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Florkowski MR, Yorzinski JL. Dopamine receptor activation elicits a possible stress-related coping behavior in a wild-caught songbird. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13520. [PMID: 35795178 PMCID: PMC9252180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals experience stress throughout their lives and exhibit both physiological and behavioral responses to cope with it. The stress response can become harmful when prolonged and increasing evidence suggests that dopamine plays a critical role in extinguishing the stress response. In particular, activation of the D2 dopamine receptor reduces glucocorticoids and increases coping behavior, i.e., behavioral responses to adverse stimuli that reduce the harmful effects of stress. However, few studies have examined the effects of dopamine on the stress responses of wild species. We therefore tested the hypothesis that activation of the D2 dopamine receptor influences coping-like behavior in a wild-caught species. We recorded behavior of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) before and after they received injections of D2 dopamine agonists, D2 dopamine antagonists, or saline. House sparrows are common in urban environments and understanding how they cope with stress may help us better understand how animals cope with urban stressors. We found that the birds significantly increased biting of inanimate objects after the agonist but there was no change following the antagonist or saline. The biting of inanimate objects may be a mechanism of behavioral coping. This change in biting behavior was not correlated with general movement. This study supports the hypothesis that D2 dopamine receptor activation is involved in the regulation of the stress response in a wild bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Florkowski
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jessica L. Yorzinski
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Fu Y, Hu J, Erasmus MA, Johnson TA, Cheng HW. Effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation from divergently selected inbred chicken lines on growth, gut serotonin, and immune parameters in recipient chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101925. [PMID: 35613492 PMCID: PMC9130533 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that fecal microbiota transplantation exerts beneficial effects on modulating stress-related inflammation and gastrointestinal health of the host. The aim of this study was to examine if cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) presents similar efficiency in improving the health status of egg-laying strain chickens. Chicken lines 63 and 72 divergently selected for resistance or susceptibility to Marek's disease were used as CMT donors. Eighty-four d-old male recipient chicks (a commercial DeKalb XL layer strain) were randomly assigned into 3 treatments with 7 replicates per treatment and 4 birds per replicate (n = 7): saline (control, CTRL), cecal solution of line 63 (63-CMT), and cecal solution of line 72 (72-CMT) for a 16-wk trial. Cecal transplant gavage was conducted once daily from d 1 to d 10, then boosted once weekly from wk 3 to wk 5. The results indicated that 72-CMT birds had the highest body weight and ileal villus/crypt ratio among the treatments at wk 5 (P ≤ 0.05); and higher heterophil/lymphocyte ratios than that of 63-CMT birds at wk 16 (P < 0.05). 72-CMT birds also had higher levels of plasma natural IgG and Interleukin (IL)-6 at wk 16, while 63-CMT birds had higher concentrations of ileal mucosal secretory IgA at wk 5 and plasma IL-10 at wk 16 (P < 0.05), with a tendency for lower mRNA abundance of splenic IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at wk 16 (P = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). In addition, 72-CMT birds tended to have the lowest serotonin concentrations (P = 0.07) with the highest serotonin turnover in the ileum at wk 5 (P < 0.05). There were no treatment effects on the levels of plasma corticosterone and testosterone at wk 16 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, early postnatal CMT from different donors led to different patterns of growth and health status through the regulation of ileal morphological structures, gut-derived serotonergic activities, peripheral cytokines, and antibody production in recipient chickens.
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García J, Fondevila G, Cámara L, Scappaticcio RE, Aguirre L, Mateos GG. Influence of egg weight and inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on digestive tract traits and growth performance of brown pullets reared under stress conditions. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5767-5777. [PMID: 31287890 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of pre-hatch egg weight (EW) and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and growth performance of pullets reared under stress conditions early in life. There were 14 treatments organized as a 7 × 2 factorial with 7 EW groups (47.0 to 54.0 g differing in 1 g between groups) and 2 inclusion levels of OH in the diet (0 vs. 3%). The pullets were reared under a series of stresses early in life (no access to feed for extended time post-hatching, reduced accessibility to feed and water at arrival to the farm, reduced ambient temperature at night, low light intensity, and hot-blade beak trimming at 18 D of age). Feed intake, BW gain, and FCR were measured by period (0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 16 wk of age) and cumulatively. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with EW and OH inclusion as main effects. In addition, EW effect was partitioned into linear and quadratic components. The stress conditions applied affected similarly the growth and GIT development of the pullets, independent of EW. An increase in EW increased BW at hatch and at 5 wk of age linearly (P < 0.05), but no effects were detected thereafter. Oat hulls inclusion increased ADFI and impaired FCR (P < 0.05) from 0 to 5 wk of age but did not affect energy efficiency at any age. At 5 wk of age, the relative weight (% BW) of the GIT decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increases in EW and increased with OH inclusion (P < 0.05). Oat hulls inclusion increased the relative weight of the gizzard at all ages (P < 0.01). In conclusion, egg weight did not affect pullet growth from hatch to 16 wk of age. Independent of the initial BW of the pullets, OH inclusion improved gizzard development at all ages without affecting growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J García
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Camar Agroalimentaria, S. L., 45212, Lominchar, Toledo, Spain
| | - G Fondevila
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Cámara
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Aguirre
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Beauclercq S, Lefèvre A, Montigny F, Collin A, Tesseraud S, Leterrier C, Emond P, Guilloteau LA. A multiplatform metabolomic approach to characterize fecal signatures of negative postnatal events in chicks: a pilot study. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 31007908 PMCID: PMC6454711 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative experiences in early life can induce long-lasting effects on the welfare, health, and performance of farm animals. A delayed placement of chicks in rearing houses has negative effects on their performance, and results in fecal-specific odors detectable by rats. Based on this observation, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites from the feces of 12-day-old chickens were screened for early markers of response to negative events using gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-HRMS). Results The low reproducibility of solid-phase micro-extraction of the VOCs followed by GC-MS was not suitable for marker discovery, in contrast to liquid extraction of metabolites from freeze-dried feces followed by GC-MS or LC-HRMS analysis. Therefore, the fecal metabolome from 12-day-old chicks having experienced a normal or delayed placement were recorded by GC-MS and LC-HRMS in two genotypes from two experiments. From both experiments, 25 and 35 metabolites, respectively explaining 81% and 45% of the difference between delayed and control chickens, were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis from LC-HRMS and GC-MS profiling. Conclusion The sets of molecules identified will be useful to better understand the chicks’ response to negative events over time and will contribute to define stress or welfare biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0335-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Lefèvre
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Montigny
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France
| | - Anne Collin
- 1BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- 2Université de Tours, PST Analyse des systèmes biologiques, Tours, France.,4UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,5CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
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Mackie N, McKeegan DE. Behavioural responses of broiler chickens during low atmospheric pressure stunning. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Najafi P, Zulkifli I, Soleimani A, Kashiani P. The effect of different degrees of feed restriction on heat shock protein 70, acute phase proteins, and other blood parameters in female broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2322-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Muir WM, Cheng HW, Croney C. Methods to address poultry robustness and welfare issues through breeding and associated ethical considerations. Front Genet 2014; 5:407. [PMID: 25505483 PMCID: PMC4244538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As consumers and society in general become more aware of ethical and moral dilemmas associated with intensive rearing systems, pressure is put on the animal and poultry industries to adopt alternative forms of housing. This presents challenges especially regarding managing competitive social interactions between animals. However, selective breeding programs are rapidly advancing, enhanced by both genomics and new quantitative genetic theory that offer potential solutions by improving adaptation of the bird to existing and proposed production environments. The outcomes of adaptation could lead to improvement of animal welfare by increasing fitness of the animal for the given environments, which might lead to increased contentment and decreased distress of birds in those systems. Genomic selection, based on dense genetic markers, will allow for more rapid improvement of traits that are expensive or difficult to measure, or have a low heritability, such as pecking, cannibalism, robustness, mortality, leg score, bone strength, disease resistance, and thus has the potential to address many poultry welfare concerns. Recently selection programs to include social effects, known as associative or indirect genetic effects (IGEs), have received much attention. Group, kin, multi-level, and multi-trait selection including IGEs have all been shown to be highly effective in reducing mortality while increasing productivity of poultry layers and reduce or eliminate the need for beak trimming. Multi-level selection was shown to increases robustness as indicated by the greater ability of birds to cope with stressors. Kin selection has been shown to be easy to implement and improve both productivity and animal well-being. Management practices and rearing conditions employed for domestic animal production will continue to change based on ethical and scientific results. However, the animal breeding tools necessary to provide an animal that is best adapted to these changing conditions are readily available and should be used, which will ultimately lead to the best possible outcomes for all impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Muir
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Candace Croney
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kops MS, de Haas EN, Rodenburg TB, Ellen ED, Korte-Bouws GA, Olivier B, Güntürkün O, Korte SM, Bolhuis JE. Selection for low mortality in laying hens affects catecholamine levels in the arcopallium, a brain area involved in fear and motor regulation. Behav Brain Res 2013; 257:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Felver-Gant JN, Mack LA, Dennis RL, Eicher SD, Cheng HW. Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1542-51. [PMID: 22700497 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a major problem experienced by the poultry industry during high-temperature conditions. The ability to manage the detrimental effects of HS can be attributed to multiple factors, including genetic background of flocks. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic variation in HS effects on laying hens' physiological homeostasis. Ninety 28-wk-old White Leghorn hens of 2 strains were used: a commercial line of individually selected hens for high egg production, DeKalb XL (DXL), and a line of group-selected hens for high productivity and survivability, named kind gentle bird (KGB). Hens were randomly paired by strain and assigned to hot or control treatment for 14 d. Physical and physiological parameters were analyzed at d 8 and 14 posttreatment. Compared with controls, HS increased hen's core body temperature (P < 0.05) and decreased BW (P < 0.05) at d 8 and 14. Heat shock protein 70 concentrations in the liver were greater in hens exposed to HS (P < 0.05). Compared with DXL hens, KGB hens had higher heat shock protein 70 concentrations (P < 0.05). The hens' liver weight decreased following HS, with less of a response in the KGB line (P < 0.05). The data indicate HS has detrimental effects on the physiology of laying hens due to genetic variations. These data provide evidence that is valuable for determining genetic interventions for laying hens under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Felver-Gant
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Dufour BD, Adeola O, Cheng HW, Donkin SS, Klein JD, Pajor EA, Garner JP. Nutritional up-regulation of serotonin paradoxically induces compulsive behavior. Nutr Neurosci 2010; 13:256-64. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pohle K, Cheng HW. Comparative effects of furnished and battery cages on egg production and physiological parameters in White Leghorn hens. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2042-51. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cheng HW, Fahey A. Effects of group size and repeated social disruption on the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in two genetic lines of White Leghorn laying hens. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2018-25. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Carlsson HE, Royo F, Faheem S, Tufvesson M, Hau J. Separation of pair housed roosters is associated with transient increased corticosteroid excretion. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:183-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fahey A, Cheng H. Group Size and Density Effects on Physical Indices and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Two Genetic Lines of White Leghorn Layers. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2500-4. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Downing J, Bryden W. Determination of corticosterone concentrations in egg albumen: A non-invasive indicator of stress in laying hens. Physiol Behav 2008; 95:381-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dennis RL, Muir WM, Cheng HW. Effects of raclopride on aggression and stress in diversely selected chicken lines. Behav Brain Res 2006; 175:104-11. [PMID: 16978715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic selection for chickens of high (HGPS) and low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability, resulted in two distinct genetic lines characterized by differences in cannibalism, flightiness, and immunocompetence. Additionally, birds exhibited differences in behaviour and social stress coping strategy. HGPS birds have a superior stress coping strategy compared with birds of LGPS or Dekalb XL (DXL), a commercial strain. Line differences in stress response and behaviour could be due to selection-induced differences in expression of the dopaminergic system. The dopamine (D2) receptor, an integral part of the dopaminergic system, was hypothesized to be a key contributory factor of the stress response. We tested this hypothesis by injecting either a D2 antagonist (raclopride) or saline in the dominant individual in pair-housed birds for 10 days and examining stress coping ability. Results showed that dominant birds of all strains showed a reduced frequency of aggressive pecks on subordinates following raclopride injection. In contrast, subordinates paired with raclopride-injected birds increased pecking frequency. Two days after stopping injections, LGPS and DXL birds returned to pre-injection levels of aggressive threats, while HGPS birds maintained depressed frequency of threats. Strain differences in aggressive responsiveness coincided with increased epinephrine levels in raclopride treated LGPS birds relative to control LGPS birds, but not by HGPS and DXL birds. Our findings suggest a functional linkage between the genetic basis of stress coping ability and the dopamine regulation of aggressive responsiveness. The data further indicate that the sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis is directly involved in regulating both stress coping strategy and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dennis
- Livestock Behaviour Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University, Animal Science Department, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Cheng HW, Freire R, Pajor EA. Endotoxin stress responses in chickens from different genetic lines. 1. Sickness, behavioral, and physical responses. Poult Sci 2004; 83:707-15. [PMID: 15141826 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.5.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was studied in chicken lines divergently selected for high (HGPS) and low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability resulting from cannibalism and flightiness in colony cages and in a Dekalb XL (DXL) commercial line. Six-week-old chicks were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups and were injected intravenously with Escherichia coli LPS (5 mg/kg of BW) or distilled saline (control). Sickness responses were measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h following injection (n = 10 at each point in time for each line). Although LPS induced widespread sickness symptoms in all of the treated chicks, the reactions were in a genotypic- and phenotypic-specific manner. Compared with LGPS and DXL chicks, HGPS chicks had acute, transient behavioral and physical changes with less effect on BW gain, organ development, and core temperature, which were in the order HGPS < DXL < LGPS. The effects of heritable factors and LPS challenge on the differential responses among the present lines may reflect each line's unique adaptability to stress and resistance to infection and inflammation. The results suggested that the present chicken lines may provide a valuable animal model for investigating the effects of genetic-environmental interactions on the behavioral and physiological homeostasis in response to stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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