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Huang R, Wang Z, Wen W, Yao M, Liu H, Li F, Zhang S, Ni D, Chen L. Comprehensive dissection of variation and accumulation of free amino acids in tea accessions. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad263. [PMID: 38304331 PMCID: PMC10833077 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) positively determine the tea quality, notably theanine (Thea), endowing umami taste of tea infusion, which is the profoundly prevalent research in albino tea genetic resources. Therefore, 339 tea accessions were collected to study FAAs level for deciphering its variation and accumulation mechanism. Interestingly, alanine (Ala) and Thea which had the highest diversity index (H') value among three varieties of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze were significantly higher than wild relatives (P < 0.05). The intraspecific arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) contents in C. sinensis var. assamica were significantly lower than sinensis and pubilimba varieties. Moreover, the importance of interdependencies operating across FAAs and chlorophyll levels were highlighted via the cell ultrastructure, metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis. We then determined that the association between phytochrome interacting factor 1 (CsPIF1) identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Thea content. Intriguingly, transient knock-down CsPIF1 expression increased Thea content in tea plant, and the function verification of CsPIF1 in Arabidopsis also indicated that CsPIF1 acts as a negative regulator of Thea content by mainly effecting the genes expression related to Thea biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis, especially glutamate synthase (CsGOGAT), which was validated to be associated with Thea content with a nonsynonymous SNP by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP). We also investigated the interspecific and geographical distribution of this SNP. Taken together, these results help us to understand and clarify the variation and profile of major FAAs in tea germplasms and promote efficient utilization in tea genetic improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingzhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin S, Chen M, Cheng P, Du M, Jia X, Ye J, Wang H. Study on the effect of magnesium on leaf metabolites, growth and quality of tea tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192151. [PMID: 37746019 PMCID: PMC10514580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential elements for the growth of tea trees. In this study, we investigated changes in metabolites, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and quality indexes of tea leaves under different concentrations of magnesium treatment, and the results showed that there were no significant differences in the quantity and total content of metabolites in tea leaves under different Mg concentrations. The results of volcano map analysis showed that the content of 235 metabolites in tea leaves showed an increasing trend and the content of 243 metabolites showed a decreasing trend with the increase of Mg concentration. The results of the combined analysis of the OPLS-DA model and bubble map showed that 45 characteristic metabolites were screened at different concentrations of Mg. Among these, the content of 24 characteristic metabolites showed an increasing trend and 21 characteristic metabolites showed a decreasing trend with the increase of Mg concentrations. The results of KEEG pathway enrichment showed that 24 characteristic metabolites with a upward trend were significantly enriched in saccharides metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and vitamin metabolism, while the 21 characteristic metabolites with a downward trend were enriched in the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of terpenoids, synthesis and metabolism of alkaloids, and synthesis and metabolism of amino acids. It can be inferred that Mg regulation was beneficial to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tea trees, improve the accumulation and metabolism of carbohydrate substances in tea trees, and thus promoted the growth of tea trees, but was not conducive to the synthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids related to tea quality. The results of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and quality indexes of the tea tree confirmed the conclusion predicted by metabolomics. This study provided a reference for regulating of the growth and quality of tea trees with Mg fertilizer in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Meihui Chen
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengru Du
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Tang L, Xiao L, Chen E, Lei X, Ren J, Yang Y, Xiao B, Gong C. Magnesium transporter CsMGT10 of tea plants plays a key role in chlorosis leaf vein greening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107842. [PMID: 37352698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), as the central atom of chlorophyll, is the most abundant divalent cation for plant growth and development in living cells. MRS2/MGT magnesium transporters play important roles in coping with magnesium stress, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism of MGT influencing tea plant leaf vein color remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CsMGT10 may be a potential transporter influencing leaf vein color. CsMGT10 belongs to Clade A member of MRS2/MGT family. CsMGT10 has the highest expression level in leaves of tea plants. And it is mainly expressed in aboveground parts, especially in vascular bundles. Moreover, CsMGT10 localizes to the chloroplast envelope of tea plants with a high affinity to Mg2+. And the GMN motif is required for its magnesium transport function. Ectopic expression of CsMGT10 in Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant var5-1 can restore green color of chlorosis leaf veins, and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid change significantly, proving its essential role in leaf vein greening. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and carotenoid of tea leaves treated with CsMGT10 antisense oligonucleotides also decrease significantly. Our findings indicate that CsMGT10 mainly acts as Mg2+ transporter in chloroplast envelope of leaf veins, which may play a key role in leaf vein greening of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luodan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin S, Chen M, Cheng P, Wang Y, Du M, Jia X, Wang H, Ye J. Effects of Magnesium on Transcriptome and Physicochemical Index of Tea Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091810. [PMID: 37176867 PMCID: PMC10181054 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential elements for the growth of tea tree and is extremely important for its development. In this study, we investigated the effect of Mg on the transcriptome and physicochemical indexes of tea leaves, and the results showed that Mg could significantly affect the gene expression of tea leaves. The results of Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model analysis showed that a total of 300 key genes (Variable Importance for the Projection, VIP > 1) were screened under different concentrations of Mg treatment, among which 140 genes were up-regulated and 160 genes were down-regulated. The bubble map was used to screen the characteristic genes from the above key genes, and a total of 121 representative characteristic genes were obtained, mainly involving 9 metabolic pathways. Among them, gene expression of three metabolic pathways, including porphyrin metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and photosynthesis, showed an increasing trend with the increase of Mg concentration, while gene expression of four metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, anthocyanin biosynthesis, ABC transporters, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, showed a decreasing trend. The results of physiological index analysis showed that with the increase of Mg concentration, the photosynthetic physiological index, theanine and soluble sugar content of tea leaves showed an increasing trend, while the content of tea polyphenol, flavone and caffeine showed a decreasing trend. The results of TOPSIS analysis showed that the physiological indexes of tea trees most affected by Mg were chlorophyll, tea polyphenols and flavonoids, while the metabolic pathways most affected by Mg on gene expression were the metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. It can be seen that the effects of Mg on tea tree were mainly related to photosynthesis and synthesis of secondary metabolites, and Mg was beneficial for improving the photosynthetic capacity of tea tree, enhancing the accumulation of primary metabolites, and thus increasing tea yield. However, Mg was not conducive to the synthesis of secondary metabolites of tea tree and the accumulation of main quality indexes of tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Meihui Chen
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengru Du
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
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