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Tzeng WC, Su PY, Yeh SH, Chang TW, Lin CH, Feng HP. Nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare for individuals with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:199-211. [PMID: 36184847 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) continues to increase among patients with mental illness. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare to patients with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease. In total, 369 nurses working in mental health were assessed for the physical healthcare attitudes and practices using the Physical Health Attitude Scale for Mental Health Nurses. The results of generalized linear modelling indicated that nurses' involvement in physical healthcare was associated with psychiatric mental health nurse credentials (B = 1.560, 95% CI = 0.292-2.828, P = 0.016) and their confidence in delivering physical healthcare was associated with prior physical healthcare training (B = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.104-1.174, P = 0.019). In addition, the frequency with which the nurses engaged in physical healthcare practices was associated with working in a community unit (B = -7.416, 95% CI = -9.652 to -5.180, P < 0.001), involvement in physical healthcare (B = 0.349, 95% CI = 0.162-0.535, P < 0.001), and confidence in delivering physical healthcare (B = 1.148, 95% CI = 0.776-1.519, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that interventions aiming to help nurses assess and improve their own physical healthcare practices should consider nurses' background and patients' physical health needs in various settings and focus on cultivating an organizational culture that gives nurses confidence in providing physical healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chii Tzeng
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Su
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Wei Chang
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Zuoying Branch, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Feng
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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Kuitunen-Paul S, Rustler C, Lochbühler K, Teichmann M, Mühlig S, Rüther T, Roessner V, Smolka MN, Rabenstein A. [Non-smoker protection and tobacco cessation]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 51:19-27. [PMID: 35502525 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-smoker protection and tobacco cessation Abstract. Objective: Whereas, on the one hand, employees in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions (CAP) have to enforce smoking bans among patients, on the other hand, they have a high likelihood of being smokers themselves. Little data are available on the enforcement of smoking regulations and what cessation support is offered by CAP institutions. Method: In an online survey, n = 78 senior staff members or directors of German CAP institutions (41.9 % of all addressed CAP institutions) responded to questions on smoking regulations, exceptions, and cessation support for employees. Results: The enforcement of comprehensive smoking bans is rarely reported (<20 % of CAP institutions). Employees are exempted or allowed to smoke mostly outside of the building (e. g., in designated smoking areas: 69-78 % depending on ward type). Cessation support was offered by less than half of the CAP institutions (47%). Conclusions: The data presented point toward future areas for tobacco control in CAP care, including transparent regulations, staff training, and dissemination of support for occupational smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.,Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Deutschland
| | - Christa Rustler
- Deutsches Netz Rauchfreier Krankenhäuser & Gesundheitseinrichtungen (DNRfK e. V.), Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Marko Teichmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Mühlig
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
| | - Veit Roessner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
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Cerci D. Attitudes of staff towards smoke-free environments in psychiatric hospitals in Germany. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 36118555 PMCID: PMC9443077 DOI: 10.18332/tid/152252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoke-free environments have already been successfully introduced in hospitals world-wide. But despite convincing evidence of their success, many countries still struggle to make the necessary changes. Not only is the smoking prevalence higher amongst people with mental health problems and staff working in psychiatric units, but employees in psychiatry often resist the implementation of smoke-free policies. This study explores staff attitudes towards smoke-free environments in psychiatric hospitals in Germany and tries to identify barriers and opportunities for implementation. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey was carried out at eight psychiatric units of the state-owned healthcare company Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH in Berlin, Germany, in 2019. A total of 448 members of staff were surveyed on their views towards creating a smoke-free environment in their workplace. RESULTS Psychiatric staff present contradictory attitudes towards implementing smoke-free regulations. On the one hand, a majority recognizes the need for smoke-free environments as they promote physical well-being of staff and patients. On the other hand, a majority opposes comprehensive restrictions like a complete smoking ban. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to resist restrictive measures and show a tendency to only support those measures which they deem unlikely to affect their own smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS The contradictory attitudes towards implementing smoke-free regulations present an entry point to elicit behavior change and a shift in attitudes, for example in staff training on smoke-free environments. Staff who smoke, in particular, should be motivated to reflect on the contradiction that is presented by their private smoking behavior and their role as healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cerci
- Klinik fur Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitatsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
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Badanapurkar A, Nelson D, Varghese S, Singh R, Haddad PM. Support and attitudes of Qatar mental health professionals to a proposed mental health inpatient smoking ban: Results of a cross-sectional survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:327-345. [PMID: 34143910 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Smoking is more common among people with serious mental illness, and it contributes to a reduced life expectancy. Several Western countries have successfully introduced smoke-free policies in inpatient mental health units. There is virtually no information about attitudes to smoking bans in mental health units from countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: We surveyed mental health professionals working in Qatar's main mental health service to determine support for and attitudes towards a proposed total smoking ban in psychiatric wards. Most staff who completed the survey supported an inpatient smoking ban. However, further analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, showed markedly ambivalent attitudes, that is staff simultaneously held attitudes that supported and opposed a smoking ban. Professionals who did not support a ban were more likely to have not received smoking cessation training in the last 5 years, to be a psychiatrist rather than a nurse or allied mental health professional, to be current smokers and to be a Middle Eastern and North African national. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Further staff training is necessary to achieve more consistent attitudes that support a total smoking ban and increase the likelihood of successful implementation. The attitudes in this study showed similarities and differences to those reported for mental health professionals in Western countries. This highlights that local research is necessary to help shape training and successfully implement smoke-free policies. ABSTRACT: Introduction Despite the fact that patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have high rates of smoking and an increased standardized mortality, there is virtually no information about attitudes to smoking bans in mental health units from countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. Aim To assess support for, and attitudes towards, a proposed total smoking ban in psychiatric wards among mental health clinicians in Qatar. Method Cross-sectional survey of mental health professionals working in Qatar's primary mental health service. Results The response rate was 68% (353/520). Support for a ban was assessed with a single-item question; 73% of respondents supported a ban with opposition significantly (p < .05) associated with being a current smoker, a Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) national, a psychiatrist versus a mental health nurse or allied health professional and not receiving smoking cessation training in the last 5 years. A 21-item questionnaire assessed attitudes to a total smoking ban. It showed marked ambivalence with multiple linear regression identifying MENA nationality, male gender and current smoking status as independent variables influencing attitudes. The most strongly held attitude supporting a ban was concern about passive smoking and against a ban was concern it may increase patient agitation. Qualitative data confirmed ambivalent views. Discussion The results show similarities and differences to research from other countries suggesting that cultural factors influence some attitudes to smoke-free policies. Implications for Practice Staff support and smoking cessation education are necessary to achieve more consistent staff attitudes to support smoke-free policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Nelson
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sejo Varghese
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Acute Care Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter M Haddad
- Mental Health Services, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Huddlestone L, Shoesmith E, Pervin J, Lorencatto F, Watson J, Ratschen E. A systematic review of mental health professionals, patients and carers' perceived barriers and enablers to supporting smoking cessation in mental health settings. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:945-954. [PMID: 35018458 PMCID: PMC9199941 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Evidence-based smoking cessation and temporary abstinence interventions to address smoking in mental health settings are available, but the impact of these interventions is limited. Aims and Methods We aimed to identify and synthesize the perceived barriers and enablers to supporting smoking cessation in mental health settings. Six databases were searched for articles reporting the investigation of perceived barriers and enablers to supporting smoking cessation in mental health settings. Data were extracted and coded using a mixed inductive/deductive method to the theoretical domains framework, key barriers and enablers were identified through the combining of coding frequency, elaboration, and expressed importance. Results Of 31 included articles, 56 barriers/enablers were reported from the perspectives of mental healthcare professionals (MHPs), 48 from patient perspectives, 21 from mixed perspectives, and 0 from relatives/carers. Barriers to supporting smoking cessation or temporary abstinence in mental health settings mainly fell within the domains: environmental context and resources (eg, MHPs lack of time); knowledge (eg, interactions around smoking that did occur were ill informed); social influences (eg, smoking norms within social network); and intentions (eg, MHPs lack positive intentions to deliver support). Enablers mainly fell within the domains: environmental context and resources (eg, use of appropriate support materials) and social influences (eg, pro-quitting social norms). Conclusions The importance of overcoming competing demands on staff time and resources, the inclusion of tailored, personalized support, the exploitation of patients wider social support networks, and enhancing knowledge and awareness around the benefits smoking cessation is highlighted. Implications Identified barriers and enablers represent targets for future interventions to improve the support of smoking cessation in mental health settings. Future research needs to examine the perceptions of the carers and family/friends of patients in relation to the smoking behavior change support delivered to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jodi Pervin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York
| | | | - Jude Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York
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Oliveira RMD, Santos JLF, Furegato ARF. Indicadores hospitalarios y comportamiento de pacientes internados en hospital psiquiátrico que adoptó la prohibición de fumar. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5666.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumen Objetivo: comparar indicadores de internación, alta, costo con medicamentos y comportamientos de los pacientes antes y después de la prohibición del tabaquismo en un hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudio ecológico, longitudinal y retrospectivo realizado en un hospital psiquiátrico. Fueron obtenidos datos secundarios, a partir de consulta a las fichas médicas, referentes a 2.142 internaciones. Fue aplicado el test de medianas para comparación de las variables antes y después de la prohibición. Resultados: con la implementación de la prohibición el porcentaje de ocupación de las camas fue reducido en las unidades masculinas de trastornos mentales (88,8% para 48,4%) y de dependencia química (94,4% para 42,8%). La media de días de internación fue reducida en la unidad masculina de dependencia química (13,5 para 12,6) en comparación con la unidad femenina (14,7 para 19,5). Los costos con psicofármacos y expectorantes, las agresiones verbales/físicas y las contenciones físicas/químicas fueron reducidas. Conclusión: la prohibición de fumar alteró los indicadores hospitalarios, redujo costos y mejoró el comportamiento de los pacientes, contrariando el mito de que esta resulta en hostilidad. Se espera que este estudio contribuya para que los enfermeros revisen sus creencias relacionadas con la prohibición del tabaquismo, considerando los resultados positivos para las relaciones interpersonales y para la administración de los servicios de salud mental, que fueron obtenidos.
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Oliveira RMD, Santos JLF, Furegato ARF. Hospital indicators and inpatient behavior in a psychiatric hospital that implemented the smoking ban. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022. [PMID: 35920539 PMCID: PMC9342906 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5666.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to compare hospitalization and discharge indicators, medication costs and patient behavior before and after the implementation of the smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital. Method: ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study carried out in a psychiatric hospital. Secondary data referring to 2142 hospitalizations were collected from medical records. The median test was used to compare the variables before and after the ban. Results: after the implementation of the ban, there was a reduction in bed occupancy rate in male units for mental disorders (from 88.8% to 48.4%) and substance dependence (from 94.4% to 42.8%). There was a reduction in the mean length of hospital stay in the male chemical dependency unit (from 13.5 to 12.6) compared to the female unit (from 14.7 to 19.5). There was a reduction in costs of psychotropic drugs and expectorants, episodes of verbal/physical aggressions and physical/chemical restraints. Conclusion: the smoking ban changed hospital indicators, reduced costs and improved patient behavior, contradicting the myth that it results in hostility. It is hoped that this study will help nurses to review their beliefs related to smoking cessation, as there were positive results for interpersonal relationships and for the management of mental health services.
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de Oliveira RM, Santos JLF, Furegato ARF. Hospital indicators and inpatient behavior in a psychiatric hospital that implemented the smoking ban. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022; 30:e3611. [PMID: 35920539 PMCID: PMC9342906 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5666.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare hospitalization and discharge indicators, medication costs and patient behavior before and after the implementation of the smoking ban in a psychiatric hospital. METHOD ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study carried out in a psychiatric hospital. Secondary data referring to 2142 hospitalizations were collected from medical records. The median test was used to compare the variables before and after the ban. RESULTS after the implementation of the ban, there was a reduction in bed occupancy rate in male units for mental disorders (from 88.8% to 48.4%) and substance dependence (from 94.4% to 42.8%). There was a reduction in the mean length of hospital stay in the male chemical dependency unit (from 13.5 to 12.6) compared to the female unit (from 14.7 to 19.5). There was a reduction in costs of psychotropic drugs and expectorants, episodes of verbal/physical aggressions and physical/chemical restraints. CONCLUSION the smoking ban changed hospital indicators, reduced costs and improved patient behavior, contradicting the myth that it results in hostility. It is hoped that this study will help nurses to review their beliefs related to smoking cessation, as there were positive results for interpersonal relationships and for the management of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antônia Regina Ferreira Furegato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Clegg H, Howle F, Groom K, Moore R, Hryhorskyj L, Grundy S, Tempowski A, Turnpenny B, Law H, Sundar R, Butt AT, Abdelaziz M, Agrawal S, Coyne J, Crossfield A, Evison M. Understanding the enablers and barriers to implementing smoke-free NHS sites across acute care trusts in Greater Manchester: results of a hospital staff survey. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:e676-e682. [PMID: 34888464 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2020-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The current study aims to identify enablers and barriers to implementing smoke-free NHS hospital grounds through a hospital staff survey. Methods Staff members from eight acute care NHS trusts in Greater Manchester were invited to complete a 15-minute web-based questionnaire. Results Five-hundred and eighty-eight participants completed the questionnaire. Nineteen per cent (114/588) of respondents were current smokers and 10% (61/588) were currently vaping. Sixty per cent (68/114) smoked at work and 66% (40/61) vaped at work. Sixty-seven per cent (314/468) supported dedicated on-site tobacco addiction treatment services for hospital staff with specific support for drop-in clinics and free pharmacotherapy for staff. Sixty-one per cent (290/477) and 67% (318/477) strongly agreed / agreed that patients/visitors and staff, respectively, should not smoke on hospital grounds. Seventeen per cent (83/484) had received training in very brief advice. Thirty-five per cent (190/547) felt vaping was less harmful than smoking, 19% (92/472) felt exhaled vapour was likely to be safe to bystanders, 36% (172/475) would support vaping-friendly hospital grounds and 31% (37/120) felt confident in discussing vaping. Discussion Enablers to a smoke-free NHS site include dedicated tobacco addiction services for staff and empowering staff through appropriate training to support smokers on the hospital grounds. Barriers include the lack of awareness and support for the harm reduction benefits of vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Clegg
- Greater Manchester Cancer, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Freya Howle
- Greater Manchester Cancer, Greater Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ryan Moore
- Greater Manchester Cancer, Greater Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hou Law
- Royal Oldham Hospital, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Ram Sundar
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Greater Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jane Coyne
- Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Andrea Crossfield
- Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership, Greater Manchester, UK
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Russell L, Whiffen R, Chapman L, Just J, Dean E, Ugalde A, White S. Hospital staff perspectives on the provision of smoking cessation care: a qualitative description study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044489. [PMID: 34011592 PMCID: PMC8137196 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perspectives of hospital staff regarding the provision of smoking cessation care. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative description study using focus group discussions. STUDY SETTING Data were collected across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between November and December 2019. PARTICIPANTS Clinical and non-clinical hospital staff. RESULTS Five focus groups were conducted across four hospitals. Staff (n=38) across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals shared similar views with regards to barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation care. Four themes were present: (1) Clinical Setting wherein views about opportunity and capacity to embed smoking cessation care, relevant policies and procedures and guidelines were discussed; (2) Knowledge consisted of the need for training on the provision of pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions, and awareness of resources; (3) Consistency represented the need for a consistently applied approach to smoking cessation care by all staff and included issues of staff smoking; and (4) Appropriateness consisted of questions around how smoking cessation care can be safely delivered in the context of challenging patient groups and different settings. CONCLUSIONS Staff across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals experience similar views and identified shared barriers in implementing smoking cessation care. Responding to staff concerns and providing support to address smoking with patients will help to foster a consistent approach to cessation care. Clear practice guidelines for multidisciplinary clinical roles need to underpin staff training in communication skills, include priorities around smoking cessation care, and provide the authorising environment in which clinical staff actively provide smoking cessation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Russell
- Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Burwood, Geelong, Australia
- Deakin University, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research in the Institute for Health Transformation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research - Eastern Health Partnership, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Whiffen
- Quit Victoria, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena Chapman
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jasmine Just
- Quit Victoria, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Foundation Melbourne, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Dean
- Population Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- QUIT Victoria, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Ugalde
- Deakin University Faculty of Health, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah White
- QUIT Victoria, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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