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Zhu X, Liu B, Xiao J, Guo M, Zhao S, Hu M, Cui Y, Li D, Wang C, Ma S, Shi Y. Effects of Different Roughage Diets on Fattening Performance, Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Composition, and Rumen Microbe in Steers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:885069. [PMID: 35799586 PMCID: PMC9253607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.885069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different roughages on fatting performance, muscle fatty acids, rumen fermentation and rumen microbes of steers. Seventy-five Simmental crossbred steers were randomly divided into wheat straw group (WG), peanut vine group (PG) and alfalfa hay group (AG), with 5 replicates of 5 steers each. The results showed a highest average daily gain and lowest feed/gain ratio in AG group (P = 0.001). Steers fed alfalfa hay had the highest muscle marbling score and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and also the rumen NH3-N and microbial protein (MCP) concentration among the three groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ruminal NH3-N and MCP were negatively correlated with muscle saturated fatty acid (SFA), while ruminal MCP was positively correlated with muscle PUFA and n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis indicated that fed alfalfa hay decreased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001(P = 0.005). More importantly, muscle SFA deposition were positively correlated to the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001 (P < 0.05), while the muscle PUFA and n-3 PUFA deposition were negatively correlated to it (P < 0.01). Therefore, alfalfa hay provides a better fattening effect on steers. Alfalfa rich in n-3 PUFA would reduce the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-001 involved in hydrogenation, increase the rumen protective effect of C18:3 n-3, which is beneficial to the deposition of muscle n-3 PUFA and PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junnan Xiao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shumin Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Menglin Hu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Innovation and Utilization, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wieczorek ZJ. Hydrolysis of 5',5'-tri- or tetraphosphate-mRNA 5'-cap analogs promoted by Cu2+ or Zn2+ metal ions. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:135-48. [PMID: 21360411 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2010.551722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of a P(1)-(7-methylguanosinyl-5') P(3)-(guanosinyl-5') triphosphate (m(7)GpppG), P(1)-(7-methylguanosinyl-5') P(4)- (guanosinyl-5') tetraphosphate (m(7)GppppG), diadenosine-5',5'''-P(1),P(3)-triphosphate (ApppA), and diadenosine-5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate (AppppA) promoted by Cu(2+) or Zn(2+) has been investigated. Time-dependent products distributions at various metal ion concentrations have been determined by CZE and HPLC-RP. The results show that in acidic conditions, in the presence of metal ion, the predominant hydrolytic reaction is the cleavage of 5',5'-oligophosphate bridge. The 5',5'-oligophosphate bridge of the dinucleotides studied is hydrolyzed by Cu(2+) more efficiently than by Zn(2+). At the catalyst concentration of 2 mM the cleavage of the 5',5'-triphosphate bridge of m(7)GpppG was ∼3.6 times faster, and that of the tetraphosphate bridge of m(7)GppppG ∼2.3-fold faster in the presence of Cu(2+) compared to the Zn(2+) ion, applied as catalysts. Dependence of the rates of hydrolysis on the catalyst concentration was in some instances not linear, interpreted as evidence for participation of more than one metal ion in the transition complex.
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