime (> 50%). The delivery of Pi to the mitochondrion, co-transported with protons, is required for oxidative phosphorylation and allows sufficient ATP to be synthesized to meet the high energy demand during CAM Phase III. Additionally, the model predicts that mitochondrial pyruvate originating from decarboxylation of malate is exclusively exported to the cytosol, probably via a pyruvate channel mechanism, to fuel gluconeogenesis. In this biochemical cycle, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) acts as another important cytosolic proton consumer. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of mitochondria in CAM and uncover a hitherto unappreciated role in metabolic proton homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Daems
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, 2440, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sanu Shameer
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Nathalie Ceusters
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Lee Sweetlove
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Research Group for Sustainable Crop Production & Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Geel, 2440, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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2
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Sun G, Luan M, Xue S, Yan J, Lan W. Vacuolar H +-ATPase Is Required for Efficient Vacuolar Phosphate Storage and Systemic Pi Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39292189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) plays a crucial role in facilitating nutrient ions storage in vacuoles, whereas its direct impact on vacuolar phosphate (Pi) accumulation has not been fully elucidated. Previous research revealed that the absence of VPT1 and VPT3, two major vacuolar Pi influx transporters, significantly affected vacuolar Pi storage. This study shows that disrupting V-ATPase function could mimic the vpt1 vpt3 mutant phenotypes. The vha-a2 a3 mutant, lacking V-ATPase activity, had lower vacuolar Pi levels, higher cytoplasmic Pi and increased resistance to As(V) toxicity under sufficient Pi conditions. Complementation assays in Pi transport-deficient yeast confirmed that high pH suppressed VPT1 activity, while overexpressing VPT1 couldn't overload Pi in vacuoles of vha-a2 a3 mutants. These data illustrate the reliance of VPT1's activity on V-ATPase-generated proton gradients. Furthermore, we find V-ATPase activity correlates positively with Pi availability, and varying across developmental stages. During flowering, V-ATPase activity decreases to enhance Pi allocation in xylem sap for long-distance transport when external Pi is replete, akin to the vpt1 vpt3 mutant. Thus, V-ATPase could cooperate with VPT proteins to regulate Pi homeostasis at both subcellular and systemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfang Sun
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingda Luan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuting Xue
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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3
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Hao GJ, Ying J, Li LS, Yu F, Dun SS, Su LY, Zhao XY, Li S, Zhang Y. Two functionally interchangeable Vps9 isoforms mediate pollen tube penetration of style. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39262026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy. By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis Vps9b is a pollen-preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with Vps9a. Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles. Functional loss of Vps9a and Vps9b results in the mis-targeting of Rab5-dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post-Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jiu Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Le-Yan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
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Wang Y, Pan R, Hu J. Impact of acute heat stress on mitochondrial function, ultrastructure and cardiolipin distribution in Arabidopsis. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:362-367. [PMID: 39279852 PMCID: PMC11399366 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-024-00151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Besides providing energy to sustain life, mitochondria also play crucial roles in stress response and programmed cell death. The mitochondrial hallmark lipid, cardiolipin (CL), is essential to the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function. However, how mitochondria and CL are involved in stress response is not as well defined in plants as in animal and yeast cells. We previously revealed a role for CL in mitochondrial fission and in heat stress response in Arabidopsis. To further determine the involvement of mitochondria and CL in plant heat response, here we treated Arabidopsis seedlings with varied lengths of acute heat stress. These treatments resulted in decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, disruption of mitochondrial ultrastructure, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and redistribution of CL to the outer mitochondrial membrane and to a novel type of vesicle. The level of the observed changes correlated with the severeness of the heat stress, indicating the strong relevance of these processes to stress response. Our findings provide the basis for studying mechanisms underpinning the role of mitochondria and CL in plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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Cao D, Depaepe T, Sanchez-Muñoz R, Janssens H, Lemière F, Willems T, Winne J, Prinsen E, Van Der Straeten D. A UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of metabolites in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and its biological validation in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1262-1275. [PMID: 38849316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is of vital importance in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Recent studies revealed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) plays a role beyond its function as an ethylene precursor. However, the absence of reliable methods to quantify ACC and its conjugates malonyl-ACC (MACC), glutamyl-ACC (GACC), and jasmonyl-ACC (JA-ACC) hinders related research. Combining synthetic and analytical chemistry, we present the first, validated methodology to rapidly extract and quantify ACC and its conjugates using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Its relevance was confirmed by application to Arabidopsis mutants with altered ACC metabolism and wild-type plants under stress. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of ACC synthesis resulted in decreased ACC and MACC content, whereas induction led to elevated levels. Salt, wounding, and submergence stress enhanced ACC and MACC production. GACC and JA-ACC were undetectable in vivo; however, GACC was identified in vitro, underscoring the broad applicability of the method. This method provides an efficient tool to study individual functions of ACC and its conjugates, paving the road toward exploration of novel avenues in ACC and ethylene metabolism, and revisiting ethylene literature in view of the recent discovery of an ethylene-independent role of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raul Sanchez-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Winne
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Bu Y, Dong X, Zhang R, Shen X, Liu Y, Wang S, Takano T, Liu S. Unraveling the role of urea hydrolysis in salt stress response during seed germination and seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. eLife 2024; 13:e96797. [PMID: 39037769 PMCID: PMC11364434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Urea is intensively utilized as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, originating either from root uptake or from catabolism of arginine by arginase. Despite its extensive use, the underlying physiological mechanisms of urea, particularly its adverse effects on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress, remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that salt stress induces excessive hydrolysis of arginine-derived urea, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic pH within seed radical cells, which, in turn, triggers salt-induced inhibition of seed germination (SISG) and hampers seedling growth. Our findings challenge the long-held belief that ammonium accumulation and toxicity are the primary causes of SISG, offering a novel perspective on the mechanism underlying these processes. This study provides significant insights into the physiological impact of urea hydrolysis under salt stress, contributing to a better understanding of SISG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xingye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xianglian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
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7
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Harter TS, Smith EA, Salmerón C, Thies AB, Delgado B, Wilson RW, Tresguerres M. Soluble adenylyl cyclase is an acid-base sensor in rainbow trout red blood cells that regulates intracellular pH and haemoglobin-oxygen binding. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14205. [PMID: 39031444 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify the physiological role of the acid-base sensing enzyme, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), in red blood cells (RBC) of the model teleost fish, rainbow trout. METHODS We used: (i) super-resolution microscopy to determine the subcellular location of sAC protein; (ii) live-cell imaging of RBC intracellular pH (pHi) with specific sAC inhibition (KH7 or LRE1) to determine its role in cellular acid-base regulation; (iii) spectrophotometric measurements of haemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) binding in steady-state conditions; and (iv) during simulated arterial-venous transit, to determine the role of sAC in systemic O2 transport. RESULTS Distinct pools of sAC protein were detected in the RBC cytoplasm, at the plasma membrane and within the nucleus. Inhibition of sAC decreased the setpoint for RBC pHi regulation by ~0.25 pH units compared to controls, and slowed the rates of RBC pHi recovery after an acid-base disturbance. RBC pHi recovery was entirely through the anion exchanger (AE) that was in part regulated by HCO3 --dependent sAC signaling. Inhibition of sAC decreased Hb-O2 affinity during a respiratory acidosis compared to controls and reduced the cooperativity of O2 binding. During in vitro simulations of arterial-venous transit, sAC inhibition decreased the amount of O2 that is unloaded by ~11%. CONCLUSION sAC represents a novel acid-base sensor in the RBCs of rainbow trout, where it participates in the modulation of RBC pHi and blood O2 transport though the regulation of AE activity. If substantiated in other species, these findings may have broad implications for our understanding of cardiovascular physiology in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Harter
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emma A Smith
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Angus B Thies
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bryan Delgado
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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8
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Hassan Akhtar M, Azhar Hayat Nawaz M, Abbas M, Liu N, Han W, Lv Y, Yu C. Advances in pH Sensing: From Traditional Approaches to Next-Generation Sensors in Biological Contexts. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300369. [PMID: 38953343 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
pH has been considered one of the paramount factors in bodily functions because most cellular tasks exclusively rely on precise pH values. In this context, the current techniques for pH sensing provide us with the futuristic insight to further design therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Thus, pH-sensing (electrochemically and optically) is rapidly evolving toward exciting new applications and expanding researchers' interests in many chemical contexts, especially in biomedical applications. The adaptation of cutting-edge technology is subsequently producing the modest form of these biosensors as wearable devices, which are providing us the opportunity to target the real-time collection of vital parameters, including pH for improved healthcare systems. The motif of this review is to provide insight into trending tech-based systems employed in real-time or in-vivo pH-responsive monitoring. Herein, we briefly go through the pH regulation in the human body to help the beginners and scientific community with quick background knowledge, recent advances in the field, and pH detection in real-time biological applications. In the end, we summarize our review by providing an outlook; challenges that need to be addressed, and prospective integration of various pH in vivo platforms with modern electronics that can open new avenues of cutting-edge techniques for disease diagnostics and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Akhtar
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS, University Islamabad, 54000, Lahore, Campus, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenzhao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Lv
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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9
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Hammes UZ, Pedersen BP. Structure and Function of Auxin Transporters. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:185-209. [PMID: 38211951 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-034109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Auxins, a group of central hormones in plant growth and development, are transported by a diverse range of transporters with distinct biochemical and structural properties. This review summarizes the current knowledge on all known auxin transporters with respect to their biochemical and biophysical properties and the methods used to characterize them. In particular, we focus on the recent advances that were made concerning the PIN-FORMED family of auxin exporters. Insights derived from solving their structures have improved our understanding of the auxin export process, and we discuss the current state of the art on PIN-mediated auxin transport, including the use of biophysical methods to examine their properties. Understanding the mechanisms of auxin transport is crucial for understanding plant growth and development, as well as for the development of more effective strategies for crop production and plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- School of Life Sciences, Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
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10
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Li Y, Chadwick B, Pham T, Xie X, Lin X. Aspartyl peptidase May1 induces host inflammatory response by altering cell wall composition in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. mBio 2024; 15:e0092024. [PMID: 38742885 PMCID: PMC11237595 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00920-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease that kills more than 180,000 people annually. Contributing to its success as a fungal pathogen is its cell wall surrounded by a capsule. When the cryptococcal cell wall is compromised, exposed pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) could trigger host recognition and initiate attack against this fungus. Thus, cell wall composition and structure are tightly regulated. The cryptococcal cell wall is unusual in that chitosan, the acetylated form of chitin, is predominant over chitin and is essential for virulence. Recently, it was shown that acidic pH weakens the cell wall and increases exposure of PAMPs partly due to decreased chitosan levels. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for the cell wall remodeling in acidic pH is unknown. In this study, by screening for genes involved in cryptococcal tolerance to high levels of CO2, we serendipitously discovered that the aspartyl peptidase May1 contributes to cryptococcal sensitivity to high levels of CO2 due to acidification of unbuffered media. Overexpression of MAY1 increases the cryptococcal cell size and elevates PAMP exposure, causing a hyper-inflammatory response in the host while MAY1 deletion does the opposite. We discovered that May1 weakens the cell wall and reduces the chitosan level, partly due to its involvement in the degradation of Chs3, the sole chitin synthase that supplies chitin to be converted to chitosan. Consistently, overexpression of CHS3 largely rescues the phenotype of MAY1oe in acidic media. Collectively, we demonstrate that May1 remodels the cryptococcal cell wall in acidic pH by reducing chitosan levels through its influence on Chs3. IMPORTANCE The fungal cell wall is a dynamic structure, monitoring and responding to internal and external stimuli. It provides a formidable armor to the fungus. However, in a weakened state, the cell wall also triggers host immune attack when PAMPs, including glucan, chitin, and mannoproteins, are exposed. In this work, we found that the aspartyl peptidase May1 impairs the cell wall of Cryptococcus neoformans and increases the exposure of PAMPs in the acidic environment by reducing the chitosan level. Under acidic conditions, May1 is involved in the degradation of the chitin synthase Chs3, which supplies chitin to be deacetylated to chitosan. Consistently, the severe deficiency of chitosan in acidic pH can be rescued by overexpressing CHS3. These findings improve our understanding of cell wall remodeling and reveal a potential target to compromise the cell wall integrity in this important fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin Chadwick
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tuyetnhu Pham
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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11
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Lim SL, Liu J, Dupouy G, Singh G, Baudrey S, Yang L, Zhong JY, Chabouté ME, Lim BL. In planta imaging of pyridine nucleotides using second-generation fluorescent protein biosensors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38761168 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Redox changes of pyridine nucleotides in cellular compartments are highly dynamic and their equilibria are under the influence of various reducing and oxidizing reactions. To obtain spatiotemporal data on pyridine nucleotides in living plant cells, typical biochemical approaches require cell destruction. To date, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are considered to be the best option to bridge the existing technology gap, as they provide a fast, accurate, and real-time readout. However, the existing pyridine nucleotides genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are either sensitive to pH change or slow in dissociation rate. Herein, we employed the biosensors which generate readouts that are pH stable for in planta measurement of NADH/NAD+ ratio and NADPH level. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express these biosensors in plastid stroma and cytosol of whole plants and pollen tubes under the control of CaMV 35S and LAT52 promoters, respectively. These transgenic biosensor lines allow us to monitor real-time dynamic changes in NADH/NAD+ ratio and NADPH level in the plastids and cytosol of various plant tissues, including pollen tubes, root hairs, and mesophyll cells, using a variety of fluorescent instruments. We anticipate that these valuable transgenic lines may allow improvements in plant redox biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Li Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilles Dupouy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Stéphanie Baudrey
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Lang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Zhuang X, Li R, Jiang L. A century journey of organelles research in the plant endomembrane system. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1312-1333. [PMID: 38226685 PMCID: PMC11062446 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We are entering an exciting century in the study of the plant organelles in the endomembrane system. Over the past century, especially within the past 50 years, tremendous advancements have been made in the complex plant cell to generate a much clearer and informative picture of plant organelles, including the molecular/morphological features, dynamic/spatial behavior, and physiological functions. Importantly, all these discoveries and achievements in the identification and characterization of organelles in the endomembrane system would not have been possible without: (1) the innovations and timely applications of various state-of-art cell biology tools and technologies for organelle biology research; (2) the continuous efforts in developing and characterizing new organelle markers by the plant biology community; and (3) the landmark studies on the identification and characterization of the elusive organelles. While molecular aspects and results for individual organelles have been extensively reviewed, the development of the techniques for organelle research in plant cell biology is less appreciated. As one of the ASPB Centennial Reviews on "organelle biology," here we aim to take a journey across a century of organelle biology research in plants by highlighting the important tools (or landmark technologies) and key scientists that contributed to visualize organelles. We then highlight the landmark studies leading to the identification and characterization of individual organelles in the plant endomembrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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13
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Qian D, Li T, Zheng C, Niu Y, Niu Y, Li C, Wang M, Yang Y, An L, Xiang Y. Actin-depolymerizing factors 8 and 11 promote root hair elongation at high pH. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100787. [PMID: 38158655 PMCID: PMC10943588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A root hair is a polarly elongated single-celled structure that derives from a root epidermal cell and functions in uptake of water and nutrients from the surrounding environment. Previous reports have demonstrated that short periods of high pH inhibit root hair extension; but the effects of long-term high-pH treatment on root hair growth are still unclear. Here, we report that the duration of root hair elongation is significantly prolonged with increasing external pH, which counteracts the effect of decreasing root hair elongation rate and ultimately produces longer root hairs, whereas loss of actin-depolymerizing factor 8 and 11 (ADF8/11) function causes shortening of root hair length at high pH (pH 7.4). Accumulation of ADF8/11 at the tips of root hairs is inhibited by high pH, and increasing environmental pH affects the actin filament (F-actin) meshwork at the root hair tip. At high pH, the tip-focused F-actin meshwork is absent in root hairs of the adf8/11 mutant, actin filaments are disordered at the adf8/11 root hair tips, and actin turnover is attenuated. Secretory and recycling vesicles do not aggregate in the apical region of adf8/11 root hairs at high pH. Together, our results suggest that, under long-term exposure to high extracellular pH, ADF8/11 may establish and maintain the tip-focused F-actin meshwork to regulate polar trafficking of secretory/recycling vesicles at the root hair tips, thereby promoting root hair elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingzhi Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chengying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muxuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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14
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Petutschnig EK, Pierdzig L, Mittendorf J, Niebisch JM, Lipka V. A novel fluorescent protein pair facilitates FLIM-FRET analysis of plant immune receptor interaction under native conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:746-759. [PMID: 37878766 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating protein-protein interactions is crucial for our understanding of molecular processes within living organisms. Microscopy-based techniques can detect protein-protein interactions in vivo at the single-cell level and provide information on their subcellular location. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most robust imaging approaches, but it is still very challenging to apply this method to proteins which are expressed under native conditions. Here we describe a novel combination of fluorescence proteins (FPs), mCitrine and mScarlet-I, which is ideally suited for FLIM-FRET studies of low abundance proteins expressed from their native promoters in stably transformed plants. The donor mCitrine displays excellent brightness in planta, near-mono-exponential fluorescence decay, and a comparatively long fluorescence lifetime. Moreover, the FRET pair has a good spectral overlap and a large Förster radius. This allowed us to detect constitutive as well as ligand-induced interaction of the Arabidopsis chitin receptor components CERK1 and LYK5 in a set of proof-of-principle experiments. Due to the good brightness of the acceptor mScarlet-I, the FP combination can be readily utilized for co-localization studies. The FP pair is also suitable for co-immunoprecipitation experiments and western blotting, facilitating a multi-method approach for studying and confirming protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kristin Petutschnig
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology & Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leon Pierdzig
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Josephine Mittendorf
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jule Meret Niebisch
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology & Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Zhong R, Cui D, Richardson EA, Ye ZH. Acetylation of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I is catalyzed by a suite of trichome birefringence-like proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1084-1098. [PMID: 37934816 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall polysaccharides, including xylan, mannan, xyloglucan, and pectins, are often acetylated and members of the domain of unknown function 231 (DUF231)/trichome birefringence-like (TBL) family have been shown to be O-acetyltransferases mediating the acetylation of xylan, mannan, and xyloglucan. However, little is known about the O-acetyltransferases responsible for pectin acetylation. In this report, we biochemically characterized a suite of Arabidopsis DUF231/TBL proteins for their roles in pectin acetylation. We generated 24 TBL recombinant proteins in mammalian cells and demonstrated that 10 of them were able to transfer acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA onto the pectins homogalacturonan (HG) or rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and thus were named pectin O-acetyltransferase 1 to 10 (POAT1 to 10). It was found that POAT2,4,9,10 specifically acetylated HG and POAT5,6 acetylated RG-I, whereas POAT1,3,7,8 could act on both HG and RG-I. The acetylation of HG and RG-I by POATs was further corroborated by hydrolysis with pectin acetylesterases and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, mutations of the conserved GDS and DXXH motifs in POAT3 and POAT8 were shown to lead to a loss of their ability to acetylate HG and RG-I. Furthermore, simultaneous RNA interference downregulation of POAT1,3,6,7,8 resulted in reduced cell expansion, impaired plant growth, and decreased pectin acetylation. Together, our findings indicate that these POATs are pectin O-acetyltransferases involved in acetylation of the pectin polysaccharides HG and RG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | | | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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16
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Li K, Grauschopf C, Hedrich R, Dreyer I, Konrad KR. K + and pH homeostasis in plant cells is controlled by a synchronized K + /H + antiport at the plasma and vacuolar membrane. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1525-1542. [PMID: 38017688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement involves ion transport across the plasma membrane (PM) and vacuolar membrane (VM) of guard cells. However, the coupling mechanisms of ion transporters in both membranes and their interplay with Ca2+ and pH changes are largely unclear. Here, we investigated transporter networks in tobacco guard cells and mesophyll cells using multiparametric live-cell ion imaging and computational simulations. K+ and anion fluxes at both, PM and VM, affected H+ and Ca2+ , as changes in extracellular KCl or KNO3 concentrations were accompanied by cytosolic and vacuolar pH shifts and changes in [Ca2+ ]cyt and the membrane potential. At both membranes, the K+ transporter networks mediated an antiport of K+ and H+ . By contrast, net transport of anions was accompanied by parallel H+ transport, with differences in transport capacity for chloride and nitrate. Guard and mesophyll cells exhibited similarities in K+ /H+ transport but cell type-specific differences in [H+ ]cyt and pH-dependent [Ca2+ ]cyt signals. Computational cell biology models explained mechanistically the properties of transporter networks and the coupling of transport across the PM and VM. Our integrated approach indicates fundamental principles of coupled ion transport at membrane sandwiches to control H+ /K+ homeostasis and points to transceptor-like Ca2+ /H+ -based ion signaling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Li
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Grauschopf
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Faculty of Engineering, Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), University of Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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17
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Fuchs P, Feixes-Prats E, Arruda P, Feitosa-Araújo E, Fernie AR, Grefen C, Lichtenauer S, Linka N, de Godoy Maia I, Meyer AJ, Schilasky S, Sweetlove LJ, Wege S, Weber APM, Millar AH, Keech O, Florez-Sarasa I, Barreto P, Schwarzländer M. PLANT UNCOUPLING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN 2 localizes to the Golgi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:623-628. [PMID: 37820040 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to its close homolog PLANT UNCOUPLING MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN 1 (UCP1), which is an abundant carrier protein in the mitochondria, UCP2 localizes to the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisenda Feixes-Prats
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-875 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araújo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Botany, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivan de Godoy Maia
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sören Schilasky
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Biology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
| | - Stefanie Wege
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Barreto
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
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18
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Li SA, Meng XY, Zhang YJ, Chen CL, Jiao YX, Zhu YQ, Liu PP, Sun W. Progress in pH-Sensitive sensors: essential tools for organelle pH detection, spotlighting mitochondrion and diverse applications. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1339518. [PMID: 38269286 PMCID: PMC10806205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the field of cellular imaging and physiology, offering insight into the dynamic pH changes that underlie fundamental cellular processes. This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications and recent advances in the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins. These remarkable tools enable researchers to visualize and monitor pH variations within subcellular compartments, especially mitochondria, shedding light on organelle-specific pH regulation. They play pivotal roles in visualizing exocytosis and endocytosis events in synaptic transmission, monitoring cell death and apoptosis, and understanding drug effects and disease progression. Recent advancements have led to improved photostability, pH specificity, and subcellular targeting, enhancing their utility. Techniques for multiplexed imaging, three-dimensional visualization, and super-resolution microscopy are expanding the horizon of pH-sensitive protein applications. The future holds promise for their integration into optogenetics and drug discovery. With their ever-evolving capabilities, pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins remain indispensable tools for unravelling cellular dynamics and driving breakthroughs in biological research. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers seeking to harness the potential of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ang Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Meng
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai-Li Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Xue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Burn and Repair Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Roze LV, Johnson A, Gregory LM, Tejera-Nieves M, Walker BJ. High Throughput Phosphoglycolate Phosphatase Activity Assay Using Crude Leaf Extract and Recombinant Enzyme to Determine Kinetic Parameters K m and V max Using a Microplate Reader. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2792:3-17. [PMID: 38861074 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3802-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Determining enzyme activities involved in photorespiration, either in a crude plant tissue extract or in a preparation of a recombinant enzyme, is time-consuming, especially when large number of samples need to be processed. This chapter presents a phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP) activity assay that is adapted for use in a 96-well microplate format. The microplate format for the assay requires fewer enzymes and reagents and allows rapid and less expensive measurement of PGLP enzyme activity. The small volume of reaction mix in a 96-well microplate format enables the determination of PGLP enzyme activity for screening many plant samples, multiple enzyme activities using the same protein extract, and/or identifying kinetic parameters for a recombinant enzyme. To assist in preparing assay reagents, we also present an R Shiny buffer preparation app for PGLP and other photorespiratory enzyme activities and a Km and Vmax calculation app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Roze
- Department of Energy - Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Audrey Johnson
- Department of Energy - Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Luke M Gregory
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mauricio Tejera-Nieves
- Department of Energy - Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Department of Energy - Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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20
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Xu F, Yu F. Sensing and regulation of plant extracellular pH. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1422-1437. [PMID: 37596188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pH determines nutrient acquisition and sensing, and triggers responses to osmotic stress, whereas pH homeostasis protects the cellular machinery. Extracellular pH (pHe) controls the chemistry and rheology of the cell wall to adjust its elasticity and regulate cell expansion in space and time. Plasma membrane (PM)-localized proton pumps, cell-wall components, and cell wall-remodeling enzymes jointly maintain pHe homeostasis. To adapt to their environment and modulate growth and development, plant cells must sense subtle changes in pHe caused by the environment or neighboring cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that PM-localized cell-surface peptide-receptor pairs sense pHe. We highlight recent advances in understanding how plants perceive and maintain pHe, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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21
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Gregory LM, Roze LV, Walker BJ. Increased activity of core photorespiratory enzymes and CO 2 transfer conductances are associated with higher and more optimal photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures in the extremophile Rhazya stricta. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3704-3720. [PMID: 37667571 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Increase photorespiration and optimising intrinsic water use efficiency are unique challenges to photosynthetic carbon fixation at elevated temperatures. To determine how plants can adapt to facilitate high rates of photorespiration at elevated temperatures while also maintaining water-use efficiency, we performed in-depth gas exchange and biochemical assays of the C3 extremophile, Rhazya stricta. These results demonstrate that R. stricta supports higher rates of photorespiration under elevated temperatures and that these higher rates of photorespiration correlate with increased activity of key photorespiratory enzymes; phosphoglycolate phosphatase and catalase. The increased photorespiratory enzyme activities may increase the overall capacity of photorespiration by reducing enzymatic bottlenecks and allowing minimal inhibitor accumulation under high photorespiratory rates. Additionally, we found the CO2 transfer conductances (stomatal and mesophyll) are re-allocated to increase the water-use efficiency in R. stricta but not necessarily the photosynthetic response to temperature. These results suggest important adaptive strategies in R. stricta that maintain photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures with optimal water loss. The strategies found in R. stricta may inform breeding and engineering efforts in other C3 species to improve photosynthetic efficiency at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Gregory
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ludmila V Roze
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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22
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Ung KL, Schulz L, Kleine-Vehn J, Pedersen BP, Hammes UZ. Auxin transport at the endoplasmic reticulum: roles and structural similarity of PIN-FORMED and PIN-LIKES. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6893-6903. [PMID: 37279330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial plant hormone that controls a multitude of developmental processes. The directional movement of auxin between cells is largely facilitated by canonical PIN-FORMED proteins in the plasma membrane. In contrast, non-canonical PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES proteins appear to reside mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite recent progress in identifying the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum in cellular auxin responses, the transport dynamics of auxin at the endoplasmic reticulum are not well understood. PIN-LIKES are structurally related to PIN-FORMED proteins, and recently published structures of these transporters have provided new insights into PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES function. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES in intracellular auxin transport. We discuss the physiological properties of the endoplasmic reticulum and the consequences for transport processes across the ER membrane. Finally, we highlight the emerging role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the dynamics of cellular auxin signalling and its impact on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Lam Ung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lukas Schulz
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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23
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von Bismarck T, Wendering P, Perez de Souza L, Ruß J, Strandberg L, Heyneke E, Walker BJ, Schöttler MA, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Armbruster U. Growth in fluctuating light buffers plants against photorespiratory perturbations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7052. [PMID: 37923709 PMCID: PMC10624928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorespiration (PR) is the pathway that detoxifies the product of the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco. It has been hypothesized that in dynamic light environments, PR provides a photoprotective function. To test this hypothesis, we characterized plants with varying PR enzyme activities under fluctuating and non-fluctuating light conditions. Contrasting our expectations, growth of mutants with decreased PR enzyme levels was least affected in fluctuating light compared with wild type. Results for growth, photosynthesis and metabolites combined with thermodynamics-based flux analysis revealed two main causal factors for this unanticipated finding: reduced rates of photosynthesis in fluctuating light and complex re-routing of metabolic fluxes. Only in non-fluctuating light, mutants lacking the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 re-routed glycolate processing to the chloroplast, resulting in photooxidative damage through H2O2 production. Our results reveal that dynamic light environments buffer plant growth and metabolism against photorespiratory perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekla von Bismarck
- Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Philipp Wendering
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jeremy Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Linnéa Strandberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Berkley J Walker
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd Rm 212, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Molecular Photosynthesis, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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24
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Shao X, Xu H, Pimpl P. Nanobody-based VSR7 tracing shows clathrin-dependent TGN to Golgi recycling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6926. [PMID: 37903761 PMCID: PMC10616157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transport of soluble proteins is nature's key to empowering eukaryotic cells to access a plethora of macromolecules, either by direct accumulation or as products from resulting biochemical pathways. The transport efficiency of these mechanisms results from the receptor's capability to capture, transport, and release ligands on the one hand and the cycling ability that allows for performing multiple rounds of ligand transport on the other. However, the plant VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR (VSR) protein family is diverse, and their ligand-specificity and bidirectional trafficking routes and transport mechanisms remain highly controversial. Here we employ nanobody-epitope interaction-based molecular tools to assess the function of the VSR 7 in vivo. We demonstrate the specificity of the VSR7 for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals, and we trace its anterograde transport and retrograde recycling route. VSR7 localizes at the cis-Golgi apparatus at steady state conditions and transports ligands downstream to release them in the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) before undergoing clathrin-dependent recycling from the TGN/EE back to the cis-Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shao
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peter Pimpl
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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25
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Ageyeva MN, Zdobnova TA, Nazarova MS, Raldugina GN, Beliaev DV, Vodeneev VA, Brilkina AA. The Morphological Parameters and Cytosolic pH of Cells of Root Zones in Tobacco Plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): Nonlinear Effects of NaCl Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3708. [PMID: 37960064 PMCID: PMC10648452 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impacts important processes in plants, reducing their yield. The effect of salinity on the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) has been little studied. In this research, we employed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP to investigate the alterations in pHcyt in cells across various root zones. Furthermore, we examined a wide spectrum of NaCl concentrations (ranging from 0 to 150 mM) and assessed morphological parameters and plant development. Our findings revealed a pattern of cytosolic acidification in cells across all root zones at lower NaCl concentrations (50, 100 mM). Interestingly, at 150 mM NaCl, pHcyt levels either increased or returned to normal, indicating a nonlinear effect of salinity on pHcyt. Most studied parameters related to development and morphology exhibited an inhibitory influence in response to NaCl. Notably, a nonlinear relationship was observed in the cell length within the elongation and differentiation zones. While cell elongation occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, it was not evident at 150 mM NaCl. This suggests a complex interplay between stimulating and inhibitory effects of salinity, contributing to the nonlinear relationship observed between pHcyt, cell length, and NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana A. Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Mariia S. Nazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Laboratory of Ion Transport and Salinity Resistance, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Beliaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Anna A. Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
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26
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Amthor JS. ATP yield of plant respiration: potential, actual and unknown. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:133-162. [PMID: 37409716 PMCID: PMC10550282 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ATP yield of plant respiration (ATP/hexose unit respired) quantitatively links active heterotrophic processes with substrate consumption. Despite its importance, plant respiratory ATP yield is uncertain. The aim here was to integrate current knowledge of cellular mechanisms with inferences required to fill knowledge gaps to generate a contemporary estimate of respiratory ATP yield and identify important unknowns. METHOD A numerical balance sheet model combining respiratory carbon metabolism and electron transport pathways with uses of the resulting transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient was created and parameterized for healthy, non-photosynthesizing plant cells catabolizing sucrose or starch to produce cytosolic ATP. KEY RESULTS Mechanistically, the number of c subunits in the mitochondrial ATP synthase Fo sector c-ring, which is unquantified in plants, affects ATP yield. A value of 10 was (justifiably) used in the model, in which case respiration of sucrose potentially yields about 27.5 ATP/hexose (0.5 ATP/hexose more from starch). Actual ATP yield often will be smaller than its potential due to bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, even in unstressed plants. Notably, all else being optimal, if 25 % of respiratory O2 uptake is via the alternative oxidase - a typically observed fraction - ATP yield falls 15 % below its potential. CONCLUSIONS Plant respiratory ATP yield is smaller than often assumed (certainly less than older textbook values of 36-38 ATP/hexose) leading to underestimation of active-process substrate requirements. This hinders understanding of ecological/evolutionary trade-offs between competing active processes and assessments of crop growth gains possible through bioengineering of processes that consume ATP. Determining the plant mitochondrial ATP synthase c-ring size, the degree of any minimally required (useful) bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, and the magnitude of any 'leaks' in the inner mitochondrial membrane are key research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Amthor
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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27
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Wan H, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhou G, Pan L, Fernie AR, Ruan YL. Evolution of cytosolic and organellar invertases empowered the colonization and thriving of land plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1227-1243. [PMID: 37429000 PMCID: PMC10661998 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular innovation underpinning efficient carbon and energy metabolism during evolution of land plants remains largely unknown. Invertase-mediated sucrose cleavage into hexoses is central to fuel growth. Why some cytoplasmic invertases (CINs) function in the cytosol, whereas others operate in chloroplasts and mitochondria, is puzzling. We attempted to shed light on this question from an evolutionary perspective. Our analyses indicated that plant CINs originated from a putatively orthologous ancestral gene in cyanobacteria and formed the plastidic CIN (α1 clade) through endosymbiotic gene transfer, while its duplication in algae with a loss of its signal peptide produced the β clade CINs in the cytosol. The mitochondrial CINs (α2) were derived from duplication of the plastidic CINs and coevolved with vascular plants. Importantly, the copy number of mitochondrial and plastidic CINs increased upon the emergence of seed plants, corresponding with the rise of respiratory, photosynthetic, and growth rates. The cytosolic CIN (β subfamily) kept expanding from algae to gymnosperm, indicating its role in supporting the increase in carbon use efficiency during evolution. Affinity purification mass spectrometry identified a cohort of proteins interacting with α1 and 2 CINs, which points to their roles in plastid and mitochondrial glycolysis, oxidative stress tolerance, and the maintenance of subcellular sugar homeostasis. Collectively, the findings indicate evolutionary roles of α1 and α2 CINs in chloroplasts and mitochondria for achieving high photosynthetic and respiratory rates, respectively, which, together with the expanding of cytosolic CINs, likely underpin the colonization of land plants through fueling rapid growth and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Limin Wu
- Food and Agriculture, CSIRO, ACT, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Luzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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28
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Park SC, Yoon AM, Kim YM, Lee MY, Lee JR. Antifungal Action of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP21 via Induction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1767. [PMID: 37760070 PMCID: PMC10525234 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The realm of antimicrobial proteins in plants is extensive but remains relatively uncharted. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of plant antifungal proteins (AFPs) holds promise for antifungal strategies. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively screening Arabidopsis thaliana species to identify novel AFPs. Using MALDI-TOF analysis, we identified a member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR1 (TCP) family of transcription factors as a novel AFP, A. thaliana TCP21 (AtTCP21; accession number NP_196450). Bacterially purified recombinant AtTCP21 inhibited the growth of various pathogenic fungal cells. AtTCP21 was more potent than melittin, a well-known AFP, in combating Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Growth inhibition assays against various fungal pathogens and yeasts confirmed the pH-dependent antimicrobial activity of AtTCP21. Without inducing any membrane alterations, AtTCP21 penetrates the fungal cell wall and membrane, where it instigates a repressive milieu for fungal cell growth by generating intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxides; resulting in morphological changes and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate the redox-regulating effects of AtTCP21 and point to its potential as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.P.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - A-Mi Yoon
- LMO Team, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.-C.P.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- LMO Team, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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29
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Laurel M, Mojzita D, Seppänen-Laakso T, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Rischer H. Raspberry Ketone Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Expression of Fused Pathway Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13391-13400. [PMID: 37656963 PMCID: PMC10510385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone has generated interest in recent years both as a flavor agent and as a health promoting supplement. Raspberry ketone can be synthesized chemically, but the value of a natural nonsynthetic product is among the most valuable flavor compounds on the market. Coumaroyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is the direct precursor for raspberry ketone but also an essential precursor for flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis in plants and therefore highly regulated. The synthetic fusion of 4-coumaric acid ligase (4CL) and benzalacetone synthase (BAS) enables the channeling of coumaroyl-CoA from the ligase to the synthase, proving to be a powerful tool in the production of raspberry ketone in both N. benthamiana and S. cerevisiae. To the best of our knowledge, the key pathway genes for raspberry ketone formation are transiently expressed in N. benthamiana for the first time in this study, producing over 30 μg/g of the compound. Our raspberry ketone producing yeast strains yielded up to 60 mg/L, which is the highest ever reported in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laurel
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Dominik Mojzita
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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30
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Munan S, Yadav R, Pareek N, Samanta A. Ratiometric fluorescent probes for pH mapping in cellular organelles. Analyst 2023; 148:4242-4262. [PMID: 37581493 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular pH (pHi) in organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and nuclei, differs from the cytoplasmic pH, and thus maintaining the pH of these organelles is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Alterations in the intracellular pH (ΔpHi) in organelles lead to the disruption of cell proliferation, ion transportation, cellular homeostasis, and even cell death. Hence, accurately mapping the pH of organelles is crucial. Accordingly, the development of fluorescence imaging probes for targeting specific organelles and monitoring their dynamics at the molecular level has become the forefront of research in the last three decades. Among them, ratiometric fluorescent probes minimize the interference from the excitation wavelength of light, auto-fluorescence from probe concentration, environmental fluctuations, and instrument sensitivity through self-correction compared to monochromatic fluorescent probes, which are known as turn-on/off fluorescent probes. Small-molecular ratiometric fluorescent probes for detecting ΔpHi are challenging yet demanding. To date, sixty-two ratiometric pH probes have been reported for monitoring internal pH alterations in cellular organelles. However, a critical review on organelle-specific ratiometric probes for pH mapping is still lacking. Thus, in the present review, we report the most recent advances in ratiometric pH probes and the previous data on the role of mapping the ΔpHi of cellular organelles. The development strategy, including ratiometric fluorescence with one reference signal (RFRS) and ratiometric fluorescence with two reversible signals (RFRvS), is systematically illustrated. Finally, we emphasize the major challenges in developing ratiometric probes that merit further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Niharika Pareek
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
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31
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Walker-Hale N, Guo R, Sheehan H, Timoneda A, Gandia-Herrero F, Brockington SF. Are seven amino acid substitutions sufficient to explain the evolution of high l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity leading to betalain pigmentation? Revisiting the gain-of-function mutants of Bean et al. (2018). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2265-2276. [PMID: 37243529 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work revisits a publication by Bean et al. (2018) that reports seven amino acid substitutions are essential for the evolution of l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA) activity in Caryophyllales. In this study, we explore several concerns which led us to replicate the analyses of Bean et al. (2018). Our comparative analyses, with structural modelling, implicate numerous residues additional to those identified by Bean et al. (2018), with many of these additional residues occurring around the active site of BvDODAα1. We therefore replicated the analyses of Bean et al. (2018) to re-observe the effect of their original seven residue substitutions in a BvDODAα2 background, that is the BvDODAα2-mut3 variant. Multiple in vivo assays, in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, did not result in visible DODA activity in BvDODAα2-mut3, with betalain production always 10-fold below BvDODAα1. In vitro assays also revealed substantial differences in both catalytic activity and pH optima between BvDODAα1, BvDODAα2 and BvDODAα2-mut3 proteins, explaining their differing performance in vivo. In summary, we were unable to replicate the in vivo analyses of Bean et al. (2018), and our quantitative in vivo and in vitro analyses suggest a minimal effect of these seven residues in altering catalytic activity of BvDODAα2. We conclude that the evolutionary pathway to high DODA activity is substantially more complex than implied by Bean et al. (2018).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathanael Walker-Hale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hester Sheehan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfonso Timoneda
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernando Gandia-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Samuel F Brockington
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Zhang X, Wang L, Pan T, Wu X, Shen J, Jiang L, Tajima H, Blumwald E, Qiu QS. Plastid KEA-type cation/H + antiporters are required for vacuolar protein trafficking in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2157-2174. [PMID: 37252889 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plastid antiporters KEA1 and KEA2 are critical for plastid development, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant development. Here, we show that KEA1 and KEA2 are involved in vacuolar protein trafficking. Genetic analyses found that the kea1 kea2 mutants had short siliques, small seeds, and short seedlings. Molecular and biochemical assays showed that seed storage proteins were missorted out of the cell and the precursor proteins were accumulated in kea1 kea2. Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) were smaller in kea1 kea2. Further analyses showed that endosomal trafficking in kea1 kea2 was compromised. Vacuolar sorting receptor 1 (VSR1) subcellular localizations, VSR-cargo interactions, and p24 distribution on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus were affected in kea1 kea2. Moreover, plastid stromule growth was reduced and plastid association with the endomembrane compartments was disrupted in kea1 kea2. Stromule growth was regulated by the cellular pH and K+ homeostasis maintained by KEA1 and KEA2. The organellar pH along the trafficking pathway was altered in kea1 kea2. Overall, KEA1 and KEA2 regulate vacuolar trafficking by controlling the function of plastid stromules via adjusting pH and K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Onuh AF, Miwa K. Mutations in type II Golgi-localized proton pyrophosphatase AVP2;1/VHP2;1 affect pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II and alter root growth under low boron condition in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255486. [PMID: 37662170 PMCID: PMC10469939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The essential plant nutrient boron is required for the crosslinking of the pectin polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). The synthesis of the pectic polysaccharides takes place in the Golgi apparatus, acidified by proton pumps. AVP2;1/VHP2;1 is a type II proton pyrophosphatase localized in the Golgi apparatus, which possesses proton pumping activity coupled with pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Its activity and expression patterns have been previously revealed but its role in plants remains unknown. The aim of the present work therefore was to explore the physiological role of AVP2;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the screening of mutants under low boron, a mutant carrying a missense mutation in AVP2;1 was isolated. This mutant showed increased primary root growth under low boron conditions but no significant difference under normal boron condition compared to wild type plants. T-DNA insertion caused similar growth, suggesting that reduced function of AVP2;1 was responsible. Root cell observation revealed an increase in meristematic zone length, cell number in meristem and length of matured cell in avp2;1 mutants compared to wild type under low boron. Calcium concentration was reduced in mutant root cell wall under low boron. RG-II specific sugars also tended to be decreased in mutant root cell wall under low and normal boron conditions. These results suggest that changes in cell wall component by mutations in AVP2;1 may possibly explain the increased root length of mutants under low boron. This supports the idea that AVP2;1 plays a role in pH homoeostasis in Golgi apparatus for pectin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Alonso MT, Torres-Vidal P, Calvo B, Rodriguez C, Delrio-Lorenzo A, Rojo-Ruiz J, Garcia-Sancho J, Patel S. Use of aequorin-based indicators for monitoring Ca 2+ in acidic organelles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119481. [PMID: 37142127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there is accumulating evidence that acidic organelles can accumulate and release Ca2+ upon cell activation. Hence, reliable recording of Ca2+ dynamics in these compartments is essential for understanding the physiopathological aspects of acidic organelles. Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) are valuable tools to monitor Ca2+ in specific locations, although their use in acidic compartments is challenging due to the pH sensitivity of most available fluorescent GECIs. By contrast, bioluminescent GECIs have a combination of features (marginal pH sensitivity, low background, no phototoxicity, no photobleaching, high dynamic range and tunable affinity) that render them advantageous to achieve an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in acidic compartments. This article reviews the use of bioluminescent aequorin-based GECIs targeted to acidic compartments. A need for more measurements in highly acidic compartments is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Alonso
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - P Torres-Vidal
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - B Calvo
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C Rodriguez
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - A Delrio-Lorenzo
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Avenida Universidad, 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rojo-Ruiz
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J Garcia-Sancho
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - S Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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35
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Farthing EC, Henbest KC, Garcia‐Becerra T, Peaston KA, Williams LE. Dissecting the relative contribution of ECA3 and group 8/9 cation diffusion facilitators to manganese homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e495. [PMID: 37228331 PMCID: PMC10202827 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth but becomes toxic when present in excess. A number of Arabidopsis proteins are involved in Mn transport including ECA3, MTPs, and NRAMPs; however, their relative contributions to Mn homeostasis remain to be demonstrated. A major focus here was to clarify the importance of ECA3 in responding to Mn deficiency and toxicity using a range of mutants. We show that ECA3 localizes to the trans-Golgi and plays a major role in response to Mn deficiency with severe effects seen in eca3 nramp1 nramp2 under low Mn supply. ECA3 plays a minor role in Mn-toxicity tolerance, but only when the cis-Golgi-localized MTP11 is non-functional. We also use mutants and overexpressors to determine the relative contributions of MTP members to Mn homeostasis. The trans-Golgi-localized MTP10 plays a role in Mn-toxicity tolerance, but this is only revealed in mutants when MTP8 and MTP11 are non-functional and when overexpressed in mtp11 mutants. MTP8 and MTP10 confer greater Mn-toxicity resistance to the pmr1 yeast mutant than MTP11, and an important role for the first aspartate in the fifth transmembrane domain DxxxD motif is demonstrated. Overall, new insight into the relative influence of key transporters in Mn homeostasis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Farthing
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | - Kate C. Henbest
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
| | | | - Kerry A. Peaston
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK
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Li Z, Huang J, Wang L, Li D, Chen Y, Xu Y, Li L, Xiao H, Luo Z. Novel insight into the role of sulfur dioxide in fruits and vegetables: Chemical interactions, biological activity, metabolism, applications, and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8741-8765. [PMID: 37128783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) are a category of chemical compounds widely used as additives in food industry. So far, the use of SO2 in fruit and vegetable industry has been indispensable although its safety concerns have been controversial. This article comprehensively reviews the chemical interactions of SO2 with the components of fruit and vegetable products, elaborates its mechanism of antimicrobial, anti-browning, and antioxidation, discusses its roles in regulation of sulfur metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/redox, resistance induction, and quality maintenance in fruits and vegetables, summarizes the application technology of SO2 and its safety in human (absorption, metabolism, toxicity, regulation), and emphasizes the intrinsic metabolism of SO2 and its consequences for the postharvest physiology and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In order to fully understand the benefits and risks of SO2, more research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of SO2 metabolism in the cells and tissues of fruits and vegetables, and to uncover the interaction mechanisms between SO2 and the components of fruits and vegetables as well as the efficacy and safety of bound SO2. This review has important guiding significance for adjusting an applicable definition of maximum residue limit of SO2 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Hamada A, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa T, Maruta T. Chloroplast dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione cooperatively determine the capacity for ascorbate accumulation under photooxidative stress conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:68-82. [PMID: 36694959 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an indispensable redox buffer essential for plant growth and stress acclimation. Its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate (DHA), undergoes rapid degradation unless it is recycled back into ascorbate by glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions, with the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs). Our recent study utilizing an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant (∆dhar pad2), which lacks all three DHARs (∆dhar) and is deficient in GSH (pad2), has posited that these GSH-dependent reactions operate in a complementary manner, enabling a high accumulation of ascorbate under high-light stress. However, as Arabidopsis DHAR functions in the cytosol or chloroplasts, it remained unclear which isoform played a more significant role in cooperation with GSH-dependent non-enzymatic reactions. To further comprehend the intricate network of ascorbate recycling systems in plants, we generated mutant lines lacking cytosolic DHAR1/2 or chloroplastic DHAR3, or both, in another GSH-deficient background (cad2). A comprehensive comparison of ascorbate profiles in these mutants under conditions of photooxidative stress induced by various light intensities or methyl viologen unequivocally demonstrated that chloroplastic DHAR3, but not cytosolic isoforms, works in concert with GSH to accumulate ascorbate. Our findings further illustrate that imbalances between stress intensity and recycling capacity significantly impact ascorbate pool size and tolerance to photooxidative stress. Additionally, it was found that the absence of DHARs and GSH deficiency do not impede ascorbate biosynthesis, at least in terms of transcription or activity of biosynthetic enzymes. This study provides insights into the robustness of ascorbate recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
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38
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Shen J, Zhao R. Live measurement of organelle pH by plant pHluorins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:486-487. [PMID: 36610817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
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39
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Yuan Y, Cao F, Yuan G. Fluorescent-Dye-Labeled Amino Acids for Real-Time Imaging in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073126. [PMID: 37049890 PMCID: PMC10095931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid is the main transport form of reduced nitrogen in plants. To investigate the uptake and source–sink translocation process of plants to help understand their physiological roles and transport mechanisms, we designed and synthesized three fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids as tools to visualize amino acid transportation in Arabidopsis thaliana; these amino acids consist of amino acids linked to the fluorophore nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) with excellent optical properties. Furthermore, we incubated Arabidopsis thaliana with these NBD fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids for real-time imaging along with fluorescence enhancement for 24 h. The results showed that Arabidopsis thaliana could absorb them directly from the roots to the leaves. Therefore, our fluorescent-dye-labeled amino acids provide a de novo tool and strategy for visualizing amino acid absorption and transportation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Fuxiang Cao
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guangming Yuan
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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40
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Nishii M, Ito S, Osanai T. Citrate synthase from Cyanidioschyzon merolae exhibits high oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA catalytic efficiency. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:429-438. [PMID: 36884198 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS) catalyzes the reaction that produces citrate and CoA from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. All TCA cycle enzymes are localized to the mitochondria in the model organism, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The biochemical properties of CS have been studied in some eukaryotes, but the biochemical properties of CS in algae, including C. merolae, have not been studied. We then performed the biochemical analysis of CS from C. merolae mitochondria (CmCS4). The results showed that the kcat/Km of CmCS4 for oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA were higher than those of the cyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Monovalent and divalent cations inhibited CmCS4, and in the presence of KCl, the Km of CmCS4 for oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA was higher in the presence of MgCl2, the Km of CmCS4 for oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA was higher and kcat lower. However, in the presence of KCl and MgCl2, the kcat/Km of CmCS4 was higher than those of the three cyanobacteria species. The high catalytic efficiency of CmCS4 for oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA may be a factor in the increased carbon flow into the TCA cycle in C. merolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nishii
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, 214-8571, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoki Ito
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, 214-8571, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, 214-8571, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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41
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Salinity-Induced Cytosolic Alkaline Shifts in Arabidopsis Roots Require the SOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043549. [PMID: 36834961 PMCID: PMC9960406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to sense, respond to and overcome the detrimental effects of high soil salinity. The role of calcium transients in salinity stress signaling is well established, but the physiological significance of concurrent salinity-induced changes in cytosolic pH remains largely undefined. Here, we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis roots expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric pH-sensor pHGFP fused to marker proteins for the recruitment of the sensor to the cytosolic side of the tonoplast (pHGFP-VTI11) and the plasma membrane (pHGFP-LTI6b). Salinity elicited a rapid alkalinization of cytosolic pH (pHcyt) in the meristematic and elongation zone of wild-type roots. The pH-shift near the plasma membrane preceded that at the tonoplast. In pH-maps transversal to the root axis, the epidermis and cortex had cells with a more alkaline pHcyt relative to cells in the stele in control conditions. Conversely, seedlings treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited an increased pHcyt in cells of the vasculature relative to the external layers of the root, and this response occurred in both reporter lines. These pHcyt changes were substantially reduced in mutant roots lacking a functional SOS3/CBL4 protein, suggesting that the operation of the SOS pathway mediated the dynamics of pHcyt in response to salinity.
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42
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Tojo H, Tabeta H, Gunji S, Hirai MY, David P, Javot H, Ferjani A. Roles of type II H +-PPases and PPsPase1/PECP2 in early developmental stages and PPi homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1031426. [PMID: 36778688 PMCID: PMC9911876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1031426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) level is crucial for proper morphogenesis across all taxonomic kingdoms. PPi is released as a byproduct from ~200 metabolic reactions, then hydrolyzed by either membrane-bound (H+-PPase) or soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases). In Arabidopsis, the loss of the vacuolar H+-PPase/FUGU5, a key enzyme in PPi homeostasis, results in delayed growth and a number of developmental defects, pointing to the importance of PPi homeostasis in plant morphogenesis. The Arabidopsis genome encodes several PPases in addition to FUGU5, such as PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2, although their significance regarding PPi homeostasis remains elusive. Here, to assess their contribution, phenotypic analyses of cotyledon aspect ratio, palisade tissue cellular phenotypes, adaxial side pavement cell complexity, stomatal distribution, and etiolated seedling length were performed, provided that they were altered due to excess PPi in a fugu5 mutant background. Overall, our analyses revealed that the above five traits were unaffected in ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 loss-of-function mutants, as well as in fugu5 mutant lines constitutively overexpressing PPsPase1/PECP2. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that ppspase1/pecp2, vhp2;1 and vhp2;2 etiolated seedlings exhibited metabolic profiles comparable to the wild type. Together, these results indicate that the contribution of PPsPase1/PECP2, VHP2;1 and VHP2;2 to PPi levels is negligible in comparison to FUGU5 in the early stages of seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tojo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Y. Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Lim PK, Julca I, Mutwil M. Redesigning plant specialized metabolism with supervised machine learning using publicly available reactome data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1639-1650. [PMID: 36874159 PMCID: PMC9976193 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense structural diversity of products and intermediates of plant specialized metabolism (specialized metabolites) makes them rich sources of therapeutic medicine, nutrients, and other useful materials. With the rapid accumulation of reactome data that can be accessible on biological and chemical databases, along with recent advances in machine learning, this review sets out to outline how supervised machine learning can be used to design new compounds and pathways by exploiting the wealth of said data. We will first examine the various sources from which reactome data can be obtained, followed by explaining the different machine learning encoding methods for reactome data. We then discuss current supervised machine learning developments that can be employed in various aspects to help redesign plant specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ken Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irene Julca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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44
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Husted S, Minutello F, Pinna A, Tougaard SL, Møs P, Kopittke PM. What is missing to advance foliar fertilization using nanotechnology? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:90-105. [PMID: 36153275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An urgent challenge within agriculture is to improve fertilizer efficiency in order to reduce the environmental footprint associated with an increased production of crops on existing farmland. Standard soil fertilization strategies are often not very efficient due to immobilization in the soil and losses of nutrients by leaching or volatilization. Foliar fertilization offers an attractive supplementary strategy as it bypasses the adverse soil processes, but implementation is often hampered by a poor penetration through leaf barriers, leaf damage, and a limited ability of nutrients to translocate. Recent advances within bionanotechnology offer a range of emerging possibilities to overcome these challenges. Here we review how nanoparticles can be tailored with smart properties to interact with plant tissue for a more efficient delivery of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Husted
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Francesco Minutello
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrea Pinna
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stine Le Tougaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pauline Møs
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Guo J, Ma Z, Deng C, Ding J, Chang Y. A comprehensive dynamic immune acetylproteomics profiling induced by Puccinia polysora in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:610. [PMID: 36564751 PMCID: PMC9789614 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-ε-acetylation (Kac) is a reversible post-translational modification that plays important roles during plant-pathogen interactions. Some pathogens can deliver secreted effectors encoding acetyltransferases or deacetylases into host cell to directly modify acetylation of host proteins. However, the function of these acetylated host proteins in plant-pathogen defense remains to be determined. Employing high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we analyzed protein abundance and lysine acetylation changes in maize infected with Puccinia polysora (P. polysora) at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. A total of 7412 Kac sites from 4697 proteins were identified, and 1732 Kac sites from 1006 proteins were quantified. Analyzed the features of lysine acetylation, we found that Kac is ubiquitous in cellular compartments and preferentially targets lysine residues in the -F/W/Y-X-X-K (ac)-N/S/T/P/Y/G- motif of the protein, this Kac motif contained proteins enriched in basic metabolism and defense-associated pathways during fungal infection. Further analysis of acetylproteomics data indicated that maize regulates cellular processes in response to P. polysora infection by altering Kac levels of histones and non-histones. In addition, acetylation of pathogen defense-related proteins presented converse patterns in signaling transduction, defense response, cell wall fortification, ROS scavenging, redox reaction and proteostasis. Our results provide informative resources for studying protein acetylation in plant-pathogen interactions, not only greatly extending the understanding on the roles of acetylation in vivo, but also providing a comprehensive dynamic pattern of Kac modifications in the process of plant immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Guo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan university, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ce Deng
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junqiang Ding
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Manoj KM, Bazhin NM, Jacob VD, Parashar A, Gideon DA, Manekkathodi A. Structure-function correlations and system dynamics in oxygenic photosynthesis: classical perspectives and murburn precepts. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10997-11023. [PMID: 34323659 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1953606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Contemporary beliefs on oxygenic photosynthesis are critiqued.Murburn model is suggested as an alternative explanation.In the new model, diffusible reactive species are the main protagonists.All pigments are deemed photo-redox active in the new stochastic mechanism.NADPH synthesis occurs via simple electron transfers, not via elaborate ETC.Oxygenesis is delocalized and not just centered at Mn-Complex.Energetics of murburn proposal for photophosphorylation is provided.The proposal ushers in a paradigm shift in photosynthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian David Jacob
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Kerala, India
| | - Abhinav Parashar
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Kerala, India
| | | | - Afsal Manekkathodi
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Kerala, India
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47
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Yang M, Ismayil A, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zheng X, Yan L, Hong Y, Li D, Liu Y. A viral protein disrupts vacuolar acidification to facilitate virus infection in plants. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108713. [PMID: 34888888 PMCID: PMC8762549 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar acidification is essential for vacuoles in diverse physiological functions. However, its role in plant defense, and whether and how pathogens affect vacuolar acidification to promote infection remain unknown. Here, we show that Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) replicase γa, but not its mutant γaR569A , directly blocks acidification of vacuolar lumen and suppresses autophagic degradation to promote viral infection in plants. These were achieved via molecular interaction between γa and V-ATPase catalytic subunit B2 (VHA-B2), leading to disruption of the interaction between VHA-B2 and V-ATPase catalytic subunit E (VHA-E), which impairs the membrane localization of VHA-B2 and suppresses V-ATPase activity. Furthermore, a mutant virus BSMVR569A with the R569A point mutation possesses less viral pathogenicity. Interestingly, multiple viral infections block vacuolar acidification. These findings reveal that functional vacuolar acidification is required for plant antiviral defense and disruption of vacuolar acidification could be a general viral counter-defense strategy employed by multiple viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Asigul Ismayil
- MOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐BiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liming Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA SignalingCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐BiotechnologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijingChina
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Ageyeva M, Veselov A, Vodeneev V, Brilkina A. Cell-Type-Specific Length and Cytosolic pH Response of Superficial Cells of Arabidopsis Root to Chronic Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243532. [PMID: 36559645 PMCID: PMC9783886 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity negatively affects the growth, development and yield of plants. Acidification of the cytosol in cells of glycophytes was reported under salinity, while various types of plant cells can have a specific reaction under the same conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP in the cytosol were used in this work for determination of morphometric changes and cytosolic pH changes in the superficial cells of Arabidopsis roots under chronic salinity in vitro. We did not find changes in the length of the root cap cells, while there was a decrease in the length of the differentiation zone under 50, 75 mM NaCl and the size of the epidermal cells of the differentiation zone under 75 mM NaCl. The most significant changes of cytosolic pH to chronic salinity was noted in columella (decrease by 1 pH unit at 75 mM NaCl) and epidermal cells of the differentiation zone (decrease by 0.6 and 0.4 pH units at 50 and 75 mM NaCl, respectively). In developed lateral root cap cells, acidification of cytosol by 0.4 units occurred only under 75 mM NaCl in the medium. In poorly differentiated lateral cells of the root cap, there were no changes in pH under chronic salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexander Veselov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Sagarika P, Yadav K, Sahi C. Volleying plasma membrane proteins from birth to death: Role of J-domain proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1072242. [PMID: 36589230 PMCID: PMC9798423 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1072242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The function, stability, and turnover of plasma membrane (PM) proteins are crucial for cellular homeostasis. Compared to soluble proteins, quality control of plasma membrane proteins is extremely challenging. Failure to meet the high quality control standards is detrimental to cellular and organismal health. J-domain proteins (JDPs) are among the most diverse group of chaperones that collaborate with other chaperones and protein degradation machinery to oversee cellular protein quality control (PQC). Although fragmented, the available literature from different models, including yeast, mammals, and plants, suggests that JDPs assist PM proteins with their synthesis, folding, and trafficking to their destination as well as their degradation, either through endocytic or proteasomal degradation pathways. Moreover, some JDPs interact directly with the membrane to regulate the stability and/or functionality of proteins at the PM. The deconvoluted picture emerging is that PM proteins are relayed from one JDP to another throughout their life cycle, further underscoring the versatility of the Hsp70:JDP machinery in the cell.
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50
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Wang L, Lin Z, Carli J, Gladala‐Kostarz A, Davies JM, Franklin‐Tong VE, Bosch M. Depletion plays a pivotal role in self-incompatibility, revealing a link between cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and actin remodelling in pollen tubes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1691-1707. [PMID: 35775998 PMCID: PMC9796540 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) involves specific interactions during pollination to reject incompatible ('self') pollen, preventing inbreeding in angiosperms. A key event observed in pollen undergoing the Papaver rhoeas SI response is the formation of punctate F-actin foci. Pollen tube growth is heavily energy-dependent, yet ATP levels in pollen tubes have not been directly measured during SI. Here we used transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the Papaver pollen S-determinant to investigate a possible link between ATP levels, cytosolic pH ([pH]cyt ) and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton. We identify for the first time that SI triggers a rapid and significant ATP depletion in pollen tubes. Artificial depletion of ATP triggered cytosolic acidification and formation of actin aggregates. We also identify in vivo, evidence for a threshold [pH]cyt of 5.8 for actin foci formation. Imaging revealed that SI stimulates acidic cytosolic patches adjacent to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that ATP depletion plays a pivotal role in SI upstream of programmed cell death and reveals a link between the cellular energy status, cytosolic acidification and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Papaver SI in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - José Carli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Agnieszka Gladala‐Kostarz
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Vernonica E. Franklin‐Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythSY23 3EEUK
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