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Antony J, Brar R, Khan PA, Ghassemi M, Nincic V, Sharpe JP, Straus SE, Tricco AC. Interventions for the prevention and management of occupational stress injury in first responders: a rapid overview of reviews. Syst Rev 2020; 9:121. [PMID: 32475353 PMCID: PMC7262749 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First responders are a high-risk population for occupational stress injuries as they often encounter prolonged stress within their line of work. The aim of this rapid overview of reviews is to summarize existing evidence on interventions for the prevention and management of occupational stress injury (OSI) in first responders. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews examining the impact of prevention, rehabilitation, and resilience-building strategies targeting frontline community safety personnel in February 2019. Pairs of reviewers screened titles and abstracts followed by full-text articles and conducted data abstraction and quality appraisal using the AMSTAR II tool. To ensure a rapid overview process, the search strategy was limited to the last 10 years, quality appraisal of reviews and abstraction of study-level data was completed by one person and verified by another, and the quality of the individual primary studies was not appraised. The findings were summarized descriptively. RESULTS A total of 14 reviews with 47 unique primary studies were found after screening 1393 records. A majority of studies targeted OSI in police officers (78.7%), followed by firefighters (17%) and correctional officers (4.3%). Of the 47 included primary studies, 24 targeted prevention of OSI (i.e., resilience training, stress management, suicide prevention, and other health promotions) and 23 targeted rehabilitation (i.e., drug therapy, psychotherapy, and other therapies). Prevention strategies including resilience training programs had positive outcomes, while suicide prevention and psychotherapy interventions reported mixed results. CONCLUSIONS Some promising interventions targeting the prevention and rehabilitation of OSI among police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers were identified in the included studies, and these results will serve as a basis for the development of evidence-based strategies to mitigate future risks in this population. However, several gaps were also identified in this area that will require further investigation prior to widespread implementation of effective interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019125945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Antony
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Raman Brar
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Paul A. Khan
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Marco Ghassemi
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Vera Nincic
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Jane P. Sharpe
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
| | - Sharon E. Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea C. Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, East Building, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1 W8 Canada
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Institute for Health, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Moral-Munoz JA, Arroyo-Morales M, Herrera-Viedma E, Cobo MJ. An Overview of Thematic Evolution of Physical Therapy Research Area From 1951 to 2013. Front Res Metr Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/frma.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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MacMillan F, Karamacoska D, El Masri A, McBride KA, Steiner GZ, Cook A, Kolt GS, Klupp N, George ES. A systematic review of health promotion intervention studies in the police force: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:913-923. [PMID: 29066612 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To systematically review studies of health promotion intervention in the police force. Four databases were searched for articles reporting on prepost single and multigroup studies in police officers and trainees. Data were extracted and bias assessed to evaluate study characteristics, intervention design and the impact of interventions on health. Database searching identified 25 articles reporting on 21 studies relevant to the aims of this review. Few studies (n=3) were of long duration (≥6 months). Nine of 21 studies evaluated structured physical activity and/or diet programmes only, 5 studies used education and behaviour change support-only interventions, 5 combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support, and 2 studies used computer prompts to minimise sedentary behaviour. A wide array of lifestyle behaviour and health outcomes was measured, with 11/13 multigroup and 8/8 single-group studies reporting beneficial impacts on outcomes. High risk of bias was evident across most studies. In those with the lowest risk of bias (n=2), a large effect on blood pressure and small effects on diet, sleep quality, stress and tobacco use, were reported. Health promotion interventions can impact beneficially on health of the police force, particularly blood pressure, diet, sleep, stress and tobacco use. Limited reporting made comparison of findings challenging. Combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support and programmes including peer support resulted in the most impact on health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z Steiner
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NICM, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amelia Cook
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nerida Klupp
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Peñalba V, McGuire H, Leite JR. Psychosocial interventions for prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD005601. [PMID: 18646132 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005601.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial interventions are widely used for the prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of psychological disorders in law enforcement officers. SEARCH STRATEGY CCDANCTR-References was searched on 12/5/2008, electronic databases were searched, reference lists of review articles and included studies were checked, a specialist journal was handsearched, specialist books were checked and we contacted experts and trialists. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi randomised controlled trials were eligible. The types of participants were people employed directly in law enforcement, including police officers and military police, regardless of gender, age and country of origin, and whether or not they had experienced some psychological trauma. All types of psychosocial intervention were eligible. The relevant outcome measures were psychological symptoms, adverse events and acceptability of interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data was entered into Review Manager 4.2 for analysis, but this review was converted to RevMan 5.0 for publication. Quality assessments were performed. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of studies. Summary effects were to be calculated using RevMan but no meta-analyses were possible. For individual studies, dichotomous outcome data are presented using relative risk, and continuous outcome data are presented using the weighted mean difference. These results are given with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Ten studies were included in the review but only five reported data that could be used. Three of the ten studies were related to exercise-based psychological interventions. Seven were related to psychological interventions. No meta-analyses were possible due to diversity of participants, interventions and outcomes. Two studies compared a psychosocial intervention versus another intervention. Three studies compared a psychosocial intervention to a control group. Only one primary prevention trial reported data for the primary outcomes and, although this study found a significant difference in depression in favour of the intervention at endpoint, this difference was no longer evident at 18 months. No studies of primary prevention comparing different interventions and reporting primary outcomes of interest were identified. The methodological quality of the included studies was summarised. No study met our full quality criteria and one was regarded as low-quality. The remainder could not be rated because of incomplete data in the published reports and inadequate responses from the trialists. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence only from individual small and low quality trials with minimal data suggesting that police officers benefit from psychosocial interventions, in terms of physical symptoms and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, cynicism, anger, PTSD, marital problems and distress. No data on adverse effects were available. Meta-analyses of the available data were not possible. Further well-designed trials of psychosocial interventions are required. Research is needed on organization-based interventions to enhance psychological health among police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Peñalba
- Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleao de Barros 925 1st floor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Hausenblas
- a Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology , College of Health and Human Performance , University of Florida , USA
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Kennedy C, Devoe D, Skov J, Short-Degraff M. Attitudinal changes toward exercise in mexican american women. Occup Ther Health Care 1998; 11:17-28. [PMID: 23948043 DOI: 10.1080/j003v11n03_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental study was designed to examine the attitude changes and exercise adherence of a group of sedentary minority women. METHOD Fifty sedentary Mexican American women participated in a 9-month, biweekly education and exercise program that was preceded by a 6-month program initiation composed of weekly interactions to facilitate trust between participants and researchers. RESULTS Compared to Mexican American and Caucasian control groups, the experimental participants displayed significant changes in scores on the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scales (EBBS) at three, six, and nine months. Adherence to the physical activity program was 84%. At pre-test, the Mexican American participants and controls displayed significantly lower EBBS scores than the Caucasian controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are examined in light of existing reports on the facilitation of attitudes toward exercise, exercise adherence and health promotion particularly in regard to understanding the barriers to physical activity for minorities. The findings of this study are particularly important given the paucity of research about health promotion for individuals who belong to minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kennedy
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Occupational Therapy & Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University
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Guest RS, Klose KJ, Needham-Shropshire BM, Jacobs PL. Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78:804-7. [PMID: 9344297 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia who participated in an electrical stimulation walking program experienced changes in measures of physical self-concept and depression. DESIGN Before-after trial. SETTING Human SCI applied research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of 12 men and 3 women with SCI paraplegia, mean age 28.75 +/- 6.6yrs and mean duration of injury 3.8 +/- 3.2yrs. INTERVENTION Thirty-two FNS ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep 1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping. OUTCOME MEASURES The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered before and after training. Only the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS was analyzed. After training, individual interviews were performed to assess participants' subjective reactions to the training program. RESULTS A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that desired directional and statistically significant changes occurred on the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS (F(1,14) = 8.54, p < .011) and on the BDI (F(1,14) = 5.42, p < .035). CONCLUSIONS Subsequent to the ambulation training program there were statistically significant increases in physical self-concept scores and decreases in depression scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Guest
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
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Minor MA, Brown JD. Exercise maintenance of persons with arthritis after participation in a class experience. HEALTH EDUCATION QUARTERLY 1993; 20:83-95. [PMID: 8444627 DOI: 10.1177/109019819302000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated factors related to an initial exercise experience to explain exercise maintenance in 120 adults with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Integral secondary analysis was used to incorporate data from a prospective, controlled trial of exercise (Minor et al.: Arthritis Rheum 32:1396, 1989) with data collected at 18 months follow-up. The dependent variable was self-directed exercise (min/wk) reported at 3, 9, and 18 or more months after exercise class participation. Predictor variables included physical, psychosocial, disease, and programmatic factors. The all possible regressions search procedure resulted in three explanatory models (p = .0001). At 3 months the model (R2 = .45) included initial aerobic capacity, depression, and anxiety; and changes in depression and social activity. The 9-month model (R2 = .35) consisted of initial anxiety and physical activity, change in depression, support of friends for exercise, and exercise behavior at prior assessment. At 18 or more months (R2 = .42), model variables were initial aerobic capacity, change in pain, and exercise behavior at the two prior assessments. Neither disease nor program factors appeared as significant. This limited study indicates that factors associated with exercise behavior in this sample are similar to those in the general population; explanatory factors change over time, and changes ascribed to a trial behavior may influence subsequent decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Minor
- Arthritis Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, University of Missouri, Columbia
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Short-Degraff MA, Healey SM. Exercise and activity in the promotion of health. Occup Ther Health Care 1989; 5:69-85. [PMID: 23931005 DOI: 10.1080/j003v05n04_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current trends indicate increases in the numbers of Americans participating in exercise and conditioning programs. These numbers are coupled with simultaneous interest by practitioners and researchers in the potential benefits associated with exercise as well as with activity participation to restore or promote general health. This annotated bibliography includes a number of revlews as well as efficacy studies exploring the potential benefits of exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, on physical and mental health. These references are provided as a resource for therapists to become aware of the present status of exercise-related research as well as the nature of exercise and activity programs being developed and explored in practice today.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Short-Degraff
- Research Associate, Assistant Professor, Center For Child Study, Psychology, Skidmore College
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Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to assess the physical fitness status of physical therapy students. Fifty female students, enrolled as juniors in a physical therapy program of a private women's college, served as subjects. The students' body fat composition, low-backlhamstring flexibility, aerobic capacity (V02 ,. j, trunk muscular endurance, static and dynamic (isotonic) muscular strength were determined. All the tests were administered using standardized procedure. On the average, the subjects were 2 1.1 f 1.7 years old, 65.3 + 0.8 inches tall, weighed 60.1 + 0.9 kg, had 26.2 f 0.8% body fat, and had a predicted VOn, of 2.28 f 0.06 L . min-'. The low-backlhamstring flexibility and trunk muscular endurance were 36.8 + 1.1 cm and 26.4 f 0.9 repetitions, respectively. The static grip strength of the right hand was significantly (p c 0.05) greater than the left hand. The dynamic strength of the arm flexors and knee flexors on the ipsilateral side were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The knee flexors were weaker (p < 0.01) than the knee extensors. Results of the investigation revealed that the students' physical fitness compares well but is not superior to the norms reported previously for female physical therapy students and female college students of the same age. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;8(11):525-532.
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Sheehan G. running wild. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 1985; 13:36. [PMID: 27422179 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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