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Leverne L, Roach T, Perreau F, Maignan F, Krieger-Liszkay A. Increased drought resistance in state transition mutants is linked to modified plastoquinone pool redox state. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3737-3747. [PMID: 37614199 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying traits that exhibit improved drought resistance is highly important to cope with the challenges of predicted climate change. We investigated the response of state transition mutants to drought. Compared with the wild type, state transition mutants were less affected by drought. Photosynthetic parameters in leaves probed by chlorophyll fluorescence confirmed that mutants possess a more reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool, as expected due to the absence of state transitions. Seedlings of the mutants showed an enhanced growth of the primary root and more lateral root formation. The photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, leading to an oxidised PQ pool, inhibited primary root growth in wild type and mutants, while the cytochrome b6 f complex inhibitor 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone, leading to a reduced PQ pool, stimulated root growth. A more reduced state of the PQ pool was associated with a slight but significant increase in singlet oxygen production. Singlet oxygen may trigger a, yet unknown, signalling cascade promoting root growth. We propose that photosynthetic mutants with a deregulated ratio of photosystem II to photosystem I activity can provide a novel path for improving crop drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leverne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - François Perreau
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Reyes-Hernández BJ, Maizel A. Tunable recurrent priming of lateral roots in Arabidopsis: More than just a clock? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102479. [PMID: 37857036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) formation in Arabidopsis is a continuous, repetitive, post-embryonic process regulated by a series of coordinated events and tuned by the environment. It shapes the root system, enabling plants to efficiently explore soil resources and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Although the auxin-regulated modules responsible for LR morphogenesis and emergence are well documented, less is known about the initial priming. Priming is characterised by recurring peaks of auxin signalling, which, once memorised, earmark cells to form the new LR. We review the recent experimental and modelling approaches to understand the molecular processes underlying the recurring LR formation. We argue that the intermittent priming of LR results from interweaving the pattern of auxin flow and root growth together with an oscillatory auxin-modulated transcriptional mechanism and illustrate its long-range sugar-mediated tuning by light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nadi R, Juan-Vicente L, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Micol JL. The unequal functional redundancy of Arabidopsis INCURVATA11 and CUPULIFORMIS2 is not dependent on genetic background. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239093. [PMID: 38034561 PMCID: PMC10684699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The paralogous genes INCURVATA11 (ICU11) and CUPULIFORMIS2 (CP2) encode components of the epigenetic machinery in Arabidopsis and belong to the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. We previously inferred unequal functional redundancy between ICU11 and CP2 from a study of the synergistic phenotypes of the double mutant and sesquimutant combinations of icu11 and cp2 mutations, although they represented mixed genetic backgrounds. To avoid potential confounding effects arising from different genetic backgrounds, we generated the icu11-5 and icu11-6 mutants via CRISPR/Cas genome editing in the Col-0 background and crossed them to cp2 mutants in Col-0. The resulting mutants exhibited a postembryonic-lethal phenotype reminiscent of strong embryonic flower (emf) mutants. Double mutants involving icu11-5 and mutations affecting epigenetic machinery components displayed synergistic phenotypes, whereas cp2-3 did not besides icu11-5. Our results confirmed the unequal functional redundancy between ICU11 and CP2 and demonstrated that it is not allele or genetic background specific. An increase in sucrose content in the culture medium partially rescued the post-germinative lethality of icu11 cp2 double mutants and sesquimutants, facilitating the study of their morphological phenotypes throughout their life cycle, which include floral organ homeotic transformations. We thus established that the ICU11-CP2 module is required for proper flower organ identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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Kircher S, Schopfer P. Photosynthetic sucrose drives the lateral root clock in Arabidopsis seedlings. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00543-2. [PMID: 37207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant roots is subject to control by light. Here, we show that, similar to monotonous root elongation, the periodic induction of lateral roots (LRs) depends on the activation by light of photomorphogenic and photosynthetic photoreceptors in the shoot in a hierarchical order. The prevailing belief is that the plant hormone auxin serves as a mobile signal transmitter, responsible for interorgan communication, including light-controlled shoot-to-root connections. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the transcription factor HY5 assumes the role as a mobile shoot-to-root signal transmitter. Here, we provide evidence that photosynthetic sucrose produced in the shoot acts as the long-distance signal carrier regulating the local, tryptophan-based biosynthesis of auxin in the LR generation zone of the primary root tip, where the LR clock controls the pace of LR initiation in an auxin-tunable manner. Synchronization of LR formation with primary root elongation allows the adjustment of overall root growth to the photosynthetic performance of the shoot and the maintenance of a constant LR density during light-dark changes in a variable light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kircher
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Schopfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Zhang W, Fang D, Dong K, Hu F, Ye Z, Cao J. Insights into the environmental factors shaping lateral root development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13878. [PMID: 36808102 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important organs of plants. Plants rely on roots for water, nutrients, and organic salts. In the whole root system, lateral roots (LRs) account for a large proportion and are critical to the development of the plant. Many environmental factors affect LR development. Therefore, a systematic understanding of these factors can provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal growth conditions for plants. In this paper, the factors affecting LR development are systematically and comprehensively summarized, and the molecular mechanism and regulatory network of LR development are described. Changes in the external environment not only lead to hormone homeostasis in plants but also affect the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn affect plants' nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and growth dynamics. LR development is influenced by hormone levels and external environment. In particular, auxin and abscisic acid coordinate with each other to maintain normal LR development. Of course, changes in the external environment are also important for root development, and they affect the intrinsic hormone levels of plants by affecting the accumulation and transport of hormones. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, water, drought, light, and rhizosphere microorganisms affect LR development and plant tolerance in a variety of ways, including regulating hormone levels. This review summarizes the factors affecting LR development and the regulatory network and points out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Stafen CF, Kleine-Vehn J, Maraschin FDS. Signaling events for photomorphogenic root development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1266-1282. [PMID: 36057533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A germinating seedling incorporates environmental signals such as light into developmental outputs. Light is not only a source of energy, but also a central coordinative signal in plants. Traditionally, most research focuses on aboveground organs' response to light; therefore, our understanding of photomorphogenesis in roots is relatively scarce. However, root development underground is highly responsive to light signals from the shoot and understanding these signaling mechanisms will give a better insight into early seedling development. Here, we review the central light signaling hubs and their role in root growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Fernanda Stafen
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Dos Santos Maraschin
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Daszkowska-Golec A. ABA is important not only under stress - revealed by the discovery of new ABA transporters. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:423-425. [PMID: 35249809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports by Qin et al. and Zhang et al. cast light on long-distance abscisic acid (ABA) transport and demonstrate that ABA has a major impact on plant growth and physiology under both non-stress and stress conditions. Insights into ABA transport may provide a means to modulate the response of plants to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
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8
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Torres-Martínez HH, Napsucialy-Mendivil S, Dubrovsky JG. Cellular and molecular bases of lateral root initiation and morphogenesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102115. [PMID: 34742019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root development is essential for the establishment of the plant root system. Lateral root initiation is a multistep process that impacts early primordium morphogenesis and is linked to the formation of a morphogenetic field of pericycle founder cells. Gradual recruitment of founder cells builds this morphogenetic field in an auxin-dependent manner. The complex process of lateral root primordium morphogenesis includes several subprocesses, which are presented in this review. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these subprocesses are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor H Torres-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
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Zhang Y, Kilambi HV, Liu J, Bar H, Lazary S, Egbaria A, Ripper D, Charrier L, Belew ZM, Wulff N, Damodaran S, Nour-Eldin HH, Aharoni A, Ragni L, Strader L, Sade N, Weinstain R, Geisler M, Shani E. ABA homeostasis and long-distance translocation are redundantly regulated by ABCG ABA importers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6069. [PMID: 34669479 PMCID: PMC8528425 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on plant growth, development, and response to the environment depend on local ABA concentrations. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, ABA homeostasis is regulated by two previously unknown ABA transporters. Adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette subfamily G member 17 (ABCG17) and ABCG18 are localized to the plasma membranes of leaf mesophyll and cortex cells to redundantly promote ABA import, leading to conjugated inactive ABA sinks, thus restricting stomatal closure. ABCG17 and ABCG18 double knockdown revealed that the transporters encoded by these genes not only limit stomatal aperture size, conductance, and transpiration while increasing water use efficiency but also control ABA translocation from the shoot to the root to regulate lateral root emergence. Under abiotic stress conditions, ABCG17 and ABCG18 are transcriptionally repressed, promoting active ABA movement and response. The transport mechanism mediated by ABCG17 and ABCG18 allows plants to maintain ABA homeostasis under normal growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hamutal Bar
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shani Lazary
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Dagmar Ripper
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laurence Charrier
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zeinu Mussa Belew
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Wulff
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | | | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Laura Ragni
- ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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