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Li Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhao F, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wu C, Li K, Zhang T, Wang P, Mao Z, Zhu W, Xu X, Liang S, Lou Z, Yuan J. USP25 Elevates SHLD2-Mediated DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Regulates Chemoresponse in Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403485. [PMID: 38803048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Abnormal DNA repair affects the therapy and prognosis of cancer. In this study, it is demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP25 promotes non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which in turn contributes to chemoresistance in cancer. It is shown that USP25 deubiquitinates SHLD2 at the K64 site, which enhances its binding with REV7 and promotes NHEJ. Furthermore, USP25 deficiency impairs NHEJ-mediated DNA repair and reduces class switch recombination (CSR) in USP25-deficient mice. USP25 is overexpressed in a subset of colon cancers. Depletion of USP25 sensitizes colon cancer cells to IR, 5-Fu, and cisplatin. TRIM25 is also identified, an E3 ligase, as the enzyme responsible for degrading USP25. Downregulation of TRIM25 leads to an increase in USP25 levels, which in turn induces chemoresistance in colon cancer cells. Finally, a peptide that disrupts the USP25-SHLD2 interaction is successfully identified, impairing NHEJ and increasing sensitivity to chemotherapy in PDX model. Overall, these findings reveal USP25 as a critical effector of SHLD2 in regulating the NHEJ repair pathway and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Lei Li
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Xinshu Wang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuntong Yang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Zeshan Jiang
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chenming Wu
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shikang Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China
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2
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Bylicky MA, Shankavaram U, Aryankalayil MJ, Chopra S, Naz S, Sowers AL, Choudhuri R, Calvert V, Petricoin EF, Eke I, Mitchell JB, Coleman CN. Multiomic-Based Molecular Landscape of FaDu Xenograft Tumors in Mice after a Combinatorial Treatment with Radiation and an HSP90 Inhibitor Identifies Adaptation-Induced Targets of Resistance and Therapeutic Intervention. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:577-588. [PMID: 38359816 PMCID: PMC10985469 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Treatments involving radiation and chemotherapy alone or in combination have improved patient survival and quality of life. However, cancers frequently evade these therapies due to adaptation and tumor evolution. Given the complexity of predicting response based solely on the initial genetic profile of a patient, a predetermined treatment course may miss critical adaptation that can cause resistance or induce new targets for drug and immunotherapy. To address the timescale for these evasive mechanisms, using a mouse xenograft tumor model, we investigated the rapidity of gene expression (mRNA), molecular pathway, and phosphoproteome changes after radiation, an HSP90 inhibitor, or combination. Animals received radiation, drug, or combination treatment for 1 or 2 weeks and were then euthanized along with a time-matched untreated group for comparison. Changes in gene expression occur as early as 1 week after treatment initiation. Apoptosis and cell death pathways were activated in irradiated tumor samples. For the HSP90 inhibitor and combination treatment at weeks 1 and 2 compared with Control Day 1, gene-expression changes induced inhibition of pathways including invasion of cells, vasculogenesis, and viral infection among others. The combination group included both drug-alone and radiation-alone changes. Our data demonstrate the rapidity of gene expression and functional pathway changes in the evolving tumor as it responds to treatment. Discovering these phenotypic adaptations may help elucidate the challenges in using sustained treatment regimens and could also define evolving targets for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J. Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarwat Naz
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anastasia L. Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajani Choudhuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Iris Eke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California
| | - James B. Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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3
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O'Brien S, Butticello M, Thompson C, Wilson B, Wyce A, Mahajan V, Kruger R, Mohammad H, Fedoriw A. Inhibiting PRMT5 induces DNA damage and increases anti-proliferative activity of Niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in models of breast and ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:775. [PMID: 37596538 PMCID: PMC10436459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARP) provide clinical benefit to patients with breast and ovarian cancers, by compromising the DNA repair activity of cancer cells. Although these agents extend progression-free survival in many patients, responses can be short lived with many patients ultimately progressing. Identification of combination partners that increase dependence of cancer cells to the DNA repair activity of PARPs may represent a strategy to increase the utility of PARP inhibitors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates DNA damage response pathways through splicing and protein modification, and inhibitors of PRMT5 have recently entered clinical trials. METHODS The effect of PRMT5 inhibition on the levels of DNA damage and repair markers including γH2AX, RAD51, and 53BP1 was determined using high content immunofluorescent imaging. The anti-proliferative activity of the combination of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors was evaluated using in vitro models of breast and ovarian cancers using both cell lines and ex vivo patient derived xenografts. Finally, the combinations of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors were evaluated in cell line xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS Inhibition of PRMT5 by GSK3326595 led to increased levels of markers of DNA damage. The addition of GSK3326595 to the PARP inhibitor, niraparib, resulted in increased growth inhibition of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived spheroids. In vivo, the combination improved the partial effects on tumor growth inhibition achieved by either single agent, producing complete tumor stasis and regression. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 induced signatures of DNA damage in models of breast and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, combination with the PARP inhibitor, Niraparib, resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these data suggest inhibition of PRMT5 as a mechanism to broaden and enhance the clinical application of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Brien
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | | | | | - Boris Wilson
- Synthetic Lethality RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Anastasia Wyce
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Vivek Mahajan
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Ryan Kruger
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Helai Mohammad
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Andy Fedoriw
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA.
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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4
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Lei T, Du S, Peng Z, Chen L. Multifaceted regulation and functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ‑mediated DSB repair (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:90. [PMID: 35583003 PMCID: PMC9162042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for the preservation of genomic integrity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism for any type of DNA DSB during the majority of the cell cycle. NHEJ defects regulate tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation and anti-neoplastic agents, resulting in immunodeficiencies and developmental abnormalities in malignant cells. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key mediator involved in DSB repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. 53BP1 promotes DSB repair via NHEJ and antagonizes DNA end overhang resection. At present, novel lines of evidence have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 and DNA break-responsive effectors to DSB sites, and the promotion of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair via 53BP1, while preventing homologous recombination. In the present review article, recent advances made in the elucidation of the structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1, the mechanisms of 53BP1 recruitment and interaction with the reshaping of the chromatin architecture around DSB sites, the post-transcriptional modifications of 53BP1, and the up- and downstream pathways of 53BP1 are discussed. The present review article also focuses on the application perspectives, current challenges and future directions of 53BP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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5
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Eke I, Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Sandfort V, Vanpouille-Box C, Nandagopal S, Graves EE, Giaccia AJ, Coleman CN. Long-term expression changes of immune-related genes in prostate cancer after radiotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:839-850. [PMID: 34435232 PMCID: PMC8873240 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The expression of immune-related genes in cancer cells can alter the anti-tumor immune response and thereby impact patient outcomes. Radiotherapy has been shown to modulate immune-related genes dependent on the fractionation regimen. To identify long-term changes in gene expression after irradiation, PC3 (p53 deleted) and LNCaP (p53 wildtype) prostate cancer cells were irradiated with either a single dose (SD, 10 Gy) or a fractionated regimen (MF) of 10 fractions (1 Gy per fraction). Whole human genome arrays were used to determine gene expression at 24 h and 2 months after irradiation. Immune pathway activation was analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Additionally, 3D colony formation assays and T-cell cytotoxicity assays were performed. LNCaP had a higher basal expression of immunogenic genes and was more efficiently killed by cytotoxic T-cells compared to PC3. In both cell lines, MF irradiation resulted in an increase in multiple immune-related genes immediately after irradiation, while at 2 months, SD irradiation had a more pronounced effect on radiation-induced gene expression. Both immunogenic and immunosuppressive genes were upregulated in the long term in PC3 cells by a 10 Gy SD irradiation but not in LNCaP. T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly increased in 10 Gy SD PC3 cells compared to the unirradiated control and could be further enhanced by treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Irradiation impacts the expression of immune-related genes in cancer cells in a fractionation-dependent manner. Understanding and targeting these changes may be a promising strategy for primary prostate cancer and recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veit Sandfort
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Saravanan Nandagopal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX37DQ, UK
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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6
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Yu T, Cazares O, Tang AD, Kim HY, Wald T, Verma A, Liu Q, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Floor SN, Jung HS, Brooks AN, Klein OD. SRSF1 governs progenitor-specific alternative splicing to maintain adult epithelial tissue homeostasis and renewal. Dev Cell 2022; 57:624-637.e4. [PMID: 35202586 PMCID: PMC8974236 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates distinct mRNA variants and is essential for development, homeostasis, and renewal. Proteins of the serine/arginine (SR)-rich splicing factor family are major splicing regulators that are broadly required for organ development as well as cell and organism viability. However, how these proteins support adult organ function remains largely unknown. Here, we used the continuously growing mouse incisor as a model to dissect the functions of the prototypical SR family protein SRSF1 during tissue homeostasis and renewal. We identified an SRSF1-governed alternative splicing network that is specifically required for dental proliferation and survival of progenitors but dispensable for the viability of differentiated cells. We also observed a similar progenitor-specific role of SRSF1 in the small intestinal epithelium, indicating a conserved function of SRSF1 across adult epithelial tissues. Thus, our findings define a regulatory mechanism by which SRSF1 specifically controls progenitor-specific alternative splicing events to support adult tissue homeostasis and renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsheng Yu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oscar Cazares
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alison D Tang
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tomas Wald
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adya Verma
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Angela N Brooks
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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7
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Eke I, Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Makinde AY, Liotta L, Calvert V, Petricoin EF, Graves EE, Coleman CN. Radiotherapy alters expression of molecular targets in prostate cancer in a fractionation- and time-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3500. [PMID: 35241721 PMCID: PMC8894377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of molecular targeted therapy depends on expression and enzymatic activity of the target molecules. As radiotherapy modulates gene expression and protein phosphorylation dependent on dose and fractionation, we analyzed the long-term effects of irradiation on the post-radiation efficacy of molecular targeted drugs. We irradiated prostate cancer cells either with a single dose (SD) of 10 Gy x-ray or a multifractionated (MF) regimen with 10 fractions of 1 Gy. Whole genome arrays and reverse phase protein microarrays were used to determine gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, we evaluated radiation-induced pathway activation with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. To measure cell survival and sensitivity to clinically used molecular targeted drugs, we performed colony formation assays. We found increased activation of several pathways regulating important cell functions such as cell migration and cell survival at 24 h after MF irradiation or at 2 months after SD irradiation. Further, cells which survived a SD of 10 Gy showed a long-term upregulation and increased activity of multiple molecular targets including AKT, IGF-1R, VEGFR2, or MET, while HDAC expression was decreased. In line with this, 10 Gy SD cells were more sensitive to target inhibition with Capivasertib or Ipatasertib (AKTi), BMS-754807 (IGF-1Ri), or Foretinib (VEGFR2/METi), but less sensitive to Panobinostat or Vorinostat (HDACi). In summary, understanding the molecular short- and long-term changes after irradiation can aid in optimizing the efficacy of multimodal radiation oncology in combination with post-irradiation molecularly-targeted drug treatment and improving the outcome of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research (CCSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Dr., Room 1260, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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8
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Understanding and overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:773-791. [PMID: 34285417 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel targeted anticancer therapies is a major goal of current research. The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with homologous recombination-deficient tumours provides one of the best examples of a targeted therapy that has been successfully translated into the clinic. The success of this approach has so far led to the approval of four different PARP inhibitors for the treatment of several types of cancers and a total of seven different compounds are currently under clinical investigation for various indications. Clinical trials have demonstrated promising response rates among patients receiving PARP inhibitors, although the majority will inevitably develop resistance. Preclinical and clinical data have revealed multiple mechanisms of resistance and current efforts are focused on developing strategies to address this challenge. In this Review, we summarize the diverse processes underlying resistance to PARP inhibitors and discuss the potential strategies that might overcome these mechanisms such as combinations with chemotherapies, targeting the acquired vulnerabilities associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors or suppressing genomic instability.
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9
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Rauschner M, Hüsing T, Lange L, Jarosik K, Reime S, Riemann A, Thews O. Role of acidosis-sensitive microRNAs in gene expression and functional parameters of tumors in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1275-1288. [PMID: 34781085 PMCID: PMC8605108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The acidic extracellular environment of tumors has been shown to affect the malignant progression of tumor cells by modulating proliferation, cell death or metastatic potential. The aim of the study was to analyze whether acidosis-dependent miRNAs play a role in the signaling cascade from low pH through changes in gene expression to functional properties of tumors in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In two experimental tumor lines the expression of 13 genes was tested under acidic conditions in combination with overexpression or downregulation of 4 pH-sensitive miRNAs (miR-7, 183, 203, 215). Additionally, the impact on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, necrosis, migration and cell adhesion were measured. Results: Most of the genes showed a pH-dependent expression, but only a few of them were additionally regulated by miRNAs in vitro (Brip1, Clspn, Rif1) or in vivo (Fstl, Tlr5, Txnip). Especially miR-215 overexpression was able to counteract the acidosis effect in some genes. The impact on proliferation was cell line-dependent and most pronounced with overexpression of miR-183 and miR-203, whereas apoptosis and necrosis were pH-dependent but not influenced by miRNAs. The tumor growth was markedly regulated by miR-183 and miR-7. In addition, acidosis had a strong effect on cell adhesion, which could be modulated by miR-7, miR-203 and miR-215. Conclusions: The results indicate that the acidosis effect on gene expression and functional properties of tumor cells could be mediated by pH-dependent miRNAs. Many effects were cell line dependent and therefore do not reflect universal intracellular signaling cascades. However, the role of miRNAs in the adaptation to an acidic environment may open new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Rauschner
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Thea Hüsing
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Luisa Lange
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Kristin Jarosik
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Sarah Reime
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Anne Riemann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany
| | - Oliver Thews
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, Halle (Saale) 06112, Germany.
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10
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Anbalagan S, Ström C, Downs JA, Jeggo PA, McBay D, Wilkins A, Rothkamm K, Harrington KJ, Yarnold JR, Somaiah N. TP53 modulates radiotherapy fraction size sensitivity in normal and malignant cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7119. [PMID: 33782505 PMCID: PMC8007815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials in breast and prostate cancer have established that fewer, larger daily doses (fractions) of radiotherapy are safe and effective, but these do not represent personalised dosing on a patient-by-patient basis. Understanding cell and molecular mechanisms determining fraction size sensitivity is essential to fully exploit this therapeutic variable for patient benefit. The hypothesis under test in this study is that fraction size sensitivity is dependent on the presence of wild-type (WT) p53 and intact non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Using single or split-doses of radiation in a range of normal and malignant cells, split-dose recovery was determined using colony-survival assays. Both normal and tumour cells with WT p53 demonstrated significant split-dose recovery, whereas Li-Fraumeni fibroblasts and tumour cells with defective G1/S checkpoint had a large S/G2 component and lost the sparing effect of smaller fractions. There was lack of split-dose recovery in NHEJ-deficient cells and DNA-PKcs inhibitor increased sensitivity to split-doses in glioma cells. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of p53 in fibroblasts reduced split-dose recovery. In summary, cells defective in p53 are less sensitive to radiotherapy fraction size and lack of split-dose recovery in DNA ligase IV and DNA-PKcs mutant cells suggests the dependence of fraction size sensitivity on intact NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Penny A Jeggo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - David McBay
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna Wilkins
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John R Yarnold
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Navita Somaiah
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK.
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11
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The lncRNAs LINC00261 and LINC00665 are upregulated in long-term prostate cancer adaptation after radiotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:175-187. [PMID: 33767914 PMCID: PMC7960506 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to impact important biological functions such as proliferation, survival, and genomic stability. To analyze radiation-induced lncRNA expression in human tumors, we irradiated prostate cancer cells with a single dose of 10 Gy or a multifractionated radiotherapeutic regimen of 10 fractions with a dose of 1 Gy (10 × 1 Gy) during 5 days. We found a stable upregulation of the lncRNA LINC00261 and LINC00665 at 2 months after radiotherapy that was more pronounced after single-dose irradiation. Analysis of the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Atlas of Non-coding RNAs in Cancer (TANRIC) databases showed that high expression of these two lncRNAs may be a potential negative prognostic marker for overall survival of prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of LINC00261 and LINC00665 in long-term survivors decreased survival after re-irradiation and affected DNA double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, both lncRNAs showed an interdependent expression and regulated expression of the DNA repair proteins CtIP (RBBP8) and XPC as well as the microRNA miR-329. Identifying long-term tumor adaptation mechanisms can lead to the discovery of new molecular targets, in effect opening up new research directions and improving multimodal radiation oncologic treatment.
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12
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Ragunathan K, Upfold NLE, Oksenych V. Interaction between Fibroblasts and Immune Cells Following DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228635. [PMID: 33207781 PMCID: PMC7696681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) form the basis of tumor microenvironment and possess immunomodulatory functions by interacting with other cells surrounding tumor, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Ionizing radiation is a broadly-used method in radiotherapy to target tumors. In mammalian cells, ionizing radiation induces various types of DNA damages and DNA damage response. Being unspecific, radiotherapy affects all the cells in tumor microenvironment, including the tumor itself, CAFs and immune cells. CAFs are extremely radio-resistant and do not initiate apoptosis even at high doses of radiation. However, following radiation, CAFs become senescent and produce a distinct combination of immunoregulatory molecules. Radiosensitivity of immune cells varies depending on the cell type due to inefficient DNA repair in, for example, monocytes and granulocytes. In this minireview, we are summarizing recent findings on the interaction between CAF, ionizing radiation and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiyarasi Ragunathan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Nikki Lyn Esnardo Upfold
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNuT), Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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13
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Coleman CN, Eke I, Makinde AY, Chopra S, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Martello S, Bylicky M, Mitchell JB, Aryankalayil MJ. Radiation-induced Adaptive Response: New Potential for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5781-5790. [PMID: 32554542 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is highly effective due to its ability to physically focus the treatment to target the tumor while sparing normal tissue and its ability to be combined with systemic therapy. This systemic therapy can be utilized before radiotherapy as an adjuvant or induction treatment, during radiotherapy as a radiation "sensitizer," or following radiotherapy as a part of combined modality therapy. As part of a unique concept of using radiation as "focused biology," we investigated how tumors and normal tissues adapt to clinically relevant multifraction (MF) and single-dose (SD) radiation to observe whether the adaptations can induce susceptibility to cell killing by available drugs or by immune enhancement. We identified an adaptation occurring after MF (3 × 2 Gy) that induced cell killing when AKT-mTOR inhibitors were delivered following cessation of radiotherapy. In addition, we identified inducible changes in integrin expression 2 months following cessation of radiotherapy that differ between MF (1 Gy × 10) and SD (10 Gy) that remain targetable compared with preradiotherapy. Adaptation is reflected across different "omics" studies, and thus the range of possible molecular targets is not only broad but also time, dose, and schedule dependent. While much remains to be studied about the radiation adaptive response, radiation should be characterized by its molecular perturbations in addition to physical dose. Consideration of the adaptive effects should result in the design of a tailored radiotherapy treatment plan that accounts for specific molecular changes to be targeted as part of precision multimodality cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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