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Ashley DL, Zhu W, Bhandari D, Wang L, Feng J, Wang Y, Meng L, Xia B, Jarrett JM, Chang CM, Kimmel HL, Blount BC. Influence of Half-life and Smoking/Nonsmoking Ratio on Biomarker Consistency between Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:80-87. [PMID: 37823832 PMCID: PMC10843274 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of exposure are tools for understanding the impact of tobacco use on health outcomes if confounders like demographics, use behavior, biological half-life, and other sources of exposure are accounted for in the analysis. METHODS We performed multiple regression analysis of longitudinal measures of urinary biomarkers of alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and metals to examine the sample-to-sample consistency in Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study including demographic characteristics and use behavior variables of persons who smoked exclusively. Regression coefficients, within- and between-person variance, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were compared with biomarker smoking/nonsmoking population mean ratios and biological half-lives. RESULTS Most biomarkers were similarly associated with sex, age, race/ethnicity, and product use behavior. The biomarkers with larger smoking/nonsmoking population mean ratios had greater regression coefficients related to recency of exposure. For VOC and alkaloid metabolites, longer biological half-life was associated with lower within-person variance. For each chemical class studied, there were biomarkers that demonstrated good ICCs. CONCLUSIONS For most of the biomarkers of exposure reported in the PATH Study, for people who smoke cigarettes exclusively, associations are similar between urinary biomarkers of exposure and demographic and use behavior covariates. Biomarkers of exposure within-subject consistency is likely associated with nontobacco sources of exposure and biological half-life. IMPACT Biomarkers measured in the PATH Study provide consistent sample-to-sample measures from which to investigate the association of adverse health outcomes with the characteristics of cigarettes and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Ashley
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Wanzhe Zhu
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yuesong Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lei Meng
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Baoyun Xia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffery M. Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cindy M. Chang
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Heather L. Kimmel
- National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Edwards KC, Khan A, Sharma E, Wang L, Feng J, Blount BC, Sosnoff CS, Smith DM, Goniewicz ML, Pearson J, Villanti AC, Delnevo CD, Bover-Manderski MT, Hatsukami DK, Niaura R, Everard C, Kimmel HL, Duffy K, Rostron BL, Del Valle-Pinero AY, van Bemmel DM, Stanton CA, Hyland A. Validating Wave 1 (2014) Urinary Cotinine and TNE-2 Cut-points for Differentiating Wave 4 (2017) Cigarette Use from Non-use in the United States Using Data from the PATH Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1233-1241. [PMID: 37342065 PMCID: PMC10527251 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and racial/ethnic identity-specific cut-points for validating tobacco use using Wave 1 (W1) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were published in 2020. The current study establishes predictive validity of the W1 (2014) urinary cotinine and total nicotine equivalents-2 (TNE-2) cut-points on estimating Wave 4 (W4; 2017) tobacco use. METHODS For exclusive and polytobacco cigarette use, weighted prevalence estimates based on W4 self-report alone and with exceeding the W1 cut-point were calculated to identify the percentage missed without biochemical verification. Sensitivity and specificity of W1 cut-points on W4 self-reported tobacco use status were examined. ROC curves were used to determine the optimal W4 cut-points to distinguish past 30-day users from non-users, and evaluate whether the cut-points significantly differed from W1. RESULTS Agreement between W4 self-reported use and exceeding the W1 cut-points was high overall and when stratified by demographic subgroups (0.7%-4.4% of use was missed if relying on self-report alone). The predictive validity of using the W1 cut-points to classify exclusive cigarette and polytobacco cigarette use at W4 was high (>90% sensitivity and specificity, except among polytobacco Hispanic smokers). Cut-points derived using W4 data did not significantly differ from the W1-derived cut-points [e.g., W1 exclusive = 40.5 ng/mL cotinine (95% confidence interval, CI: 26.1-62.8), W4 exclusive = 29.9 ng/mL cotinine (95% CI: 13.5-66.4)], among most demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The W1 cut-points remain valid for biochemical verification of self-reported tobacco use in W4. IMPACT Findings from can be used in clinical and epidemiologic studies to reduce misclassification of cigarette smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanqing Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - June Feng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854
| | | | | | | | - Colm Everard
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland 20852
- Kelly Government Solutions; Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Heather L. Kimmel
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland 20852
| | - Kara Duffy
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Brian L. Rostron
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | | | - Dana M. van Bemmel
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | | | - Andrew Hyland
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
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