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Iskandar IYK, Gawkrodger DJ, Gittins M, Byrne L, Carder M, van Tongeren M. Trends in occupational and work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK: findings from The Health and Occupation Research network 1996-2019. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:751-757. [PMID: 38061005 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt can be associated with contact dermatitis, which can adversely affect an individual's health, finances and employment. Despite this, little is known about the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis over prolonged periods of time. OBJECTIVES To investigate the medically reported trends in the incidence of work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK. METHODS Incidence and trends in cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1996 and 2019 (inclusive), reported to the EPIDERM surveillance scheme, were investigated and compared with trends in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to agents other than the aforementioned metals. A sensitivity analysis restricting the study cohort to cases attributed to only one type of metal was also conducted. RESULTS Of all cases reported to EPIDERM during the study period, 2374 (12%) were attributed to nickel, chromium or cobalt. Cases predominantly comprised females (59%), with a mean (SD) age (males and females) of 38 (13) years. Cases were most frequently reported in manufacturing, construction, and human health and social activity industries. The most frequently reported occupations were hairdressing, and sales and retail (assistants, cashiers and checkout operators). The highest annual incidence rate of contact dermatitis was observed in females (2.60 per 100 000 persons employed per year), with the first and second peak seen in those aged 16-24 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to metals over the study period was observed for all occupations (annual average change -6.9%, 95% confidence interval -7.8 to -5.9), with much of the decrease occurring between 1996 and 2007. Similar findings were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Over a period of 24 years, there has been a statistically significant decline in the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis in the UK. This could be attributed not only to improvements in working conditions, which have reduced metal exposure, but could also be due to the closure of industries in the UK that might have generated cases of contact dermatitis owing to metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireny Y K Iskandar
- Drug Usage and Pharmacy Practice Group, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Gawkrodger
- Department of Infection, Immunology and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Gittins
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Byrne
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melanie Carder
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Plotnik I, Bar J, Solomon-Cohen E, Solomon M, Moshe S, Slodownik D. The Characteristics of Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Military and Civilian Populations: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Dermatitis 2023; 34:509-515. [PMID: 37219963 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Contact dermatitis is a common condition in the general population, with a global prevalence of 20%. It is an inflammatory skin disease that is classified as irritant contact dermatitis (80%) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) (20%). In addition, it is the most common presentation of occupational dermatoses and is one of the primary reasons for seeking medical attention among military personnel. Only few studies have compared the characteristics of contact dermatitis in soldiers and civilians. Objective: To compare the characteristics of ACD between civilians and soldiers. Methods: This large retrospective study was conducted in Israel and involved 1800 civilians and 750 soldiers with suspected ACD. All patients underwent relevant patch tests based on their clinical presentation and medical history. Results: At least 1 positive allergic reaction was found in 382 civilians (21.22%) and 208 soldiers (27.73%) (nonsignificant). Moreover, 69 civilians (18.06%) and 61 soldiers (29.32%) had at least 1 positive occupational allergic reaction (P < 0.05). Widespread dermatitis was significantly more common among soldiers. The most frequent occupations among civilians with positive allergic reactions were hairdressers/beauticians. "Professional, technical, and managerial occupations" were the most frequent categories among soldiers (24.6%), with computing professionals being the most common occupation (46.67%). Conclusion: Military personnel and civilians have different characteristics associated with ACD. Therefore, considering these characteristics before placement in a workplace can help prevent ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Plotnik
- From the Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Avov, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Bar
- From the Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Avov, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Solomon-Cohen
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Clalit Healthcare Services, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Solomon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shlomo Moshe
- Occupational Medicine Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Public Health School, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Slodownik
- From the Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Avov, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Febriana SA, Ridora Y, Indrastuti N, Dewi K, Oginawati K, Tanziha I, Prakoeswa CRS, Waskito F, Schuttelaar ML. Hazard identification and the prevalence of occupational skin disease in Indonesian Batik workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5231. [PMID: 36997563 PMCID: PMC10063566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Batik, a resist-dyeing technique to decorate a special cotton fabric, has been practiced for centuries in Indonesia. Unfortunately, as an informal enterprise, batik industry activities lack work safety and health regulations. This study aimed to identify potential health hazards, including inventorying the chemicals to which the workers are exposed, the PPE profile, and investigating the prevalence of occupational skin diseases (OSD) in the batik industry. A cross-sectional study and an inventory of exposure to the chemicals were done in traditional batik workplaces in 5 districts in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. The chemicals were classified as potential sensitizers/irritants, and the workers were examined and interviewed using the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002/LONG. Of 222 traditional batik workers, OSD were diagnosed in 61 (27.5%) workers, with occupational contact dermatitis was the most common OSD encountered (n = 23/61; 37.7%) (allergic contact dermatitis n = 7/23; irritant contact dermatitis n = 16/23). A smaller portion of other OSD was also encountered including callus, miliaria, and nail disorder (9%, 6.3%, and 5.9%, respectively). During each step of the traditional batik manufacturing process, the workers are exposed to substances that act as irritants and/or as potential contact allergens. However, only one-fourth of the workers used PPE regularly, particularly during the coloring process and wax removal (wet processes). Traditional batik manufacturing process exposes the worker to various physical and chemical hazards, resulting in a high prevalence of occupational skin diseases, especially contact dermatitis among the employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Awalia Febriana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Yohanes Ridora
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Niken Indrastuti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kusuma Dewi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Katharina Oginawati
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environment, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ikeu Tanziha
- Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Fajar Waskito
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Sekip Utara, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marie-Louise Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen/the University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Surfactants, many of which are used as detergents, can be found in many common household items, such as shampoos, conditioners, soaps, and cosmetics. One should recognize the multitude of surfactants that are used in today's products to identify any potential allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Given their abundance in everyday products, it is understandable that many cases of occupational contact dermatitis that arise can be attributed to surfactants. The products most connected with ACD are cocamidopropyl betaine, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, decyl glucoside, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine, amidoamine, and cocamide diethanolamine. Similarly, the most common surfactant-related causes of ICD are sodium lauryl sulfate and benzalkonium chloride. It is important for dermatologists to identify the causes and differentiate between the two, to adjust treatments and products accordingly. Here, the most frequently used surfactants, as well as their correlation between ACD and ICD, will be reviewed.
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Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS, Sharma R, Sharma A, Verma YR, Chandel M, Sharma H, Sharma J, Singh VK, Hooda S. Clinical, Occupational and Allergological Profile of 455 Patients with Occupational Contact Dermatitis: A 5-Year Study from a Tertiary Care Center of North India. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:541-548. [PMID: 34430457 PMCID: PMC8354417 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_768_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). Materials and Methods: The records of 455 (M:F 2:1) patients aged 18-85 years with allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of OCD and patterns of dermatitis were defined by standard criteria. Indian standard series comprising 20 allergens and when suspected patient's own products were patch tested by Finn chamber method as per European Society of Contact Dermatitis guidelines and relevance of positive results was defined clinically. Results: Airborne contact dermatitis (27.7%), acral dermatitis (14.1%), hand dermatitis (12.9%), acrofacial dermatitis (12.7%), and facial dermatitis (10.5%) were the common patterns. Agriculturists (51.2%), homemakers (27.9%), office workers (24.6%), and construction workers (4.6%) comprised the majority. Positive patch test results in 58% cases were from parthenium (31.7%), p-paraphenylenediamine (PPD) (22.9%), nickel (16%), fragrance mix (11%), potassium dichromate (10.7%), cobalt (7.6%), and mercaptobenzothiazole (4.9%). Hair colorants, shoe chips, and shaving cream also produced relevant positive reactions. Parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in agriculturists; nickel, parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in women, and potassium dichromate and parthenium in construction workers elicited the most positive reactions. PPD and hair colorants elicited positive reaction mainly in office workers. Conclusions: The agriculturists, homemakers, and construction workers have OCD most frequently. Parthenium in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, nickel in women, and PPD in office workers were the major contact allergens. The study is limited by its retrospective design, small number of patients, and limited number of patch test allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Karaninder Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yog Raj Verma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Chandel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hitender Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotshna Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Karan Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sheenam Hooda
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
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Larese Filon F, Pesce M, Paulo M, Loney T, Modenese A, John S, Kezic S, Macan J. Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1285-1289. [PMID: 33336403 PMCID: PMC8248138 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered at an increased risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) due to repetitive hand washing with soaps and disinfectants and extended use of gloves for many hours during the day. The aim of this study was to summarize the incidence of OCD in HCWs. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE (1980-present), EMBASE (1980-present) and Cochrane Library (1992-present) through May 2020 using the search term 'incidence of contact dermatitis in HCWs' according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 16 studies (six cohorts; 10 register-based) with follow-up periods between 1987 and 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of OCD reported in studies using registers of occupational diseases ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 per 10 000 person-years. The cohort studies reported incidence from 15.9 to 780.0 per 10 000 person-years; the incidence was higher in studies which included apprentice nurses. A higher incidence was also observed amongst dental practitioners, particularly dental technicians and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Studies reporting incidence data are very scarce and results differed by study design, type of contact dermatitis and investigated HCWs. Our study highlighted the dearth of high-quality data on the incidence of OCD and the possible underestimation of disease burden. Prospective cohort studies with harmonized designs, especially exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment, are required to provide more accurate, valid and recent estimates of the incidence of OCD. A high incidence amongst specific occupational groups suggests the need to undertake intervention studies with a focus on prevention, particularly during pandemics such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Larese Filon
- Clinical Unit of Occupational MedicineUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - M. Pesce
- Clinical Unit of Occupational MedicineUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - M.S. Paulo
- Institute of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - T. Loney
- College of MedicineMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubaiUAE
| | - A. Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena & Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - S.M. John
- Department DermatologyEnvironmental MedicineHealth TheoryUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm)University of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
| | - S. Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational HealthDepartment of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthZagrebCroatia
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Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cherry N, Galarneau JM. Occupational Dermatitis in Welding: Does Nickel Exposure Account for Higher Rates in Women? Analysis of a Canadian Cohort. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:183-195. [PMID: 32430497 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women are reported to have higher rates of nickel sensitization than men, but there have been few studies of sex-related differences in dermatitis associated with occupational nickel exposure. This analysis examines dermatitis in a large cohort of women and men in welding and electrical occupations and considers how far differences in rates of dermatitis may be accounted for by nickel exposure. METHODS Women and men were recruited to cohorts of workers who had entered welding and electrical apprenticeships (the WHAT-ME and WHAT-MEN studies). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and every 6 months for up to 5 years. At each contact, cohort members were asked about current dermatitis and whether it was made worse by work. From the first follow-up after recruitment, those working in their trade completed detailed subroutines about tasks in their trade including, for welders, the process, base metal, and consumables. Exposures were considered by trade and, within welding, by stainless or high alloy steel (SOHAS) as the base metal. Urinary nickel concentration was also examined. Using only report of dermatitis that began after entry to the trade, new-onset dermatitis, all episodes of dermatitis, and dermatitis made worse by work were examined against exposure by multilevel, multivariable logistic regression, allowing for potential confounding. RESULTS Among 1885 participants (welders; 447 women, 554 men: electrical trades; 438 women, 446 men), 200 reported dermatitis that started before they entered the trade, leaving 1685 for analysis. Women, but not men, who had entered the welding trades were more at risk of new onset [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.32] or dermatitis episodes (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.10-2.77) than those entering the electrical trades. Within welding, women were more at risk than men of new-onset dermatitis (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.15-2.96) and dermatitis episodes (2.14; 95% CI 1.24-3.68) but were not more likely to report these were made worse by work. Use of SOHAS as the base metal was associated with reports that dermatitis was made worse by work (3.54; 95% CI 1.04-12.03), but having adjusted for SOHAS use, women still remained at greater risk. A final analysis considered the effect on risk estimates of removing those welding SOHAS from the analysis. The risk for women of episodes of dermatitis was essentially unchanged, whether the comparison group was male welders or women in the electrical trades. CONCLUSIONS Welding is associated with risk of dermatitis in women. Although welding of SOHAS was associated with dermatitis that was made worse by work, it does not importantly explain the higher female rates in welding and other causes must be examined to support preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cherry
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-22 University Terrace, 8303 112 St, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Galarneau
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-22 University Terrace, 8303 112 St, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Zeerak S, Shah IH, Akhtar S, Bashir Y, Bhat MA, Jeelani S, Bhat YJ, Rather S, Devi R. Clinical Pattern and Patch Test Profile of Hand Eczema in Hospital Employees in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:72-77. [PMID: 33768025 PMCID: PMC7982039 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_251_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Health care workers form an important occupational group with a high risk of hand eczema. All health care professionals are exposed to a variety of allergens and irritants which can cause hand dermatitis, resulting in significant morbidity. Aims and Objectives: To assess the clinical profile of hand eczema in hospital employees, to perform patch test in relevant cases and to find out the most common sensitizers in them. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in which the staff was screened for features of hand eczema and patch testing was done in the suspected cases of allergic contact dermatitis. Results: Out of 340 employees screened, 46 employees (13.5%) suffered from hand eczema. The most common type was wear and tear dermatitis accounting for 17 (36.9%) cases, followed by discoid eczema, pompholyx, focal palmar peeling, finger-tip eczema, hyperkeratotic eczema, ring eczema, and unspecified types. Patch testing was positive in 15 (32.6%) cases. The most common allergen was paraphenylene diamine, followed by fragrance mix, nitrofurazone, mercaptobenzothiazole, potassium bichromate, black rubber mix, and thiuram mix. A statistically significant association (0.001) was found with an underlying history of atopy. Conclusion: Hand eczema is a commonly encountered dermatological complaint in many hospital employees. Proper counseling, work, up, patch testing, and treatment can mitigate the symptoms in such employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Zeerak
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Iffat Hassan Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Saniya Akhtar
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar
| | - Yaqzata Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Shazia Jeelani
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Yasmeen J Bhat
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Shugufta Rather
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Reeta Devi
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
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Uter W, Diepgen TL. Epidemiology of Contact Dermatitis and Contact Allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moscato G, Apfelbacher C, Brockow K, Eberle C, Genuneit J, Mortz CG, Quecchia C, Quirce S, Siracusa A, Tarlo SM, Kampen V, Walusiak‐Skorupa J, Raulf M. Gender and occupational allergy: Report from the task force of the EAACI Environmental and Occupational Allergy Interest Group. Allergy 2020; 75:2753-2763. [PMID: 32279350 DOI: 10.1111/all.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Women's work has traditionally been considered less hazardous to health in comparison with men's work. The increased women's participation in the workforce has led to an increased attention to women's working conditions. Women and men are unequally represented in individual professions or sectors (horizontal segregation), with women also under-represented in leadership positions (vertical segregation). The selection of specific occupations can result in differences between types and levels of occupational exposures among women and men and can affect prevalence of occupational allergy. Gender distribution of work-related asthma appears to vary across countries without clear global difference. Occupational rhinitis tends to be higher in women, although is not clear if this is related to a sex/gender effect or to differences in work exposure. Women are more likely to have occupational contact dermatitis, mainly due to wet work. No clear effects of gender on rates of hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been shown. Besides variation in exposures, physical and physiological characteristics, different behaviours and health consciousness have an impact on the occupational health hazards of women and men. Occupational allergy health promotion strategies need to consider approaches for women and men adjusted by gender, and legislative actions similarly could be implemented in a more gender-sensitive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Moscato
- Specialization School in Occupational Medicine Department of Public Health, Forensic and Experimental Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Chiara Eberle
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology Department of Pediatrics University Medicine Leipzig Germany
| | - Charlotte G. Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre ORCA (Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis) Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Cristina Quecchia
- Io e l'Asma” Center Ospedale dei Bambini ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdIPAZ) Madrid Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases CIBERES Madrid Spain
| | - Andrea Siracusa
- Formerly Professor of Occupational Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Susan Mary Tarlo
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Respiratory Division Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Vera Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐University Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐University Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
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Uter W, Diepgen TL. Epidemiology of Contact Dermatitis and Contact Allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_11-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on occupational contact dermatitis including gaps in knowledge and practice. Occupational contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disease. RECENT FINDINGS New sources of exposure for known allergens and new allergens are continually being reported. Through clinical databases and surveillance systems, effects of prevention efforts or introduction of new allergens or new uses of known allergens can be monitored. Though the diagnostic process is clear, there are delays in workers seeking care. As early detection and intervention improves outcomes, screening should be implemented. Gaps in primary prevention in the workplace are identified and should be addressed to reduce the burden of disease. Surveillance systems support the prevention mandate. Understanding limitations of our knowledge and identifying gaps in practice can lead to initiatives to address research and practice needs and improve prevention of occupational dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Linn Holness
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St., Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. .,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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Patients with negative patch tests: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data 2001-2016. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1618-1629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mekonnen TH, Yenealem DG, Tolosa BM. Self-report occupational-related contact dermatitis: prevalence and risk factors among healthcare workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018-a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:11. [PMID: 30764759 PMCID: PMC6376784 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational skin diseases are the second most common occupational diseases and are responsible for an estimated 25% of all lost work days. Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) comprises 70–90% of all occupational skin diseases. In Ethiopia, information about the prevalence and factors which determine developments of contact dermatitis is not recognized. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence and factors influencing the occurrences of occupational-related contact dermatitis among healthcare workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods We employed a healthcare-based cross-sectional study from March to April 2018. A stratified sampling method followed by simple random sampling method was used to select 422 participants. The standardized Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire was pretested and interviewer-administered for data collection. We used SPSS version 20 to conduct a binary logistic regression analysis. We set ≤ 0.05 p value to ascertain significance and 95% CI with odds ratios to evaluate the strength of associations. Results Response rate was 100%. The majority, 52.4% (N = 221), were males. The mean age was 22.6 (SD ± 6.3) years. The overall prevalence of self-report occupational contact dermatitis in the previous 12 months was 31.5% (N = 133) [95% CI (27, 36.2)]. The highest symptoms indicated was redness, 28.5% (n = 38), followed by burning, 17.3% (n = 23). The hand is the most commonly affected body sites, 22% (N = 93). Hand washing frequency [AOR 1.80, 95% CI (1.10, 3.20)], pairs of hand gloves used per day [AOR 3.22, 95% CI (2.05, 5.87)], personal history of allergy [AOR 2.37, 95% CI (1.32, 4.61)], and lack of health and safety training [AOR 2.12, 95% CI (1.12, 2.25)] were factors considerably associated with contact dermatitis. Conclusions The prevalence of occupational-induced contact dermatitis is common among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, our finding indicates that intervention aiming at workers’ health and safety training demands urgent public health responses to tackle the ailment. The result also demonstrates that healthcare workers should be aware of when and how hands should be washed. The number of pairs of gloves used per day should also be taken into consideration while devising prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Dawit Getachew Yenealem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Mindaye Tolosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Epidemiology. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fonacier L, Noor I. Contact dermatitis and patch testing for the allergist. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29522811 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review of contact dermatitis (CD) and its key allergens and provide updates and recommendations for the practicing allergist. DATA SOURCES Through the use of various scientific search engines (eg, PubMed and MEDLINE), we reviewed literature on CD, patch tests (PTs), key allergens, occupational dermatitis, and treatment. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies on CD, important allergens, and PTs were considered. RESULTS Contact-induced dermatitis may be due to allergic CD, irritant CD, systemic CD, contact urticaria, and protein CD. Key allergens include metals (nickel, gold), topical medicaments (topical corticosteroids), and cosmetics and personal care products (fragrances and preservatives such as methyl- and methylchloro-isothiazolinone). Present relevance of a positive PT result is the combination of definite, probable, and possible relevance and should be correlated with the patient's history and physical examination. Treatment of allergic CD includes identification of relevant allergens, patient education, avoidance, and provision of alternative products the patient can use. CONCLUSION CD is a common inflammatory skin disease and should be suspected in patients presenting with acute, subacute, or chronic dermatitis. The gold standard for diagnosing allergic CD is a PT. This article provides practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CD commonly seen by the allergist in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Fonacier
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Allergy, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York.
| | - Irum Noor
- Department of Allergy, New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York
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Occupational Contact Dermatitis in North American Print Machine Operators Referred for Patch Testing: Retrospective Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data From the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 1998 to 2014. Dermatitis 2017; 28:195-203. [PMID: 28338540 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the epidemiology of contact dermatitis (CD) in print machine operators (PMOs). OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of CD and characterize clinically relevant and occupationally related allergens among PMOs undergoing patch testing. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group data from 1998 to 2014. RESULTS Of 39,332 patch-tested patients, 132 (0.3%) were PMOs. Among PMOs, most were male (75.0%) and white (92.4%). The majority were printing press operators (85.6%). The most frequent sites of dermatitis were hands (63.6%), arms (29.5%), and face/scalp (24.2%). More than half had an occupationally related skin condition (56.1%). Final diagnoses were most commonly allergic CD (58.3%) and irritant CD (33.3%). Cobalt (20.8%), carba mix (12.5%), thiuram mix (8.3%), and formaldehyde (8.3%) were the most frequent occupationally related allergens. The top allergen sources included inks (22.9%), gloves (20.8%), and coatings/dye/copy/photographic chemicals (14.6%). CONCLUSIONS Allergic CD, irritant CD, and involvement of exposed body areas were common among PMOs. Common allergens included rubber accelerators, metals, and preservatives.
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Johnston G, Exton L, Mohd Mustapa M, Slack J, Coulson I, English J, Bourke J, McHenry P, Gibbon K, Buckley D, Leslie T, Mallon E, Wakelin S, Ungureanu S, Hunasehally R, Cork M, Natkunarajah J, Worsnop F, Chiang N, Donnelly J, Saunders C, Brain A, Exton LS. British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis 2017. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:317-329. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Johnston
- Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW U.K
| | - L.S. Exton
- British Association of Dermatologists Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HQ U.K
| | - M.F. Mohd Mustapa
- British Association of Dermatologists Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HQ U.K
| | - J.A. Slack
- Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW U.K
| | - I.H. Coulson
- Department of Dermatology Burnley General Hospital Casterton Avenue Burnley BB10 2PQ U.K
| | | | - J.F. Bourke
- Department of Dermatology South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital Old Blackrock Road Cork City Ireland
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Tsai CJ, Mao IF, Ting JY, Young CH, Lin JS, Li WL. Quality of Chemical Safety Information in Printing Industry. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 60:361-70. [PMID: 26568584 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Employees in printing industries can be exposed to multiple solvents in their work environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the critical components of chemical solvents by analyzing the components of the solvents and collecting the Safety data sheets (SDSs), and to evaluate the hazard communication implementation status in printing industries. METHOD About 152 printing-related industries were recruited by area-stratified random sampling and included 23 plate-making, 102 printing and 27 printing-assistance companies in Taiwan. We analyzed company questionnaires (n = 152), SDSs (n = 180), and solvents (n = 20) collected from this sample of printing-related companies. RESULTS Analytical results indicated that benzene and ethylbenzene, which were carcinogen and possibly carcinogen, were detectable in the cleaning solvents, and the detection rate were 54.5% (concentrations: <0.011-0.035 wt%) and 63.6% (concentrations: <0.011-6.22 wt%), respectively; however, neither compound was disclosed in the SDS for the solvents. Several other undisclosed components, including methanol, isopropanol and n-butanol, were also identified in the printing inks, fountain solutions and dilution solvents. We noted that, of the companies we surveyed, only 57.2% had a hazard communication program, 61.8% had SDSs on file and 59.9% provided employee safety and health training. We note that hazard communication programs were missing or ineffective in almost half of the 152 printing industries surveyed. CONCLUSIONS Current safety information of solvents components in printing industries was inadequate, and many hazardous compounds were undisclosed in the SDSs of the solvents or the labels of the containers. The implementation of hazard communications in printing industries was still not enough for protecting the employees' safety and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Tsai
- 1.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Dist., Tainan, Taiwan;
| | - I-Fang Mao
- 2.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung, Taiwan; 3.Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Yu Ting
- 1.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Dist., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Young
- 4.Institute of Labor, Occupation Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, No. 99, Lane 407, Hengke Rd., Sijhih District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Sian Lin
- 1.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Dist., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Li
- 1.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, No. 89, Wenhwa 1st St., Rende Dist., Tainan, Taiwan
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Bhatia R, Sharma VK, Ramam M, Sethuraman G, Yadav CP. Clinical profile and quality of life of patients with occupational contact dermatitis from New Delhi, India. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:172-81. [PMID: 25990826 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and its effect on quality of life (QOL) in India are limited. OBJECTIVES/AIMS To evaluate patients with OCD and record the outcome of treatment. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS All patients with OCD were evaluated for severity of disease (by the use of physician global assessment) and its effect on QOL (by use of the Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire) at the first visit and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS Among 117 patients with OCD, hand eczema was present in 81.2%. Positive patch test reactions were found in 76%. The most common allergens were Parthenium hysterophorus and potassium dichromate. The most frequent diagnosis was occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) (57%), caused by farming and construction work, followed by occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) (24%), caused by wet work. Severe psychosocial distress was recorded in 62.5% of patients. After 3 months of treatment, 83% improved significantly, and 54% had improvement in QOL. CONCLUSIONS Farmers were most frequently affected, followed by construction workers and housewives. OACD was found at a higher frequency than OICD. The most frequent allergens were Parthenium hysterophorus in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, and vegetables in housewives. OCD has a significant impact on QOL. Patch testing, in addition to standard treatment, improves the outcome considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M Ramam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chander P Yadav
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Bensefa-Colas L, Telle-Lamberton M, Paris C, Faye S, Stocks S, Luc A, Bourrain JL, Crépy MN, Dupas D, Frimat P, Garnier R, Lehucher-Michel MP, Pairon JC, Soulat JM, Lasfargues G, Choudat D, Momas I. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and major allergens in France: temporal trends for the period 2001-2010. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1375-85. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bensefa-Colas
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN; AP-HP; 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques 75014 Paris France
- Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité EA 4064 Paris France
| | | | - C. Paris
- EA-7298 INGRES; Lorraine University; Vandoeuvre Les Nancy France
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital; Nancy France
| | - S. Faye
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES); Maisons-Alfort France
| | - S.J. Stocks
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health; Centre for Epidemiology; Institute of Population Health; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
| | - A. Luc
- EA-7298 INGRES; Lorraine University; Vandoeuvre Les Nancy France
| | - J.-L. Bourrain
- Occupational Diseases Department; CHU de Grenoble; 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - M.-N. Crépy
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN; AP-HP; 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques 75014 Paris France
| | - D. Dupas
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - P. Frimat
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital; Lille France
| | - R. Garnier
- Occupational Diseases Department; APHP; Denis Diderot University; Paris France
| | - M.-P. Lehucher-Michel
- Occupational Diseases Department; Aix-Marseille University; EA 3279 Marseille France
| | - J.-C. Pairon
- Inserm U 955; Occupational Diseases Department; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil; Créteil France
| | - J.-M. Soulat
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital; Toulouse France
| | - G. Lasfargues
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES); Maisons-Alfort France
| | - D. Choudat
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN; AP-HP; 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques 75014 Paris France
| | - I. Momas
- Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité EA 4064 Paris France
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Montano D. Chemical and biological work-related risks across occupations in Europe: a review. J Occup Med Toxicol 2014; 9:28. [PMID: 25071862 PMCID: PMC4113130 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related health inequalities are determined to some extent by an unequal exposure to chemical and biological risk factors of disease. Although their potential economic burden in the European Union (EU-25) might be substantial, comprehensive reviews focusing on the distribution of these risks across occupational groups are limited. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide a synopsis of the exposure to chemical and biological hazards across occupational groups. In addition, main industrial applications of hazardous substances are identified and some epidemiological evidence is discussed regarding societal costs and incidence rates of work-related diseases. METHODS Available lists of carcinogens, sensitisers, mutagens, reprotoxic substances and biological hazards were consulted. For each work-related hazard the main industrial application was identified in order to assess which ISCO occupational groups may be associated with direct exposure. Where available, information on annual tonnage production, risk assessment of the substances and pathogens, and other relevant data were collected and reported. RESULTS Altogether 308 chemical and biological hazards were identified which may account to at least 693 direct exposures. These hazards concentrate on the following major occupational groups: technicians (ISCO 3), operators (ISCO 8), agricultural workers (ISCO 6) and workers in elementary occupations (ISCO 9). Common industrial applications associated with increased exposure rates relate among others to: (1) production or application of pigments, resins, cutting fluids, adhesives, pesticides and cleaning products, (2) production of rubber, plastics, textiles, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and (3) in agriculture, metallurgy and food processing industry, Societal costs of the unequal distribution of chemical and biological hazards across occupations depend on the corresponding work-related diseases and may range from 2900 EUR to 126000 EUR per case/year. CONCLUSIONS Risk of exposure to chemical and biological risks and work-related disease incidence are highly concentrated on four occupational groups. The unequal burden of exposure across occupations is an important contributing factor leading to health inequalities in society. The bulk of societal costs, however, are actually being borne by the workers themselves. There is an urgent need of taking into account the health impact of production processes and services on workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montano
- Faculty of Medicine, Senior professorship “Work Stress Research”, Duesseldorf University, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Jung PK, Lee JH, Baek JH, Hwang J, Won JU, Kim I, Roh J. The effect of work characteristics on dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2014; 26:13. [PMID: 25028609 PMCID: PMC4097089 DOI: 10.1186/2052-4374-26-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hairdressers in Korea perform various tasks and are exposed to health risk factors such as chemical substances or prolonged duration of wet work. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive statistics on the demographics and work characteristics of hairdressers in Korea and to identify work-related risk factors for dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers. Methods 1,054 hairdressers were selected and analyzed for this study. Independent variables were exposure to chemical substances, the training status of the hairdressers, and the main tasks required of them, and the dependent variable was the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. The relationships between work characteristics and dermatologic symptoms were evaluated by estimating odds ratios using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1,054 study subjects, 212 hairdressers (20.1%) complained of dermatologic symptoms, and the symptoms were more prevalent in younger, unmarried or highly educated hairdressers. The main tasks that comprise the majority of the wet work were strictly determined by training status, since 96.5% of staff hairdressers identified washing as their main task, while only 1.5% and 2.0% of master and designer hairdressers, respectively, identified this as their main task. Multiple logistic regressions was performed to estimate odds ratios. While exposure to hairdressing chemicals showed no significant effect on the odds ratio for the incidence of dermatologic symptoms, higher odds ratios of dermatologic symptoms were shown in staff hairdressers (2.70, 95% CI: 1.32 - 5.51) and in hairdressers who perform washing as their main task (2.03, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.37), after adjusting for general and work characteristics. Conclusions This study showed that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are closely related to each other and that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are related to the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. This suggests that in the future, regulations on working conditions and health management guidelines for hairdressers should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Kyun Jung
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Baek
- Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), Service Industry Safety Team, Chungbuk Area Office, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zorba E, Karpouzis A, Zorbas A, Bazas T, Zorbas S, Alexopoulos E, Zorbas I, Kouskoukis K, Konstandinidis T. Occupational dermatoses by type of work in Greece. Saf Health Work 2013; 4:142-8. [PMID: 24106644 PMCID: PMC3791082 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To elucidate the relationship between seven occupational dermatoses (ODs) and 20 types of work in Greece. Methods This was a prevalence epidemiologic study of certain ODs among 4,000 workers employed in 20 types of enterprise, in 104 companies, in 2006–2012, using data from company medical records, questionnaires, occupational medical, and special examinations. The χ2 test was applied to reveal statistically significant relationships between types of enterprises and occurrence of ODs. Results A high percentage (39.9%) of employees included in the study population suffered from ODs. The highest prevalence rates were noted among hairdressers (of contact dermatitis: 30%), cooks (of contact dermatitis: 29.5%), bitumen workers (of acne: 23.5%), car industry workers (of mechanical injury: 15%), construction workers (of contact urticaria: 29.5%), industrial cleaning workers (of chemical burns: 13%), and farmers (of malignant tumors: 5.5%). We observed several statistical significant correlations between ODs (acute and chronic contact dermatitis, urticaria, mechanical injury, acne, burns, skin cancer) and certain types of enterprises. There was no statistically significant correlation between gender and prevalence of ODs, except for dermatoses caused by mechanical injuries afflicting mainly men [χ2 (1) = 13.40, p < 0.001] and for chronic contact dermatitis [χ2 (1) = 5.53, p = 0.019] afflicting mainly women. Conclusion Prevalence of ODs is high in Greece, contrary to all official reports by the Greek National Institute of Health. There is a need to introduce a nationwide voluntary surveillance system for reporting ODs and to enhance skin protection measures at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zorba
- Program of Postgraduate Studies, Health and Safety in Workplaces, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Occupationally related contact dermatitis in North American food service workers referred for patch testing, 1994 to 2010. Dermatitis 2013; 24:22-8. [PMID: 23340395 DOI: 10.1097/der.0b013e31827b14e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact dermatoses are common in food service workers (FSWs). OBJECTIVES This study aims to (1) determine the prevalence of occupationally related contact dermatitis among FSWs patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) and (2) characterize responsible allergens and irritants as well as sources. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of patients patch tested by the NACDG, 1994 to 2010, was conducted. RESULTS Of 35,872 patients patch tested, 1237 (3.4%) were FSWs. Occupationally related skin disease was significantly more common in FSWs when compared with employed non-FSWs. Food service workers were significantly more likely to have hand (P < 0.0001) and arm (P < 0.0006) involvement. The rates for irritant and allergic contact dermatitis in FSWs were 30.6% and 54.7%, respectively. Although the final diagnosis of irritant contact dermatitis was statistically higher in FSWs as compared with non-FSWs, allergic contact dermatitis was lower in FSWs as compared with non-FSWs. The most frequent currently relevant and occupationally related allergens were thiuram mix (32.5%) and carba mix (28.9%). Gloves were the most common source of responsible allergens. The NACDG standard tray missed at least 1 occupationally related allergen in 38 patients (4.3%). CONCLUSIONS Among FSWs patch tested by the NACDG between 1994 and 2010, the most common allergens were thiuram mix and carba mix. Gloves were the most common source of responsible allergens.
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Halioua B, Bensefa-Colas L, Bouquiaux B, Crépy M, Assier H, Billon S, Chosidow O. Occupational Contact Dermatitis in 10,582 French Patients Reported between 2004 and 2007: A Descriptive Study. Dermatology 2012; 225:354-63. [DOI: 10.1159/000342175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Steiner MFC, Dick FD, Scaife AR, Semple S, Paudyal P, Ayres JG. High prevalence of skin symptoms among bakery workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 61:280-2. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Nicholson PJ, Llewellyn D, English JS. Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 63:177-86. [PMID: 20831687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational contact dermatitis is the most frequently reported work-related skin disease in many countries. A systematic review was commissioned by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation in response to a House of Lords Science and Technology Committee recommendation. OBJECTIVES The systematic review aims to improve the prevention, identification and management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria by providing evidence-based recommendations. METHODS The literature was searched systematically using Medline and Embase for English-language articles published up to the end of September 2009. Evidence-based statements and recommendations were graded using the Royal College of General Practitioner's three-star system and the revised Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system. RESULTS Three thousand one hundred and fifty-five abstracts were identified and screened. From these, 786 full papers were obtained and appraised. One hundred and nineteen of these studies were used to produce 36 graded evidence statements and 10 key recommendations. CONCLUSIONS This evidence review and its recommendations focus on interventions and outcomes to provide a robust approach to the prevention, identification and occupational management of occupational contact dermatitis and urticaria, based on and using the best available medical evidence.
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Field S, O'Sullivan C, Bourke JF. Allergic Contact Dermatitis from N,NMethylenebismorpholine in a Cutting Oil. Dermatitis 2010. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2010.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kurt E, Demir AU, Cadirci O, Yildirim H, Ak G, Eser TP. Occupational exposures as risk factors for asthma and allergic diseases in a Turkish population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 84:45-52. [PMID: 20617331 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-010-0563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been no community-based epidemiological study on the relation of occupational exposures with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Turkey. We examined the relationship between occupational exposures and adult-onset asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in a Turkish adult population. METHODS The data was collected from 1,047 adults, selected randomly from five distant family health centers. Questionnaires were filled by family practitioners with the help of interviews. The data included physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, wheezing, and occupational exposures. RESULTS Wheezing in all the subjects was associated with past exposure to irritants (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.0-2.9), wood/coal smoke (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.0-5.3), metal dust (OR: 2.6, 95%CI: 1.2-5.7), volatile fumes (OR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1-5.3), and paper dust (OR: 3.7, 95%CI: 1.5-8.9). Past exposure to dust (OR: 4.1, 95%CI: 1.2-14.2) and to irritants (OR: 6.5, 95%CI: 2.0-20.4) were associated with increased prevalence of wheezing in nonsmokers, whereas current exposure to irritants was associated with decreased prevalence of wheezing (OR: 0.1, 95%CI: 0.01-0.9) in these subjects. In subjects who were regular smokers, exposure to metal dust (OR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.2-6.5), volatile fumes (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.0-5.3), and paper dust (OR: 3.3, 95%CI: 1.3-8.6) were the main causes for wheezing. Physician-diagnosed eczema was associated with occupational exposure to chemical fumes (OR: 3.7, 95%CI: 1.3-10.6). CONCLUSION The present study showed that occupational exposures were associated with wheezing and eczema prevalence in the studied population. Nonsmokers could be more vulnerable to respiratory effects of occupational exposures due to healthy smokers effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kurt
- Medical Faculty, Pulmonary Diseases-Allergy Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Gunturi SB, Theerthala SS, Patel NK, Bahl J, Narayanan R. Prediction of skin sensitization potential using D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification methods. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 21:305-335. [PMID: 20544553 DOI: 10.1080/10629361003773955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of skin sensitization data of 255 diverse compounds and 450 calculated descriptors was performed to develop global predictive classification models that are applicable to whole chemical space. With this aim, we employed two automated procedures, (a) D-optimal design to select optimal members of the training and test sets and (b) k-Nearest Neighbour classification (kNN) method along with Genetic Algorithms (GA-kNN Classification) to select significant and independent descriptors in order to build the models. This methodology helped us to derive multiple models, M1-M5, that are stable and robust. The best among them, model M1 (CCR(train) = 84.3%, CCR(test) = 87.2% and CCR(ext) = 80.4%), is based on six neighbours and nine descriptors and further suggests that: (a) it is stable and robust and performs better than the reported models in literature, and (b) the combination of D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification approach is a very promising approach. Consensus prediction based on the models M1-M5 improved the CCR of training, test and external validation datasets by 3.8%, 4.45% and 3.85%, respectively, over M1. From the analysis of the physical meaning of the selected descriptors, it is inferred that the skin sensitization potential of small organic compounds can be accurately predicted using calculated descriptors that code for the following fundamental properties: (i) lipophilicity, (ii) atomic polarizability, (iii) shape, (iii) electrostatic interactions, and (iv) chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Gunturi
- Innovation Labs Hyderabad, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, #1, Software Units Layout, Madhapur, Hyderabad - 500 081, India
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O’Connell RL, White IR, Mc Fadden JP, White JML. Hairdressers with dermatitis should always be patch tested regardless of atopy status. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:177-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Noiles K, Kudla I, DeKoven J. Propylene Glycol Dermatitis in the Printing Industry: The Fundamental Role of a Workplace Visit. Dermatitis 2010. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2010.09071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Keegel T, Moyle M, Dharmage S, Frowen K, Nixon R. The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis (1990-2007): a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:571-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Work-related ill health in general practice, as reported to a UK-wide surveillance scheme. Br J Gen Pract 2008; 58:637-40. [PMID: 18801281 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp08x330753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GPs with training in occupational medicine report cases of work-related ill health and sickness absence to The Health and Occupation Reporting network in General Practice (THOR-GP) using an online webform. This report describes the data reported in 2006 and 2007. GPs mainly reported musculoskeletal disorders and mental ill-health. A much larger proportion of the mental ill-health cases were sickness-absence certified, making up 55.9% of the total days certified. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most frequently reported diagnoses of work-related ill health, but mental ill-health is responsible for most work-related sickness absence.
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Dickel H, Kuss O, Blesius C, Schmidt A, Diepgen T. Occupational skin diseases in Northern Bavaria between 1990 and 1999: a population-based study. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2001.04377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Franks S, Ward J, Tindall M, King J, Curtis A, Evans G. A mathematical model of the in vitro keratinocyte response to chromium and nickel exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1088-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thorley K, Turner S, Hussey L, Zarin N, Agius R. CPD for GPs using the THOR-GP website. Occup Med (Lond) 2007; 57:575-80. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqm116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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de Joode BVW, Vermeulen R, Heederik D, van Ginkel K, Kromhout H. Evaluation of 2 self-administered questionnaires to ascertain dermatitis among metal workers and its relation with exposure to metalworking fluids. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 56:311-7. [PMID: 17577371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We performed an exploratory study to evaluate 2 self-administered questionnaires assessing hand dermatitis and investigate a possible exposure-response relationship between dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metalworking fluids (SMWF) and dermatitis. In a cross-sectional survey on dermatitis, a symptom-based questionnaire and a picture-based skin screening list were applied in 80 SMWF-exposed workers and 67 referents. To evaluate the accuracy of the questionnaires, 47 subjects were examined by a dermatologist. Dermal exposure levels to SMWF were assessed on hands, forearms, and face with a observational method that was validated using a fluorescent tracer method. The symptom-based questionnaire had a relatively high sensitivity (0.86) but moderate specificity (0.64), and the skin screening list had a low sensitivity (0.36) and a relatively high specificity (0.84). The skin screening list seemed to represent the more severe cases of dermatitis and showed a significant relation with exposure for dermatitis on hands, forearms, or face. In epidemiological surveys where workers are not seen by a dermatologist, the skin screening list seems to be more appropriate to detect cases of dermatitis, as its higher specificity results in less false positives. Alternatively, it would be preferable applying the symptom-based questionnaire; workers with symptoms should be seen by a dermatologist to identify false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Risk Assessment in the Work Environment, TNO Quality of Life and IRAS Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Curtis A, Morton J, Balafa C, MacNeil S, Gawkrodger DJ, Warren ND, Evans GS. The effects of nickel and chromium on human keratinocytes: Differences in viability, cell associated metal and IL-1α release. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:809-19. [PMID: 17368827 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of chromium and nickel upon isolated keratinocytes as an in vitro model of human skin. Keratinocytes were isolated from healthy volunteer skin samples of unknown metal sensitivity (n=10) and were compared with cells from patient biopsies of known metal sensitivity (n=7). Cells were dosed with a concentration range of nickel and chromium (0-10,000 microM) and cellular mitochondrial activity, viability, metal uptake and cytokine release were measured. Responses of primary versus passaged keratinocytes were also compared. Toxicity data from primary and passaged keratinocytes was statistically analysed by the non-linear Hill Plot model. Results showed that hexavalent chromium was significantly more cytotoxic, associated more with keratinocytes and induced a dose dependant release of IL-1alpha compared to nickel. Significant differences were observed between primary and passaged keratinocytes with regard to the toxicity of chromium and nickel and variation of response. No differences were observed in the cytotoxicity or cytokine release induced by chromium or nickel for the known sensitised biopsy patient samples (n=4) compared to patch test negative controls (n=3). The results from this study suggest human keratinocytes in vitro respond very differently to chromium and nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Curtis
- Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK.
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van Wendel de Joode B, Vermeulen R, Heederik D, van Ginkel K, Kromhout H. Evaluation of two self-administered questionnaires to ascertain dermatitis among metal workers and its relation with exposure to metal working fluids. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57:14-20. [PMID: 17577352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We performed an exploratory study to evaluate 2 self-administered questionnaires assessing hand dermatitis and to investigate a possible exposure-response relation between dermal exposure to semi-synthetic metal working fluids (SMWF) and dermatitis. In a cross-sectional survey on dermatitis, a symptom-based questionnaire and a picture-based skin-screening list were applied in 80 SMWF-exposed workers and 67 referents. To evaluate accuracy of the questionnaires, 47 subjects were examined by a dermatologist. Dermal exposure levels to SMWF were assessed on the hands, forearms, and face with an observational method that was validated with a fluorescent-tracer method. The symptom-based questionnaire had a relatively high sensitivity (0.86) but moderate specificity (0.64), the skin-screening list had a low sensitivity (0.36) and a relatively high specificity (0.84). The skin-screening list seemed to represent the more severe cases of dermatitis and showed a significant relation to exposure, for dermatitis on hands, forearms, or face. In epidemiological surveys where workers are not seen by a dermatologist, the skin-screening list seems to be more appropriate to detect cases of dermatitis, as its higher specificity results in less false positives. Alternatively, it would be preferable to apply the symptom-based questionnaire; workers with symptoms should be seen by a dermatologist to identify false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Risk Assessment in the Work Environment, a collaborative centre between TNO Quality of Life and IRAS Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Nickel is a widely distributed metal that is industrially applied in many forms. Accumulated epidemiological evidence confirms that exposures to nickel compounds are associated with increased nasal and lung cancer incidence, both in mostly occupational exposures. Although the molecular mechanisms by which nickel compounds cause cancer are still under intense investigation, the carcinogenic actions of nickel compounds are thought to involve oxidative stress, genomic DNA damage, epigenetic effects, and the regulation of gene expression by activation of certain transcription factors related to corresponding signal transduction pathways. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on the role of nickel induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Lu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
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Aoyama K, Xu B, Cook RE, Kusumoto M, Shi M, Michie SA, Takeuchi T. Contact sensitizer potassium dichromate alters lymphocyte populations in draining lymph nodes and blood in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2007; 17:475-81. [PMID: 20020874 DOI: 10.1080/15376510701190839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chromium is a common human contact allergen, but it is not known whether chromates cause contact hypersensitivity by immunological mechanisms similar to those induced by strong haptens. To understand the immunological events of contact hypersensitivity to chromates, we investigated whether and how chromate sensitization alters lymphocyte subsets in draining lymph nodes (DLNs), blood, and spleens in mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized by painting their ears with 0.5% potassium dichromate or vehicle alone on 3 consecutive days. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte surface antigens showed that the chromate exposure significantly increased the percentage of B cells and decreased the percentages of T cells in the DLNs. This was accompanied by a relative increase in T cells and a relative decrease in B cells in peripheral blood. In contrast to the chromate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (a skin irritant) did not affect B cells or T cells in the three compartments. Moreover, sensitization to the chromate led to dose-dependent decreases in the percentages of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in the DLNs. However, CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells were significantly increased in the blood and DLNs of the chromate-sensitized mice. Additionally, the percentage of B cells in the DLNs but not blood was dose-dependently increased in the chromate-sensitized mice. Histologically, B-cell areas were dramatically enlarged in the DLNs of the chromate-sensitized mice. Thus, this report provides basic information to further elucidate the role of individual lymphocyte subsets in contact hypersensitivity to chromates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Aoyama
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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Rabin B, Fraidlin N. Patients with occupational contact dermatitis in Israel: quality of life and social implications. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2007; 45:97-111. [PMID: 17954445 DOI: 10.1300/j010v45n02_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common occupational diseases is skin disease caused as a result of contact with work-related materials or exacerbated by them. Although occupational-related skin disease is a common condition, it is not considered to be a serious one and, therefore, has not received satisfactory attention in the psycho-social literature or in the social work profession. In our study, 70 occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) patients were interviewed by telephone regarding psychological, social, economic, and subjective issues related to the disease. All patients reported to be affected in their daily living activities, self-image, economic status, and in their interpersonal relationships in the family. Our study seeks to highlight the problems of this population group and serve as a vehicle to facilitate patient's rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rabin
- Social Services, Meir Hospital Kfar Saba, 56 Tchernichovski Street, Kfar Saba, Israel.
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Lazarov A, Rabin B, Fraidlin N, Abraham D. Medical and psychosocial outcome of patients with occupational contact dermatitis in Israel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:1061-5. [PMID: 16987258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the medical, financial and prognostic factors of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) have been addressed, studies on the social outcome of OCD are sparse. OBJECTIVE To define the medical and psychosocial outcome of patients with OCD. METHODS Workers with OCD were interviewed by telephone using a questionnaire that included questions about the occupation, dermatological disease, sick leave, present working status and disability claims, and questions related to the subjective perceptions of OCD in all areas of psychosocial functioning and quality of life. RESULTS Seventy workers (64.3% males and 35.7% females) were interviewed. Forty per cent had stopped working and one-third had taken sick leave because of OCD. Forty-seven (67.1%) were currently working while 23 (32.8%) were unemployed. Disability compensation was claimed by only 41.4% and was received by 24.3%. Eight workers (11.4%) had persistent postoccupational dermatitis (PPOD). Loss of employment affected the occupational area of the workers' lives (100%), and also interpersonal relationships (45.7%), relationships within the family (18.6%), daily functioning (45.7%) and mental health (24.3%). CONCLUSIONS Considerable working time is lost because of unemployment or sick leave due to OCD. Only a small proportion of eligible patients with OCD apply for disability compensation and an even smaller proportion receive it. Our study demonstrates the significance of OCD to the psychosocial aspects of workers' lives and emphasizes that the assessment of OCD outcome should relate not only to the medical but also to the psychosocial aspect of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lazarov
- Contact Dermatitis Clinic, Meir Hospital and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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