Copy number gain of FAM131B-AS2 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by mitigating replication stress

Dual roles of LncRNA RNA143598: a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis and its implications in cancer

OBJECTIVE

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex pathological mechanisms, including immune system dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Recent studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play key roles in immune regulation and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including RA and various types of cancer. Understanding the involvement of LncRNAs in RA and their potential transcriptional effects in cancer could provide novel insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

METHODS

Using the GSE94519 dataset, we analyzed serum LncRNA profiles from RA patients and healthy controls. Differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R, and findings were validated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 39 RA and 53 healthy samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic performance. A pan-cancer analysis of MTRNR2L1 was conducted using TCGA data, with immune infiltration assessed via ssGSEA.

RESULTS

RNA143598 was significantly upregulated in RA patients, and qPCR confirmed its diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.77). Pan cancer analysis shows that MTRNR2L1 is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and lowly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), with high GBM expression linked to poor prognosis. Immune infiltration analysis showed MTRNR2L1 correlated with CD8 + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in GBM.

CONCLUSION

RNA143598 is a promising RA biomarker, and its transcription gene MTRNR2L1 demonstrates potential in cancer prognosis and immune regulation. These findings provide a foundation for future research on targeted therapies for RA and cancer. Key Points • RNA143598 is identified as a significant biomarker for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), showing promise for clinical application. • Quantitative PCR validation demonstrates the diagnostic potential of RNA143598, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. • MTRNR2L1, which is RNA143598 transcribed gene, exhibits differential expression in different cancer types, with high levels associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). • Immune infiltration analysis links MTRNR2L1 expression to the presence of CD8 + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, suggesting its role in immune regulation in GBM.

The STING Signaling: A Novel Target for Central Nervous System Diseases

The canonical cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway has been widely recognized as a crucial mediator of inflammation in many diseases, including tumors, infections, and tissue damage. STING signaling can also be activated in a cGAS- or cGAMP-independent manner, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In-depth studies on the structural and molecular biology of the STING pathway have led to the development of therapeutic strategies involving STING modulators and their targeted delivery. These strategies may effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target STING signaling in multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases in humans. In this review, we outline both canonical and non-canonical pathways of STING activation and describe the general mechanisms and associations between STING activity and CNS diseases. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the targeted delivery and clinical application of STING agonists and inhibitors, highlighting the STING signaling pathway as a novel therapeutic target in CNS diseases.

Deciphering novel mitochondrial signatures: multi-omics analysis uncovers cross-disease markers and oligodendrocyte pathways in Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glioblastoma (GBM) are severe neurological disorders that pose significant global healthcare challenges. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms, particularly those involving mitochondrial dysfunction, remain poorly understood. A major limitation in current studies is the lack of cell-specific markers that effectively represent mitochondrial dynamics in AD and GBM.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed single-cell transcriptomic data using 10 machine learning algorithms to identify mitochondria-associated cell-specific markers. We validated these markers through the integration of gene expression and methylation data across diverse cell types. Our dataset comprised single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) from AD patients, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from GBM patients, and additional DNA methylation and transcriptomic data from the ROSMAP, ADNI, TCGA, and CGGA cohorts.

Results

Our analysis identified four significant cross-disease mitochondrial markers: EFHD1, SASH1, FAM110B, and SLC25A18. These markers showed both shared and unique expression profiles in AD and GBM, suggesting a common mitochondrial mechanism contributing to both diseases. Additionally, oligodendrocytes and their interactions with astrocytes were implicated in disease progression, particularly through the APP signaling pathway. Key hub genes, such as HS6ST3 and TUBB2B, were identified across different cellular subpopulations, highlighting a cell-specific co-expression network linked to mitochondrial function.