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Bakare AA, Moses VY, Beckely CT, Oluyemi TI, Ogunfeitimi GO, Adelaja AA, Ayorinde GT, Gbadebo AM, Fagbenro OS, Ogunsuyi OI, Ogunsuyi OM, Ige OM. The first-line antituberculosis drugs, and their fixed-dose combination induced abnormal sperm morphology and histological lesions in the testicular cells of male mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1023413. [PMID: 36582470 PMCID: PMC9793334 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1023413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA), and/or their fixed-dose combination (FDC) are extensively prescribed in the cure of Tuberculosis (TB) globally. In spite of the beneficial effect, these drugs are capable of inducing cellular toxicity. Existing information on the genotoxic effects of the first-line anti-TB drugs is limited and contentious. Herein, we evaluated the reproductive genotoxicity of RIF, INH, EMB, PZA, and their FDC utilizing the mouse sperm morphology assay. Histological examination of the testes of exposed mice was also performed. Male Swiss albino mice (11-13 weeks old) were intraperitoneally exposed for 5 consecutive days to each of the anti-TB drugs at four different doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg bw of PZA; 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw of RIF; 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg bw of INH; 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg bw of EMB; and 7, 14, 28 and 56 mg/kg bw of FDC corresponding respectively to ×0.25, ×0.5, ×1 and ×2.0 of the standard daily dose. In comparison with the negative control (normal saline), there was no significant difference in the testicular weight and organo-somatic index of exposed mice. There was an increase (p > 0.05) in the frequency of abnormal spermatozoa at most of the tested doses of each drug and a dose-dependent decrease with the FDC. Each of the anti-TB drugs except the FDC induced pathological lesions in the testes. These findings suggest that the individual first-line anti-TB drug unlike the FDC has the potential to provoke testicular anomalies in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle A. Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Adekunle A. Bakare, ,
| | - Victoria Y. Moses
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Charles T. Beckely
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluwani I. Oluyemi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gift O. Ogunfeitimi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbemi A. Adelaja
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Glory T. Ayorinde
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukunle S. Fagbenro
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Opeoluwa M. Ogunsuyi
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olusoji Mayowa Ige
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Rodrigues-Junior VS, Villela AD, Abbadi BL, Sperotto NDM, Pissinate K, Picada JN, Bondan da Silva J, Bizarro CV, Machado P, Basso LA. Nonclinical evaluation of IQG-607, an anti-tuberculosis candidate with potential use in combination drug therapy. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 111:104553. [PMID: 31843592 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New effective compounds to treat tuberculosis are urgently needed. IQG-607 is an orally active anti-tuberculosis drug candidate, with promising preliminary safety profile and anti-mycobacterial activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of tuberculosis infection. Here, we evaluated the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of IQG-607, and its interactions with CYP450 isoforms. Moreover, we describe for the first time a combination study of IQG-607 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. Importantly, IQG-607 had additive effects when combined with the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampin and pyrazinamide in mice. IQG-607 presented weak to moderate inhibitory potential against CYP450 isoforms 3A4, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 2E1. The Salmonella mutagenicity test revealed that IQG-607 induced base pair substitution mutations in the strains TA100 and TA1535. However, in the presence of human metabolic S9 fraction, no mutagenic effect was detected in any strain. Additionally, IQG-607 did not increase micronucleus frequencies in mice, at any dose tested, 25, 100, or 250 mg/kg. The favorable activity in combination with first-line drugs and mild to moderate toxic events described in this study suggest that IQG-607 represents a candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valnês S Rodrigues-Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Anne D Villela
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Abbadi
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathalia D M Sperotto
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kenia Pissinate
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline N Picada
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano V Bizarro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Basso
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Castro-Garza J, Luévano-Martínez ML, Villarreal-Treviño L, Gosálvez J, Fernández JL, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, García-Vielma C, González-Hernández S, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes genomic instability in macrophages. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:161-166. [PMID: 29412354 PMCID: PMC5804307 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, which may either block cellular defensive mechanisms and survive inside the host cell or induce cell death. Several studies are still exploring the mechanisms involved in these processes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genomic instability of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages and compare it with that of uninfected macrophages. METHODS We analysed the possible variations in the genomic instability of Mycobacterium-infected macrophages using the DNA breakage detection fluorescence in situ hybridisation (DBD-FISH) technique with a whole human genome DNA probe. FINDINGS Quantitative image analyses showed a significant increase in DNA damage in infected macrophages as compared with uninfected cells. DNA breaks were localised in nuclear membrane blebs, as confirmed with DNA fragmentation assay. Furthermore, a significant increase in micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were observed in infected macrophages versus uninfected cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Genomic instability occurs during mycobacterial infection and these data may be seminal for future research on host cell DNA damage in M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Miriam Lorena Luévano-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández
- Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Catalina García-Vielma
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Silvia González-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
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da Silva ALG, Bresciani MJ, Karnopp TE, Weber AF, Ellwanger JH, Henriques JAP, Valim ARDM, Possuelo LG. DNA damage and cellular abnormalities in tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015; 10:38. [PMID: 26688728 PMCID: PMC4684909 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB), Lung Cancer (LC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) affect millions of individuals worldwide. Monitoring of DNA damage in pathological situations has been investigated because it can add a new dimension to clinical expression and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the frequency of cellular abnormalities in TB, LC and COPD patients by comparing them to healthy subjects. METHODS The detection of DNA damage by a buccal micronucleus cytome assay was investigated in patients with COPD (n = 28), LC (n = 18) and TB (n = 22) and compared to control individuals (n = 17). RESULTS The COPD group had a higher frequency of apoptotic cells compared to TB and LC group. The TB group showed a higher frequency of DNA damage, defect in cytokinesis, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Patients with LC had low frequency of chromosomal aberrations than TB and COPD patients. CONCLUSION COPD patients showed cellular abnormalities that corresponded to cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, while patients with TB presented defects in cytokinesis and dysfunctions in DNA repair that resulted in the formation of micronucleus (MN) besides apoptotic and necrotic cells. Patients with COPD, TB and LC had a low frequency of permanent DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva
- />Department of Health and Physical Education, University of Santa Cruz do Sul – UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, Bairro Universitário, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS CEP 96815-900 Brazil
| | - Maribel Josimara Bresciani
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Thaís Evelyn Karnopp
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Augusto Ferreira Weber
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
- />Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- />Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
- />Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Lia Gonçalves Possuelo
- />Department of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
- />Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
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Bartroff J, Song J. A Rejection Principle for Sequential Tests of Multiple Hypotheses Controlling Familywise Error Rates. Scand Stat Theory Appl 2015; 31:3-19. [PMID: 26985125 DOI: 10.1111/sjos.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a unifying approach to multiple testing procedures for sequential (or streaming) data by giving sufficient conditions for a sequential multiple testing procedure to control the familywise error rate (FWER). Together we call these conditions a "rejection principle for sequential tests," which we then apply to some existing sequential multiple testing procedures to give simplified understanding of their FWER control. Next the principle is applied to derive two new sequential multiple testing procedures with provable FWER control, one for testing hypotheses in order and another for closed testing. Examples of these new procedures are given by applying them to a chromosome aberration data set and to finding the maximum safe dose of a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Bartroff
- Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California
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Kapoor E, Tripathi V, Kumar V, Juyal V, Bhagat S, Ram V. Cyto-genotoxicity Assessment of Potential Anti-tubercular Drug Candidate Molecule-trans-cyclohexane-1, 4-diamine Derivative-9u in Human Lung Epithelial Cells A549. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:69-77. [PMID: 24748738 PMCID: PMC3989918 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.128800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of multiple drug-resistance (MDR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are emerging as one among the serious public health threats and socio-economic burden to the third world countries including India. Last couples of decades are witnesses of the dedicated and sustained efforts made toward the development of target specific and cost-effective antimicrobial agents against MDR-M. tuberculosis. However, the drugs in use are still incapable of controlling the upsurge of MDR. Thus, in order to address the issue, we synthesized a library of symmetrical trans-cyclohexane-1, 4-diamine derivatives and evaluated their anti-mycobacterium activity in H37RV strain of M. tuberculosis. A range of efficacy has been recorded in different derivatives of synthesized compounds and compound “9u” having i-propyl group substitution at p-position, was found to have more significant detrimental effects against the tested strain of M. tuberculosis. The present investigations were aimed to study whether the effective anti-mycobacterium concentrations of “9u” are biologically safe to human cells or not? The human lung epithelial cell line-A549 were exposed to a range of concentrations, i.e., at and above the anti-mycobacterium effective dose of “9u” for a period of 0-96 h. The standard endpoints of cytotoxicity viz., tetrazolium bromide salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase release, trypan blue dye exclusion assays; and genotoxicity viz., micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations assays were used to evaluate the bio-safety of test compound. The compound “9u” shows no significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in A549 cells exposed to 10-5 M for 72 h, a concentration substantially higher than the concentration kill the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis. The compound 9u was found to be safe up to 10-4 M if given for 24 h. The data reveal the therapeutic potential of compound 9u against M. tuberculosis without any having any cytotoxicity and genotoxicity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kapoor
- Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Tripathi
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Veerma Ram
- Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Fatima R, Ashraf M, Ejaz S, Rasheed MA, Altaf I, Afzal M, Batool Z, Saleem U, Anwar K. In vitro toxic action potential of anti tuberculosis drugs and their combinations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:501-513. [PMID: 23806997 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of death due to single infectious agent after HIV/AIDS. Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA) and/or their combinations are extensively prescribed to treat TB. Despite several therapeutic implications, these drugs also produce several toxic effects at cellular level. MTT assay and Ames test were adopted in this study for the determination of cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of these anti-TB drugs. Among all tested drugs, cytotoxic potential of RIF was strongest with highly significant decline (p<0.001) in cell numbers at the concentration of 250μg/ml with LC50 at 325μg/ml, while significant decline (p<0.01) in cell count was observed in INH treated group at the concentration 500μg/ml with LC50 at 1000μg/ml. Moreover, combination RIPE demonstrated significant reduction (p<0.01) in cell number at the concentration of 25-500-500-500μg/ml with LC50 at 60-1200-1200-1200μg/ml. It is apparent from the data that almost all drugs represented identical mutagenic pattern i.e., more significant results were achieved in TA100 with metabolic activation (+S9). RIF proved to be highly mutagenic of all tested drugs with significant mutagenicity (p<0.01) at 0.0525μg/plate against TA98 strain with S9. The combination RIPE exhibited highly significant mutagenic activity (p<0.01) at concentration 0.125-3-3-3μg/plate without S9, while addition of S9 resulted in similar activity at lower doses, i.e., 0.0525-1-1-1μg/plate. It was concluded from the data that all anti-TB drugs possess significant cytotoxic and mutagenic potential, especially in combination, making TB patient more vulnerable to cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of anti-TB drugs, which could produce further health complications in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Muhammad Adil Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- Microbiology Section, Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Batool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umber Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khaleeq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Antineoplastic Drugs as a Potential Risk Factor in Occupational Settings: Mechanisms of Action at the Cell Level, Genotoxic Effects, and Their Detection Using Different Biomarkers. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010; 61:121-46. [DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastični Lijekovi Kao Čimbenik Rizika u Radnom Okolišu: Mehanizmi Djelovanja na Razini Stanice i Pregled Metoda za Otkrivanje Njihovih Genotoksičnih UčinakaU članku je prikazana osnovna podjela antineoplastičnih lijekova prema mehanizmima djelovanja na razini stanice. Objašnjeni su mehanizmi genotoksičnosti najvažnijih vrsta lijekova koji se primjenjuju u okviru uobičajenih protokola za liječenje zloćudnih novotvorina. Navedena je važeća klasifikacija antineoplastika prema kancerogenom potencijalu, podaci o mutagenom potencijalu te je prikazana njihova podjela u skladu s anatomsko-terapijsko-kemijskim sustavom klasifikacije. Sustavno su prikazani najvažniji rezultati svjetskih i hrvatskih istraživanja na populacijama radnika izloženih antineoplasticima, provedenih u razdoblju 1980.-2009. s pomoću četiri najčešće primjenjivane metode: analize izmjena sestrinskih kromatida, analize kromosomskih aberacija, mikronukleus-testa i komet-testa. Objašnjena su osnovna načela navedenih metoda te raspravljene njihove prednosti i nedostaci. Biološki pokazatelji daju važne podatke o individualnoj osjetljivosti profesionalno izloženih ispitanika koji mogu poslužiti unaprjeđenju postojećih uvjeta rada i upravljanju rizicima pri izloženosti genotoksičnim agensima. Na osnovi prednosti i nedostataka citogenetičkih metoda zaključeno je da je mikronukleus-test, koji podjednako uspješno dokazuje klastogene i aneugene učinke, jedna od najboljih metoda dostupnih za otkrivanje štetnih djelovanja antineoplastičnih lijekova koji su u aktivnoj primjeni.
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Heller R, Rosenbaum PR, Small DS. Split Samples and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies. J Am Stat Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1198/jasa.2009.tm08338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Battershill JM, Burnett K, Bull S. Factors affecting the incidence of genotoxicity biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes: impact on design of biomonitoring studies. Mutagenesis 2008; 23:423-37. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Roy LD, Mazumdar M, Giri S. Effects of low dose radiation and vitamin C treatment on chloroquine-induced genotoxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:488-495. [PMID: 18618582 DOI: 10.1002/em.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CHQ) is a commonly used antimalarial agent. We evaluated the genotoxic potential of CHQ using chromosome aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and sperm head abnormality (SA) assays in vivo in Swiss albino mice. The interaction between a low dose of radiation and CHQ, as well as the effect of vitamin C on CHQ-induced genotoxicity, was also evaluated. It was observed that CHQ induced CA, as well as MN, in the bone marrow cells under certain treatment conditions. Further, CHQ induced significant increase in the frequency of SA both at 24 hr and 21 days of the treatment. In the present study vitamin C pretreatment apparently reduced the frequency of CA, MN, and SA induced by CHQ. In the combination studies with radiation and CHQ, we found that exposure to low doses of radiation (0.5 Gy) either prior to or following CHQ treatment, in the dose ranges tested, has little or no synergistic effect in the mutagenic evaluations in somatic cells. However, radiation exposure along with CHQ treatment resulted in significant increase in the frequency of SA as compared to the groups receiving CHQ alone at 21 days of the treatment. In summary, CHQ has the potential to induce genotoxicity in mammalian cells. Further, germ cells may be relatively more sensitive as compared to the somatic cells.
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