1
|
Youlden DR, Gupta S, Frazier AL, Moore AS, Gottardo NG, Aitken JF. Incidence and survival for childhood cancer by endorsed non-stage prognostic indicators in Australia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30889. [PMID: 38265260 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An international expert panel recently recommended 15 'non-stage prognostic indicators' (NSPIs) across eight childhood cancers, classified as essential or additional, for collection in population-based cancer registries. We aimed to describe the incidence distribution and survival of each of these NSPIs. PROCEDURES Cases were extracted from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. The study cohort (n = 4187) comprised all children aged under 15 years diagnosed with an eligible cancer between 2010 and 2018, with follow-up until 31 December 2020. NSPI data were collected directly from each patient's medical records. Differences in 5-year relative survival were assessed using multivariable flexible parametric models, adjusted for sex and age group at diagnosis. RESULTS The availability of data varied, exceeding 85% for all essential NSPIs apart from histologic subtype for Wilms tumours (69%) and lineage for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (78%). Information on additional NSPIs tended to be recorded less often, particularly cytogenetic subtype for non-alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (28%) and astrocytoma (4%). Eight NSPIs exhibited a significant difference in survival, with the largest disparity occurring among children with astrocytoma according to tumour grade (5-year relative survival of 18% for grade IV disease compared with 99% for grade I disease; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that most of the recommended NSPIs can be retrieved from medical records in Australia in recent years, allowing the capability of assessing survival within patient subgroups of clinical interest. Reporting of NSPI data has the capability to inform local and global understanding of population-level disparities in childhood cancer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Youlden
- Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology/Haematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-Coronado R, Villar RC, Cappellano AM. Pediatric neuro-oncology in Latin America and the Caribbean: a gap to be filled. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1354826. [PMID: 38571497 PMCID: PMC10989070 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1354826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosdali Díaz-Coronado
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
- Post Graduated Medicine School, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosangela Correa Villar
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centro Infantile Boldrini, Sao Paolo, Brazil
- Medicine School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea M. Cappellano
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Institute-GRAACC (IOP-GRAACC)/Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perez-Roca E, Negreiros T, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Ojeda-Medina L, Díaz-Coronado R. Prognostic factors of pediatric ependymomas at a National Cancer Reference Center in Peru. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1331790. [PMID: 38298447 PMCID: PMC10828566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1331790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ependymomas are central nervous system tumors that significantly impact the quality of life and carry a high mortality rate. Both the disease itself and its treatment cause significant morbidity. At a national level in Peru, there are no reports on clinical characteristics of the disease. Methods This retrospective study captured patient aged less than 19 years with a diagnosis of ependymoma from 2012 to 2022 at a tertiary center in Lima. Results 85 patients were included with a median follow-up time was 51.6 months. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 55.89% (95% CI: 44.28 - 65.99) and 37.71% (95% CI: 26,21-49,16) respectively. The main prognostic factors identified were completed treatment (p=0.019), adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.048), presence of metastasis (p=0.012), and disease recurrence (p=0.02). Conclusions The survival of patients with ependymoma is below that reported in high-income countries. Incomplete treatment and treatment abandonment are factors that negatively impact the prognosis. Further studies are needed to identify barriers in the referral and treatment process for patients with ependymoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Negreiros
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Luis Ojeda-Medina
- Neurosurgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosdali Díaz-Coronado
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perek-Polnik M, Cochrane A, Wang J, Chojnacka M, Drogosiewicz M, Filipek I, Swieszkowska E, Tarasinska M, Grajkowska W, Trubicka J, Kowalczyk P, Dembowska-Bagińskai B, Abdelbaki MS. Risk-Adapted Treatment Strategies with Pre-Irradiation Chemotherapy in Pediatric Medulloblastoma: Outcomes from the Polish Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Group. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1387. [PMID: 37628386 PMCID: PMC10453075 DOI: 10.3390/children10081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) has been a major component of the standard of care treatment backbone for childhood medulloblastoma. However, chemotherapy regimens have varied based on protocol, patient age, and molecular subtyping. In one of the largest studies to date, we analyzed treatment outcomes in children with newly-diagnosed medulloblastoma treated with pre-irradiation chemotherapy followed by risk-adapted radiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. A total of 153 patients from the Polish Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Group were included in the analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 8.0 years, and median follow-up time was 6.4 years. Sixty-seven patients were classified as standard-risk and eighty-six as high-risk. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) for standard-risk patients at 5 years (±standard error) were 87 ± 4.3% and 84 ± 4.6%, respectively, while 5-year OS and EFS for high-risk patients were 81 ± 4.3% and 79 ± 4.5%, respectively. Only one patient had disease progression prior to radiotherapy. This study demonstrates promising survival outcomes in patients treated with pre-irradiation chemotherapy followed by risk-adapted CSI and adjuvant chemotherapy. Such an approach may be useful in cases where the initiation of radiotherapy may need to be delayed, a common occurrence in many institutions globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perek-Polnik
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Anne Cochrane
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinli Wang
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marzanna Chojnacka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Pediatric Radiotherapy Centre, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Drogosiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Iwona Filipek
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Ewa Swieszkowska
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Tarasinska
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (J.T.)
| | - Joanna Trubicka
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (J.T.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bożenna Dembowska-Bagińskai
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (I.F.); (E.S.); (M.T.); (B.D.-B.)
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelbaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vanbilloen WJF, Rechberger JS, Anderson JB, Nonnenbroich LF, Zhang L, Daniels DJ. Nanoparticle Strategies to Improve the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1804. [PMID: 37513992 PMCID: PMC10383584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that occur within the brain and spinal cord. Although significant advances in our understanding of the intricate biological underpinnings of CNS neoplasm tumorigenesis and progression have been made, the translation of these discoveries into effective therapies has been stymied by the unique challenges presented by these tumors' exquisitely sensitive location and the body's own defense mechanisms (e.g., the brain-CSF barrier and blood-brain barrier), which normally protect the CNS from toxic insult. These barriers effectively prevent the delivery of therapeutics to the site of disease. To overcome these obstacles, new methods for therapeutic delivery are being developed, with one such approach being the utilization of nanoparticles. Here, we will cover the current state of the field with a particular focus on the challenges posed by the BBB, the different nanoparticle classes which are under development for targeted CNS tumor therapeutics delivery, and strategies which have been developed to bypass the BBB and enable effective therapeutics delivery to the site of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J. F. Vanbilloen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Julian S. Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob B. Anderson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Leo F. Nonnenbroich
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
| | - David J. Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (J.S.R.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Expanding our knowledge of brain tumor overall survival trends at a global scale. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:607-608. [PMID: 36516220 PMCID: PMC10013634 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT); Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|