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Helamieh M, Reich M, Rohne P, Riebesell U, Kerner M, Kümmerer K. Impact of green and blue-green light on the growth, pigment concentration, and fatty acid unsaturation in the microalga Monoraphidium braunii. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:587-595. [PMID: 37882377 DOI: 10.1111/php.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light is an important factor for the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Several blue light-regulated metabolic processes have already been identified in the industrially relevant microalga Monoraphidium braunii. However, little is known about the spectral impact on this species' growth, fatty acid (FA), and pigment composition. In this study, M. braunii was cultivated under different light spectra (white light: 400-700 nm, blue light: 400-550 nm, green light: 450-600 nm, and red light: 580-700 nm) at 25°C for 96 h. The growth was monitored daily. Additionally, the FA composition, and pigment concentration was analyzed after 96 h. The highest biomass production was observed upon white light and red light irradiation. However, green light also led to comparably high biomass production, fueling the scientific debate about the contribution of weakly absorbed light wavelengths to microalgal biomass production. All light spectra (white, blue, and green) that comprised blue-green light (450-550 nm) led to a higher degree of FA unsaturation and a greater concentration of all identified pigments than red light. These results further contribute to the growing understanding that blue-green light is an essential trigger for maximized pigment concentration and FA unsaturation in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helamieh
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
- Strategic Science Consult Ltd., Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reich
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Rohne
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Therapeutical Life Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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2
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Canini D, Ceschi E, Perozeni F. Toward the Exploitation of Sustainable Green Factory: Biotechnology Use of Nannochloropsis spp. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:292. [PMID: 38785776 PMCID: PMC11117969 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Securing food, energy, and raw materials for a growing population is one of the most significant challenges of our century. Algae play a central role as an alternative to plants. Wastewater and flue gas can secure nutrients and CO2 for carbon fixation. Unfortunately, algae domestication is necessary to enhance biomass production and reduce cultivation costs. Nannochloropsis spp. have increased in popularity among microalgae due to their ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids, including PUFAs. Recently, the interest in the use of Nannochloropsis spp. as a green bio-factory for producing high-value products increased proportionally to the advances of synthetic biology and genetic tools in these species. In this review, we summarized the state of the art of current nuclear genetic manipulation techniques and a few examples of their application. The industrial use of Nannochloropsis spp. has not been feasible yet, but genetic tools can finally lead to exploiting this full-of-potential microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federico Perozeni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.)
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3
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Zhang F, Li Y, Miao X. Quantum dot-based light conversion strategy for customized cultivation of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130489. [PMID: 38403170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with the potential to mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect by carbon fixation. However, their growth is typically limited by light availability. A wavelength converter utilizing red, blue, and green quantum dots (QDs) was developed to optimize light quality for enhancing microalgal production. The growth, lipid content, and eicosapentaenoic acid titer of Nannochloropsis increased by 11.2%, 9.5%, and 15.5% with red QDs, respectively. The biomass and triacylglycerol content of Phaeodactylum tricornutum increased by 8.6% and 35.0%, respectively. Simultaneously, biodiesel production was accelerated in Nannochloropsis (20.2%) and P. tricornutum (11.6%), and improved with increased cetane number and reduced iodine value. Furthermore, red QDs increased the growth and biomass accumulation of Nannochloropsis under low light, while green QDs shielded Nannochloropsis from photoinhibition under high light. This customizable QD-based methodology overcomes microalgal light limitations, demonstrating a universally applicable approach to improve microalgal cultivation and biochemical component production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Coesel SN. More than a photoreceptor: aureochromes are intrinsic to the diatom light-regulated transcriptional network. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1786-1790. [PMID: 38534187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Im SH, Lepetit B, Mosesso N, Shrestha S, Weiss L, Nymark M, Roellig R, Wilhelm C, Isono E, Kroth PG. 2024. Identification of promoter targets by Aureochrome 1a in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 1834–1851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha N Coesel
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Mariam I, Bettiga M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L, Patel A. Ameliorating microalgal OMEGA production using omics platforms. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00002-5. [PMID: 38350829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the focus on omega (ω)-3 fatty acids from microalgae has intensified due to their diverse health benefits. Bioprocess optimization has notably increased ω-3 fatty acid yields, yet understanding of the genetic architecture and metabolic pathways of high-yielding strains remains limited. Leveraging genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics tools can provide vital system-level insights into native ω-3 fatty acid-producing microalgae, further boosting production. In this review, we explore 'omics' studies uncovering alternative pathways for ω-3 fatty acid synthesis and genome-wide regulation in response to cultivation parameters. We also emphasize potential targets to fine-tune in order to enhance yield. Despite progress, an integrated omics platform is essential to overcome current bottlenecks in optimizing the process for ω-3 fatty acid production from microalgae, advancing this crucial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mariam
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Bettiga
- Department of Life Sciences - LIFE, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Innovation Unit, Italbiotec Srl Società Benefit, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Svenning JB, Vasskog T, Campbell K, Bæverud AH, Myhre TN, Dalheim L, Forgereau ZL, Osanen JE, Hansen EH, Bernstein HC. Lipidome Plasticity Enables Unusual Photosynthetic Flexibility in Arctic vs. Temperate Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:67. [PMID: 38393038 PMCID: PMC10890139 DOI: 10.3390/md22020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diatom lipidome actively regulates photosynthesis and displays a high degree of plasticity in response to a light environment, either directly as structural modifications of thylakoid membranes and protein-pigment complexes, or indirectly via photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess light energy. This acclimation is crucial to maintaining primary production in marine systems, particularly in polar environments, due to the large temporal variations in both the intensity and wavelength distributions of downwelling solar irradiance. This study investigated the hypothesis that Arctic marine diatoms uniquely modify their lipidome, including their concentration and type of pigments, in response to wavelength-specific light quality in their environment. We postulate that Arctic-adapted diatoms can adapt to regulate their lipidome to maintain growth in response to the extreme variability in photosynthetically active radiation. This was tested by comparing the untargeted lipidomic profiles, pigmentation, specific growth rates and carbon assimilation of the Arctic diatom Porosira glacialis vs. the temperate species Coscinodiscus radiatus during exponential growth under red, blue and white light. Here, we found that the chromatic wavelength influenced lipidome remodeling and growth in each strain, with P. glacialis showing effective utilization of red light coupled with increased inclusion of primary light-harvesting pigments and polar lipid classes. These results indicate a unique photoadaptation strategy that enables Arctic diatoms like P. glacialis to capitalize on a wide chromatic growth range and demonstrates the importance of active lipid regulation in the Arctic light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brage Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- SINTEF Nord, Storgata 118, 9008 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Karley Campbell
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Agnethe Hansen Bæverud
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Torbjørn Norberg Myhre
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Zoé Lulu Forgereau
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Janina Emilia Osanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Espen Holst Hansen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy—ARC, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Ye Y, Liu M, Yu L, Sun H, Liu J. Nannochloropsis as an Emerging Algal Chassis for Light-Driven Synthesis of Lipids and High-Value Products. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:54. [PMID: 38393025 PMCID: PMC10890015 DOI: 10.3390/md22020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of the escalating global energy crisis, microalgae have emerged as highly promising producers of biofuel and high-value products. Among these microalgae, Nannochloropsis has received significant attention due to its capacity to generate not only triacylglycerol (TAG) but also eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and valuable carotenoids. Recent advancements in genetic tools and the field of synthetic biology have revolutionized Nannochloropsis into a powerful biofactory. This comprehensive review provides an initial overview of the current state of cultivation and utilization of the Nannochloropsis genus. Subsequently, our review examines the metabolic pathways governing lipids and carotenoids, emphasizing strategies to enhance oil production and optimize carbon flux redirection toward target products. Additionally, we summarize the utilization of advanced genetic manipulation techniques in Nannochloropsis. Together, the insights presented in this review highlight the immense potential of Nannochloropsis as a valuable model for biofuels and synthetic biology. By effectively integrating genetic tools and metabolic engineering, the realization of this potential becomes increasingly feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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8
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Wang M, Ye X, Bi H, Shen Z. Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38254224 PMCID: PMC10804497 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of microalgal biofuels is of significant importance in advancing the energy transition, alleviating food pressure, preserving the natural environment, and addressing climate change. Numerous countries and regions across the globe have conducted extensive research and strategic planning on microalgal bioenergy, investing significant funds and manpower into this field. However, the microalgae biofuel industry has faced a downturn due to the constraints of high costs. In the past decade, with the development of new strains, technologies, and equipment, the feasibility of large-scale production of microalgae biofuel should be re-evaluated. Here, we have gathered research results from the past decade regarding microalgae biofuel production, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges faced by this industry from the perspectives of microalgae selection, modification, and cultivation. In this review, we suggest that highly adaptable microalgae are the preferred choice for large-scale biofuel production, especially strains that can utilize high concentrations of inorganic carbon sources and possess stress resistance. The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae. However, the associated risks have constrained the feasibility of large-scale outdoor cultivation. Therefore, the relatively controllable cultivation method of photobioreactors (PBRs) has made it the mainstream approach for microalgae biofuel production. Moreover, adjusting the performance and parameters of PBRs can also enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. In the future, given the relentless escalation in demand for sustainable energy sources, microalgae biofuels should be deemed a pivotal constituent of national energy planning, particularly in the case of China. The advancement of synthetic biology helps reduce the risks associated with genetically modified (GM) microalgae and enhances the economic viability of their biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hongwen Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhongbao Shen
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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9
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Hemmer S, Siedhoff NE, Werner S, Ölçücü G, Schwaneberg U, Jaeger KE, Davari MD, Krauss U. Machine Learning-Assisted Engineering of Light, Oxygen, Voltage Photoreceptor Adduct Lifetime. JACS AU 2023; 3:3311-3323. [PMID: 38155650 PMCID: PMC10751770 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring and engineered flavin-binding, blue-light-sensing, light, oxygen, voltage (LOV) photoreceptor domains have been used widely to design fluorescent reporters, optogenetic tools, and photosensitizers for the visualization and control of biological processes. In addition, natural LOV photoreceptors with engineered properties were recently employed for optimizing plant biomass production in the framework of a plant-based bioeconomy. Here, the understanding and fine-tuning of LOV photoreceptor (kinetic) properties is instrumental for application. In response to blue-light illumination, LOV domains undergo a cascade of photophysical and photochemical events that yield a transient covalent FMN-cysteine adduct, allowing for signaling. The rate-limiting step of the LOV photocycle is the dark-recovery process, which involves adduct scission and can take between seconds and days. Rational engineering of LOV domains with fine-tuned dark recovery has been challenging due to the lack of a mechanistic model, the long time scale of the process, which hampers atomistic simulations, and a gigantic protein sequence space covering known mutations (combinatorial challenge). To address these issues, we used machine learning (ML) trained on scarce literature data and iteratively generated and implemented experimental data to design LOV variants with faster and slower dark recovery. Over the three prediction-validation cycles, LOV domain variants were successfully predicted, whose adduct-state lifetimes spanned 7 orders of magnitude, yielding optimized tools for synthetic (opto)biology. In summary, our results demonstrate ML as a viable method to guide the design of proteins even with limited experimental data and when no mechanistic model of the underlying physical principles is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hemmer
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
| | - Niklas Erik Siedhoff
- Institute
of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia Werner
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
| | - Gizem Ölçücü
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute
of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
- Institute
of Bio-and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute
of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
- Institute
of Bio-and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich 52426, Germany
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Jeong BR, Jang J, Jin E. Genome engineering via gene editing technologies in microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128701. [PMID: 36746216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized genetic modification with its comparative simplicity and accuracy, and it can be used even at the genomic level. Microalgae are excellent feedstocks for biofuels and nutraceuticals because they contain high levels of fatty acids, carotenoids, and other metabolites; however, genome engineering for microalgae is not yet as developed as for other model organisms. Microalgal engineering at the genetic and metabolic levels is relatively well established, and a few genomic resources are available. Their genomic information was used for a "safe harbor" site for stable transgene expression in microalgae. This review proposes further genome engineering schemes including the construction of sgRNA libraries, pan-genomic and epigenomic resources, and mini-genomes, which can together be developed into synthetic biology for carbon-based engineering in microalgae. Acetyl-CoA is at the center of carbon metabolic pathways and is further reviewed for the production of molecules including terpenoids in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Junhwan Jang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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11
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De Bhowmick G, Guieysse B, Everett DW, Reis MG, Thum C. Novel source of microalgal lipids for infant formula. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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12
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Xu Y. Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Lipid Accumulation in the Microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11500-11509. [PMID: 36083864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oils are among the most important agricultural commodities and have wide applications in food/nutrition, biofuels, and oleochemicals. The oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica can produce large amounts of oils and the high-value ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, which represents a promising resource for oil production targeting biodiesel, nutraceutical, and aquaculture industries. In recent years, with the availability of omics databases and the development of genetic tools, N. oceanica has been extensively investigated as a model photosynthetic organism for studying lipid metabolism and as a green cellular factory to produce lipids for industrial applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the lipid composition and biosynthetic pathways of N. oceanica and reviews the recent advances in metabolic engineering of lipid production in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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Liu M, Ding W, Yu L, Shi Y, Liu J. Functional characterization of carotenogenic genes provides implications into carotenoid biosynthesis and engineering in the marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Hu X, Ye Y. Improving infant formula using algae from the sea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:450-451. [PMID: 35266546 PMCID: PMC9157143 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yajin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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