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Singh A, Joshi S, Kukreti S. Cationic porphyrins as destabilizer of a G-quadruplex located at the promoter of human MYH7 β gene. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4801-4816. [PMID: 31809672 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1689850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (GQ) architecture is adopted by guanine rich sequences, present throughout the eukaryotic genome including promoter locations and telomeric ends. The in vivo presence indicates their involvement and role in various biological processes. Various small ligands have been developed to interact and stabilize/destabilize G-quadruplex structures. Cationic porphyrins are among the most studied ligands, reported to bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes. Herein, we report the recognition and destabilization of a parallel G-quadruplex by porphyrins (TMPyP3 and TMPyP4). This G-quadruplex forming 23-nt G-rich sequence is in the promoter region of Human Myosin Heavy Chain β gene (MYH7β). Presence of various putative regulatory sequence elements (TATA Box, CCAAT, SP-1) located in the vicinity of this quadruplex motif, highlight its regulatory implications. Biophysical methods as Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, UV-Absorption Spectroscopy, UV-Thermal Denaturation and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (steady as well as Time Resolved) have been used for studying the interaction and binding parameters. It is proposed that porphyrins have a destabilizing effect on the G-quadruplexes with parallel topology and a stronger binding specifically via intercalation mode is needed to cause destabilization. The study deals with better understanding and insights of DNA-Drug interactions in biological systems.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Savita Joshi
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
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Boschi E, Davis S, Taylor S, Butterworth A, Chirayath LA, Purohit V, Siegel LK, Buenaventura J, Sheriff AH, Jin R, Sheardy R, Yatsunyk LA, Azam M. Interaction of a Cationic Porphyrin and Its Metal Derivatives with G-Quadruplex DNA. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12807-12819. [PMID: 27936741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (GQ) structures formed from guanine-rich sequences are found throughout the genome and are overrepresented in the promoter regions of some oncogenes, at the telomeric ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and at the 5'-untranslated regions of mRNA. Interaction of small molecule ligands with GQ DNA is an area of great research interest to develop novel anticancer therapeutics and GQ sensors. In this paper we examine the interactions of TMPyP4, its isomer TMPyP2 (containing N-methyl-2-pyridyl substituents, N-Me-2Py) as well as two metal derivatives ZnTMPyP4 and CuTMPyP4 with GQs formed by dT4G4 and dT4G4T in 100 mM K+ or Na+ conditions. The DNA sequences were chosen to elucidate the effect of the 3'-T on the stabilization effect of porphyrins, binding modes, affinities, and stoichiometries determined via circular dichroism melting studies, UV-vis titrations, continuous variation analysis, and fluorescence studies. Our findings demonstrate that the stabilizing abilities of porphyrins are stronger toward (dT4G4)4 as compared to (dT4G4T)4 (ΔTm is 4.4 vs -6.4 for TMPyP4; 12.7 vs 5.7 for TMPyP2; 16.4 vs 12.1 for ZnTMPyP4; and 1.9 vs -8.4 °C for CuTMPyP4) suggesting that the 3'G-tetrad presents at least one of the binding sites. The binding affinity was determined to be moderate (Ka ∼ 106-107 μM-1) with a typical binding stoichiometry of 1:1 or 2:1 porphyrin-to-GQ. In all studies, ZnTMPyP4 emerged as a ligand superior to TMPyP4. Overall, our work contributes to clearer understanding of interactions between porphyrins and GQ DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boschi
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Supriya Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College , 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - Scott Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College , 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - Andrew Butterworth
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Lilyan A Chirayath
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Vaishali Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Laura K Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Janesha Buenaventura
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Alexandra H Sheriff
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Rowen Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College , 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - Richard Sheardy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Woman's University , 324 Ann Stuart Science Center, P.O. Box 425859, Denton, Texas 76204-5859, United States
| | - Liliya A Yatsunyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College , 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - Mahrukh Azam
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
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Hassani L, Hakimian F, Safaei E. Spectroscopic investigation on the interaction of copper porphyrazines and phthalocyanine with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. Biophys Chem 2014; 187-188:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou WJ, Deng R, Zhang XY, Feng GK, Gu LQ, Zhu XF. G-quadruplex ligand SYUIQ-5 induces autophagy by telomere damage and TRF2 delocalization in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 8:3203-13. [PMID: 19996277 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agents stabilizing G-quadruplexes have the potential to destroy the functional structure of telomere and could therefore act as antitumor agents. We previously reported that SYUIQ-5 could stabilize G-quadruplex, induce senescence, and inhibit c-myc gene promoter activity. In this study, we showed that SYUIQ-5 inhibited proliferation of CNE2 and HeLa cancer cells, triggered a rapid and potent telomere DNA damage response characterized by the formation of telomeric foci gamma-H2AX, and obviously induced autophagy with the features of increased LC3-II and a punctuated pattern of YFP-LC3 fluorescence. These phenomena may primarily depend on the delocalization of TRF2 from telomere, which was further degraded by proteasomes. Furthermore, overexpression of TRF2 inhibited SYUIQ-5-induced gamma-H2AX expression. Also, ATM was activated following SYUIQ-5 treatment. The pretreatment with ATM inhibitor ku55933 and ATM siRNA effectively reduced the production of gamma-H2AX and LC3-II. ATM knockdown partially antagonized the anticancer effects of SYUIQ-5. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by short hairpin RNA against the autophagy-related gene ATG5 attenuated the cytotoxicity of SYUIQ-5. These results indicated that SYUIQ-5 triggered potent telomere damage through TRF2 delocalization from telomeres, and eventually induced autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Our findings exhibit a novel mechanism that is responsible for the antitumor effects of SYUIQ-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Castillo-González D, Cabrera-Pérez MA, Pérez-González M, Morales Helguera A, Durán-Martínez A. Prediction of telomerase inhibitory activity for acridinic derivatives based on chemical structure. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:4826-40. [PMID: 19726112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that activates in more than 85% of cancer cells and it is associated with the acquisition of a malignant phenotype. Some experimental strategies have been suggested in order to avoid the enzyme effect on unstopped telomere elongation. One of them, the stabilization of the G-quartet structure, has been widely studied. Nevertheless, no QSAR studies to predict this activity have been developed. In the present study a classification model was carried out to identify, through molecular descriptors with structural fragments and groups information, those acridinic derivatives with better inhibitory concentration on telomerase enzyme. A linear discriminant model was developed to classify a data set of 90 acridinic derivatives (48 more potent derivatives with IC(50) < 1 microM and 42 less potent with IC(50) > or = 1 microM). The final model fit the data with sensitivity of 87.50% and specificity of 82.85%, for a final accuracy of 85.33%. The predictive ability of the model was assessed by a prediction set (15 compounds of 90% and 82.29% of prediction accuracy); a tenfold full cross-validation procedure (removing 15 compounds in each cycle, 84.80% of good prediction) and the prediction of inhibitory concentration on telomerase enzyme for external data of 10 novel acridines (90% of good prediction). The results of this study suggest that the established model has a strong predictive ability and can be prospectively used in the molecular design and action mechanism analysis of this kind of compounds with anticancer activity.
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Picard N, Ali H, van Lier JE, Klarskov K, Paquette B. Bromines on N-allyl position of cationic porphyrins affect both radio- and photosensitizing properties. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:224-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b812623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ou TM, Lu YJ, Tan JH, Huang ZS, Wong KY, Gu LQ. G-quadruplexes: targets in anticancer drug design. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:690-713. [PMID: 18236491 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are special secondary structures adopted in some guanine-rich DNA sequences. As guanine-rich sequences are present in important regions of the eukaryotic genome, such as telomeres and the regulatory regions of many genes, such structures may play important roles in the regulation of biological events in the body. G-quadruplexes have become valid targets for new anticancer drugs in the past few decades. Many leading compounds that target these structures have been reported, and a few of them have entered preclinical or clinical trials. Nonetheless, the selectivity of this kind of antitumor compound has yet to be improved in order to suppress the side effects caused by nonselective binding. As drug design targets, the topology and structural characteristics of quadruplexes, their possible biological roles, and the modes and sites of small-ligand binding to these structures should be understood clearly. Herein we provide a summary of published research that has set out to address the above problem to provide useful information on the design of small ligands that target G-quadruplexes. This review also covers research methodologies that have been developed to study the binding of ligands to G-quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Zhou JM, Zhu XF, Lu YJ, Deng R, Huang ZS, Mei YP, Wang Y, Huang WL, Liu ZC, Gu LQ, Zeng YX. Senescence and telomere shortening induced by novel potent G-quadruplex interactive agents, quindoline derivatives, in human cancer cell lines. Oncogene 2006; 25:503-11. [PMID: 16170347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Agents stabilizing G-quadruplexes have the potential to interfere with telomere replication by blocking the elongation step catalysed by telomerase or telomerase-independent mechanism and could therefore act as antitumor agents. In this study, we found that quindoline derivatives interacted preferentially with intramolecular G-quadruplex structures and were novel potent telomerase inhibitors. Treatment with quindoline derivatives reproducibly inhibited telomerase activity in human leukemia K562 cells and colon cancer SW620 cells. N'-(10H-Indolo [3,2-b] quinolin-11-yl)-N, N-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diamine (SYUIQ-5), (one of quindoline derivatives), when added to K562 and SW620 cell culture at nonacute cytotoxic concentrations, increased time of population doublings of K562 and SW620 cells, induced a marked cessation in cell growth and cellular senescence phenotype after 35 and 18 days, respectively. Growth cessation was accompanied by a shortening of telomere length, and induction of p16, p21 and p27 protein expression. However, another compound SYUIQ-7 with greater IC(50) for telomerase had no obvious cellular effect in nonacute cytotoxic concentrations. These results indicate that quindoline derivatives as novel potent G-quadruplex interactive agents induce senescence and telomere shortening in cancer cells and therefore are promising agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
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