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Dudley-Javoroski S, Cooper CS, Jackson JB, Zorn A, Carter KD, Shields RK. Tolerance for Ambiguity: Correlations With Medical and Physical Therapy Student Traits and Experiences Within the Learning Environment. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:644-653. [PMID: 38232084 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Health care professions trainees and clinicians who perceive ambiguous situations as sources of threat (low tolerance for ambiguity [TFA]) experience greater risk for mental health disorders and professional burnout. Physical therapists likely encounter substantial ambiguity because of the biopsychosocial nature of their main therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify student traits and experiences within the learning environment that differentiate students with high and low TFA for medicine and physical therapy (PT), and to identify areas of interprofessional overlap and distinction. METHOD Graduation Questionnaire survey data from graduating PT (n = 2,727) and medical students (n = 33,159) from the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years were sorted according to student TFA score, and respondents in the highest and lowest TFA quartiles were retained for analysis. Difference-in-differences analysis was used to reduce the number of potential explanatory factors to a parimonious subset that was put into linear regression models. Inferential statistics were applied to all significant factors identified from the linear regression models. RESULTS For both professions, higher TFA was generally associated with more positive ratings of the learning environment (student-faculty interactions, faculty professionalism, satisfaction with career choice), lower experiences of exhaustion and disengagement (the 2 axes of academic burnout), and higher scores for the empathy domain of perspective taking. Uniquely for medical students, low TFA was associated with lower empathy scores and a lower degree of interest in working with underserved individuals. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that for both professions, high TFA corresponded with better ratings of the educational experience and with traits that are advantageous for patient-centered practice and occupational resilience. Interventions to cultivate TFA among health care trainees may be an important way to meet the growing demand for humanistic health care professionals who are prepared to meet society's complex needs.
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Petrie MA, Dudley-Javoroski S, Johnson KA, Lee J, Dubey O, Shields RK. Low-frequency electrically induced exercise after spinal cord injury: Physiologic challenge to skeletal muscle and feasibility for long-term use. J Spinal Cord Med 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38619192 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2024.2338295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle has traditionally been considered a "force generator": necessary for purposes of locomotion, but expendable for non-ambulators who use wheelchairs, such as people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Active skeletal muscle plays an indispensable role in regulating systemic metabolic functions, even in people with paralysis, but because of severe osteoporosis, high tetanic muscle forces induced with high frequency electrical stimulation may be risky for some individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiologic muscle properties incurred by two low force/low frequency repetitive stimulation protocols (1 and 3 Hz); and, to assess the acceptability of each protocol among people with SCI. METHODS Ten individuals with chronic SCI (12.9 years) and 11 individuals without SCI (NonSCI) participated in the study. Participants received either 1 or 3 Hz stimulation to the quadriceps muscle on Day 1, then the converse on Day 2. Each session consisted of 1000 stimulus pulses. RESULTS The initial and maximum forces were similar for the 1 and 3 Hz frequencies. The fatigue index (FI) for SCI and NonSCI groups were lower (P < 0.007) for 3 Hz than for 1 Hz (0.34 ± 0.17 versus 0.65 ± 0.16 and 0.72 ± 0.14 versus 0.87 ± 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION The 3 Hz stimulation offered the greatest physiological challenge and was perceived as more acceptable for long term use among people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kristin A Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinhyun Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Olga Dubey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Cotton RJ, Segal Rick RL, Seamon BA, Sahu A, McLeod MM, Davis RD, Ramey SL, French MA, Roemmich RT, Daley K, Beier M, Penttinen S, Raghavan P, Searson P, Wegener S, Celnik P. Precision Rehabilitation: Optimizing Function, Adding Value to Health Care. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:1883-1884. [PMID: 35690092 PMCID: PMC9979846 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R James Cotton
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard L Segal Rick
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; NIH/NICHD/NCMRR Medical Rehabilitation Research Resource Network National Coordinating Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bryant A Seamon
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle M McLeod
- National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation (NC NM4R), Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Randal D Davis
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sharon Landesman Ramey
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia; VTC School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Margaret A French
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan T Roemmich
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Daley
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meghan Beier
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sharon Penttinen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Searson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen Wegener
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Celnik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Center for Movement Studies, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute of Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK. Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy Using the PT-GQ Survey: Wave 2 Update With Application to Accreditation Reporting. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6590580. [PMID: 35607945 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Benchmarking in Academic Physical Therapy study uses the Physical Therapist-Graduation Questionnaire (PT-GQ) survey to develop comprehensive performance benchmarks for physical therapist education. These benchmarks facilitate interprofessional comparisons and have application to accreditation self-study reporting. The purpose of this study is to report updated benchmarks from enrollment Wave 2 of the study, with an emphasis on curricular areas that align with accreditation standards. METHODS Seventy doctor of physical therapy (DPT) programs (26.5% national sample) administered the survey to graduates during 2020-2021. Where possible, respondent data were contextualized by statistical comparison with published medical student data (Welch t test, Hedges g). RESULTS There were 1894 respondents who participated in the study (response rate: 63.9%). The average survey duration was 32.9 minutes. White-only, non-Hispanic/Latino/a/x individuals (78.8%) exceeded the 2020 US Census prevalence (60.1%), and only one-half of respondents perceived a benefit to their training from the diversity present in their programs. Over 94% of respondents indicated that their curricula were characterized by "problem solving/critical thinking" and "clinical reasoning," but nearly one-half indicated "busywork" was prevalent. High curricular satisfaction ratings clustered in content areas relating to profession-specific technical skills and low ratings clustered in foundational sciences. DPT respondents reported significantly lower tolerance for ambiguity, significantly more exhaustion, and significantly less disengagement than medical students. Respondents endorsed higher levels of "adaptive" perfectionism (striving for high performance) than "maladaptive" perfectionism (concern over negative evaluations). Respondents with loans (27.7%) had debt exceeding $150,000, the benchmark above which the DPT degree loses economic power. CONCLUSION PT-GQ benchmarks revealed strengths (eg, curricula emphasizing problem solving/critical thinking and clinical reasoning) and challenges (eg, low diversity, problematic student debt) in physical therapist education. IMPACT Programs can use benchmarking for quality-improvement efforts and as a data source for accreditation self-study reports. The ongoing study will refine national benchmarks and pilot items to address new research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Magnusson DM, Rethorn ZD. Strengthening Population Health Perspectives in Physical Therapist Practice Using Epigenetics. Phys Ther 2022; 102:pzab244. [PMID: 34718792 PMCID: PMC8754380 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Health starts where we live, learn, work, and play. Population health represents a unifying paradigm for understanding systematic variations in health and related factors, informing integrated action, and reducing health disparities. The pathways connecting social, environmental, and structural factors and various health outcomes have been illuminated by the emergence of epigenetic and epigenomic research, further bolstering the value of population health perspectives in supporting clinical practice, community-based programs, and societal policies. The purpose of this perspective is to consider the placement of epigenetic and epigenomic insights within a population health framework to strengthen the physical therapy profession's understanding of variations in health, inform integrated action, and further justify our role in reducing health-related disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Magnusson
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary D Rethorn
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, VA Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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