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Sarin S, Javidan A, Boivin F, Alexopoulou I, Lukic D, Svajger B, Chu S, Baradaran-Heravi A, Boerkoel CF, Rosenblum ND, Bridgewater D. Insights into the renal pathogenesis in Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: A renal histological characterization and expression analysis. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:32-44. [PMID: 25319549 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414558335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a pleiotropic disorder caused by mutations in the SWI/SNF2-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like-1 (SMARCAL1) gene, with multiple clinical features, notably end-stage renal disease. Here we characterize the renal pathology in SIOD patients. Our analysis of SIOD patient renal biopsies demonstrates the tip and collapsing variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Additionally, electron microscopy revealed numerous glomerular abnormalities most notably in the podocyte and Bowman's capsule. To better understand the role of SMARCAL1 in the pathogenesis of FSGS, we defined SMARCAL1 expression in the developing and mature kidney. In the developing fetal kidney, SMARCAL1 is expressed in the ureteric epithelium, stroma, metanephric mesenchyme, and in all stages of the developing nephron, including the maturing glomerulus. In postnatal kidneys, SMARCAL1 expression is localized to epithelial tubules of the nephron, collecting ducts, and glomerulus (podocytes and endothelial cells). Interestingly, not all cells within the same lineage expressed SMARCAL1. In renal biopsies from SIOD patients, TUNEL analysis detected marked increases in DNA fragmentation. Our results highlight the cells that may contribute to the renal pathogenesis in SIOD. Further, we suggest that disruptions in genomic integrity during fetal kidney development contribute to the pathogenesis of FSGS in SIOD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sarin
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Ashkan Javidan
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Felix Boivin
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Iakovina Alexopoulou
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Dusan Lukic
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Bruno Svajger
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Stephanie Chu
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Heravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (ABH, CFB)
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (ABH, CFB),Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (CFB)
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (NDR)
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Program in Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (SS, AJ, FB, IA, BS, SC, DL, DB)
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Clewing JM, Antalfy BC, Lücke T, Najafian B, Marwedel KM, Hori A, Powel RM, Do AFS, Najera L, SantaCruz K, Hicks MJ, Armstrong DL, Boerkoel CF. Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: a clinicopathological correlation. J Med Genet 2006; 44:122-30. [PMID: 16840568 PMCID: PMC2598061 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.044313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in swi/snf-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1 (SMARCAL1). METHODS Analysis of detailed autopsies to correlate clinical and pathological findings in two men severely affected with SIOD. RESULTS As predicted by the clinical course, T cell deficiency in peripheral lymphoid organs, defective chondrogenesis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cerebral ischaemic lesions and premature atherosclerosis were identified. Clinically unexpected findings included a paucity of B cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs, emperipolesis-like (penetration of one cell by another) abnormalities in the adenohypophysis, fatty infiltration of the cardiac right ventricular wall, pulmonary emphysema, testicular hypoplasia with atrophy and azospermia, and clustering of small cerebral vessels. CONCLUSIONS A regulatory role for the SMARCAL1 protein in the proliferation of chondrocytes, lymphocytes and spermatozoa, as well as in the development or maintenance of cardiomyocytes and in vascular homoeostasis, is suggested. Additional clinical management guidelines are recommended as this study has shown that patients with SIOD may be at risk of pulmonary hypertension, combined immunodeficiency, subcortical ischaemic dementia and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marietta Clewing
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Elizondo LI, Huang C, Northrop JL, Deguchi K, Clewing JM, Armstrong DL, Boerkoel CF. Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia: a cell autonomous disorder? Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:340-8. [PMID: 16419127 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like protein 1) encodes a SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein. Mutations in SMARCAL1 cause the autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD); this suggests that the SMARCAL1 protein is involved in the development or maintenance of multiple organs. Disease within these many tissues could arise by a cell autonomous or a cell non-autonomous mechanism. Consistent with a cell autonomous mechanism, we did not find any disease recurrence in transplanted organs or protection of other tissues by the organ grafts. In order to better understand the role of SMARCAL1 during normal development and in the pathogenesis of SIOD, we characterized the spatial and temporal expression of the murine homolog (Smarcal1). The Smarcal1 mRNA and protein were expressed throughout development and in all tissues affected in patients with SIOD including the bone, kidney, thymus, thyroid, tooth, bone marrow, hair, eye, and blood vessels. Significantly, the expression profile of Smarcal1 in the mouse has led us to reexamine and identify novel pathology in our patient population resulting in changes in the clinical management of SIOD. The expression of Smarcal1 in affected tissues and the non-recurrence of disease in grafted organs lead us to hypothesize a cell autonomous function for SMARCAL1 and to propose tissue-specific mechanisms for the pathophysiology of SIOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah I Elizondo
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Grcevska L, Polenakovic M, Petrusevska G. Adult familial nephrotic syndrome--Balkan variant of congenital nephrotic syndrome. Ren Fail 1997; 19:811-7. [PMID: 9415939 DOI: 10.3109/08860229709037222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on two families from the southern part of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (close to Mediterranean area) with autosomal dominant inherited nephrotic syndrome, documented with renal biopsy in three family members. Histopathological examination confirmed microcystic tubular changes and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In biopsied patients proteinuria was noted in the first decade, or second, but it was quantitatively documented as nephrotic in the second and third decade. The prognosis of the patients was poor: one patient died because of intracranial hemorrhage before developing end stage renal disease; the other two cases developed end stage chronic renal failure in the third and fourth decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grcevska
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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