Hereditary multiple exostosis. A comparative genetic evaluation in man and horses

Arthroscopic removal of a solitary osteochondroma interfering with the podotrochlear apparatus in a foal

Objective

To report the diagnostics, surgical treatment, and outcome of a juvenile foal with solitary osteochondroma (SO) interfering with the podotrochlear apparatus.

Study design

Case report

Animal

One 36‐day‐old Arabian colt.

Methods

Clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, and histopathologic examinations were required to characterize and treat an SO located at the palmar aspect of the diaphysis of the second phalanx of the left forelimb. This SO caused severe distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) inflammation, marked interference with the podotrochlear apparatus, and associated lameness.

Results

Despite the small size of the foal's foot, complete resection of the SO was possible via palmar DIPJ arthroscopy by using motorized equipment. Full resolution of the lameness was achieved within 3 months of surgery.

Conclusion

Atypical SO located on the palmar aspect of the second phalanx can cause marked nonseptic inflammation of the DIPJ and interference with the podotrochlear apparatus and should be considered among the differential diagnoses for severe lameness in juvenile foals. Arthroscopic resection of the SO led to an excellent outcome.

Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses: case report and review of the literature

Exostoses, also known as hyperostoses, are localized bony protuberances that arise from the cortical plate. These developmental anomalies, or hamartomas, frequently affect the skeletal jaw. Different types of exostoses have been described. Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are two of the most common intraoral exostoses. Other types of exostoses, affecting the palatal aspect of the maxilla (palatal exostoses) or the buccal aspects of the jaws (buccal exostoses), are less commonly encountered. Concurrence of different forms of exostoses in the same individual is very rare. A 48-year-old woman manifesting excessive palatal exostoses, torus palatinus, and buccal exostoses is described. We present the clinical and histopathologic features and applied therapy and provide a comprehensive review of the current features of exostoses.

Osteochondroma in laboratory rats: a report of 3 cases in a Fischer-344, a Sprague-Dawley, and a Wistar rat

Three cases of osteochondroma in a male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat, a female Fischer (F344) rat, and a male Wistar rat are described. The rats were aged between 26 and 30 months. All osteochondromas were considered to be of spontaneous origin. The Wistar rat had multiple osteochondromas on both hind legs, the skull base, and a lumbar vertebra, whereas each of the F344 and SD rats was affected by a solitary osteochondroma, also on a lumbar vertebra. The lumbar osteochondromas were similar in appearance in all rats and consisted of a central core of trabecular bone, interspersed with fatty marrow and covered by a cap of hyaline cartilage. The additional tumors in the Wistar rat represented different developmental stages of osteochondroma with or without endochondral activity. The osteochondromas in the rats were morphologically similar to those described in humans and some domestic animal species.

Hereditary multiple exostoses

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Periodic hypersomnia, congenital ectodermal disorders and multiple exostosis

A case of periodic hypersomnia in an 11-year-old female with the unique features of mental deficiency, incontinentia pigmenti, acanthosis nigricans and hereditary multiple exostosis (diaphysial aclasis) is reported. The clinical, polysomnographic and Multiple Sleep Latency test features of this case with a follow up of seven years are consistent with a diagnosis of periodic (intermittent) excessive somnolence. The unique presentation, however, does differ from Kleine-Levin syndrome and suggests a relationship between the predominantly ectodermal, congenital disorders and the sleep-wake pattern dysfunction.

Hereditary multiple exostoses. A rare cause of arterial insufficiency

The authors describe a case in which an exostosis of the femur produced thrombosis of the third portion of the right femoral artery in a male of 34.