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Buetler VA, Braunshausen AM, Weiler S, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Exadaktylos AK, Liakoni E. Characteristics of emergency department presentations following ingestion of Taxus baccata (yew). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:104-109. [PMID: 36594830 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2158097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presentations of Taxus baccata (yew) poisoning can range between asymptomatic cases and life-threatening cardiotoxicity - depending on the amount ingested. This study aimed to describe emergency department (ED) presentations after yew exposure, and covers their clinical presentation, diagnostic and specific treatment, to contribute to optimising intreatment and prophylaxis. METHODS Retrospective observational study of cases (≥ 16 years of age) presenting at the ED of the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland, from 1 May 2012 to 31 May 2020 following reported yew exposure. Cases were retrieved from the electronic patient database using full-text terms. RESULTS During the study period, 55 presentations (11 patients) of the 350,381 ED attendances were included. All patients were female and the median age on first presentation was 22 years (range 16-48). All 10 patients with intentional intake had previous diagnoses of psychiatric disorders. Commonly reported symptoms on presentation were gastrointestinal disturbances (31 presentations, 56%), neurological (six presentations, 11%) and subjective cardiovascular symptoms (five presentations, 9%). The most frequent clinical findings on presentation were tachycardia (15 presentations, 27%) and hypotension (11 presentations, 20%). In 52 presentations (95%), gastroscopic extraction of the leaves was performed, activated charcoal was administered in 25 cases (45%), and there were no fatalities. In the majority of the cases (40, 73%), the patient was admitted to psychiatric care and in 10 (18%) the patient was discharged home. CONCLUSION ED presentations after yew exposure appear to be rare, but potentially life-threatening and commonly observed in this study in young female patients with underlying psychiatric diseases. In this case series, gastroscopic extraction and activated charcoal application were commonly performed and there were no fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Alexandra Buetler
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Weiler
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aristomenis K Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Liakoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415619. [PMID: 36555256 PMCID: PMC9779243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active taxanes, present in small- to medium-sized evergreen conifers of various Taxus species, are widely used for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but mostly for their antitumour effects used in the treatment of solid tumours of the breast, ovary, lung, bladder, prostate, oesophagus and melanoma. More of the substances found in Taxus plant extracts have medical potential. Therefore, at the beginning of this review, we describe the methods of isolation, identification and determination of taxanes in different plant parts. One of the most important taxanes is paclitaxel, for which we summarize the pharmacokinetic parameters of its different formulations. We also describe toxicological risks during clinical therapy such as hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, haematological, skin and renal toxicity and toxicity to the respiratory system. Since the effect of the drug-form PTX is enhanced by various Taxus spp. extracts, we summarize published clinical intoxications and all fatal poisonings for the Taxus baccata plant. This showed that, despite their significant use in anticancer treatment, attention should also be focused on the risk of fatal intoxication due to ingestion of extracts from these plants, which are commonly found in our surroundings.
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Vallis-Booth E, Moore S. Fatal overdose of Taxus baccata plant matter treated in a rural district general hospital. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e243896. [PMID: 35428661 PMCID: PMC9014055 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old woman presented with cardiogenic shock following intentional overdose of Common Yew (Taxus baccata). The pharmacological mechanisms underlying yew toxicity resulted in failure of multiple treatment modalities including inotropes, vasopressors and attempted pacing. Resuscitation was ultimately unsuccessful. The limited literature available on this kind of overdose suggests that early extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the mainstay of treatment in severe cases presenting with hypotension and arrhythmias. However, there may be a role for digoxin antibody fragments in maintaining patients presenting to remote sites, to allow transfer to a specialist centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Vallis-Booth
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn, UK
| | - Sophie Moore
- Department of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Alarfaj M, Goswami A. Cardiotoxicity in yew berry poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 50:812.e1-812.e4. [PMID: 34049761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yew plants (Taxus species) represent a genus of plants known to be highly toxic, though lethal intoxication is rare. The majority of deaths in yew berry poisonings occur due to its cardiotoxic effect, mediated through generation of a number of fatal tachy- and brady-arrhythmias. However, there are no guidelines on the most effective management in these cases, and interventions vary greatly between published reports. Here we report a case of a 20-year-old female who presented with refractory lethal arrythmia and shock refractory to conventional therapy. She presented to the emergency department and promptly required airway management and hemodynamic support necessitating intensive care unit management. She received many antiarrhythmics, digoxin immune Fab, lipid emulsification, and eventually transvenous pacemaker insertion for overdrive pacing. Despite our interventions, our patient ultimately died after a decision to withdraw care. We also reviewed 43 reports of yew poisoning cases described in the literature. We discuss the most common strategies used to treat such patients including gastric decontamination, antiarrhythmics, electrical pacing, extracorporeal life support and other therapies. We need better understanding of this condition, to identify which therapies offer maximal benefit and to optimize outcomes for this rare but often devastating toxidrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Pinto A, Lemos T, Silveira I, Aragão I. Taxus baccata intoxication: the sun after the electrical storm. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2021; 33:172-175. [PMID: 33886867 PMCID: PMC8075346 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
European yew (Taxus baccata) is a tree with alternate branchlets, green needles and reddish-brown bark. A high-dose ingestion of Taxus baccata for suicidal purposes usually results in death. The systemic toxicity is mainly cardiac. The authors describe the case of a young patient who ingested a high dose of yew needles and presented to the emergency department with a serious intoxication, which manifested as a chaotic malignant arrhythmia that was successfully treated after exhaustive supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Lemos
- Centro Universitário do Porto EPE - Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Irene Aragão
- Centro Universitário do Porto EPE - Porto, Portugal
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6
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Haring B, Weismann D. [Taxus poisoning: an unusual cause of acute heart failure]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:331-334. [PMID: 33648002 DOI: 10.1055/a-1239-5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Taxines are the active, poisonous constituents in yew plants (Taxus spp.) and can result in life-threatening cardiac toxicity. Rapid elimination of yew plant material and administration of active charcoal can limit absorption of toxins. Treatment is confined to supportive care. Therapeutic interventions such as utilization of digoxin immune fab, hemodialysis and temporary cardiac pacing may be utilized. Extracorporeal life support should be considered for severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haring
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Schwerpunkt Internistische Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - D Weismann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Schwerpunkt Internistische Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
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Hermes-Laufer J, Meyer M, Rudiger A, Henze J, Enselmann K, Kupferschmidt H, Müller D, Herzog A, Bettex D, Keller DI, Krüger B, Engeler J. Extracorporeal life support as bridge to recovery in yew poisoning: case reports and literature review. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 8:705-709. [PMID: 33232574 PMCID: PMC7835583 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This short communication aims to review the treatment of cardiogenic shock in patients with yew poisoning based on two case reports from our institution, focusing on the use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Methods and results We report two cases of Taxus baccata poisoning treated with ECLS at our institution and review the literature based on a search in PubMed and Google Scholar on the topic of yew poisoning and ECLS. All cases were combined for analysis of demographics, ECLS therapy, and outcome. Case 1: A 35‐year‐old woman developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia followed by cardiovascular arrest 5 h after orally ingesting a handful of yew needles. Successful resuscitation required ECLS for 72 h due to ongoing cardiac arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. The patient left the hospital without neurological sequelae after 10 days. Case 2: A 30‐year‐old woman developed refractory cardiac arrhythmias and circulatory arrest. Resuscitation included ECLS for 71 h. T. baccata needles found by gastroscopy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient had no neurologic deficits and was transferred to psychiatry after 11 days. Review of the literature: Nine case reports were found and analysed along with our two cases. Five out of the 11 (45%) patients were female. Median (range) age was 28 (19–46) years. T. baccata needles were ingested with a suicidal intention in all patients. Median (range) duration of ECLS was 70 h (24–120 h). Eight (73%) patients had full neurological recovery. Conclusions Yew poisoning is a differential diagnosis in young psychiatric patients presenting with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and cardiogenic shock. A characteristic cardiac contraction pattern in echocardiography may present a diagnostic clue. The early use of ECLS is a valuable bridge to recovery in most of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hermes-Laufer
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Henze
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Enselmann
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Kupferschmidt
- National Poisons Information Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Herzog
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bettex
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar I Keller
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Krüger
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Engeler
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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"Chaotic Arrhythmia" During Successful Resuscitation After Ingestion of Yew (Taxus baccata) Needles. Pediatr Emerg Care 2019; 35:e223-e225. [PMID: 28590987 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to describe the management of a case of life-threatening yew (Taxus baccata) intoxication. BACKGROUND The needles of the yew tree contain highly cardiotoxic taxines. Intoxication with taxines, typically as part of suicide attempts, may lead to potentially lethal arrhythmias which often require prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other supportive measures. No specific therapy has been described. In some cases, extracorporeal life support has been used. CASE After an attempted suicide with yew needles and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, a female adolescent was resuscitated for 6 hours according to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support guidelines. Complex ventricular tachycardias were treated by repeated direct current shocks and broad complex bradycardia managed with transvenous cardiac pacing. Antiarrhythmic drugs (amiodarone, lidocaine), magnesium sulfate, and supportive measures (intravenous lipids, sodium bicarbonate) were provided. The arrhythmias finally resolved, and the patient did not show any significant neurological or cardiac short-term sequelae after 24 hours. RESULTS The authors describe the successful management of a case of severe taxine intoxication by prolonged conventional advanced cardiac life support lasting for more than 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS In life-threatening yew intoxication, prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation is absolutely essential owing to the long duration of the cardiotoxic action of taxines and can lead to an outcome without cardiac or neurological sequelae.
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Štros J, Polášek R, Seiner J, Karásek J. (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with yew and escitalopram intoxication). COR ET VASA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Objectives: Yew plant materials contain highly toxic taxine alkaloids. Serious ingestions can result in life-threatening toxicity. The purpose of this article is to summarize the literature on the treatment of acute yew poisoning. Data Sources: PubMed (January 1946 to November 2017) was searched using the search terms “taxus/po”. EMBASE (1980 to November 2017) was searched using the search terms “taxus/to” and “yew.mp.” Web of Science (1945 to November 2017) was searched using the text words taxus, taxine, and yew. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English language articles involving case reports, epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes were included. Data Synthesis: Although not uncommon, unintentional yew poisoning rarely results in significant morbidity or mortality. A total of 26 case reports of yew poisoning were evaluated along with 4 case series articles (totaling 22 additional cases). Only 4 of the 48 total cases (8%) were accidental poisonings, the rest being deliberate ingestions. In 20 patients (42%), it resulted in fatalities. Severe, acute yew poisoning results in symptomatology largely resistant to pharmacotherapy intervention. Conclusions: Most nonintentional ingestions of yew plant constituents are asymptomatic and require little intervention. Severe poisoning can result in life-threatening cardiac toxicity and require aggressive supportive care. Therapeutic interventions, such as sodium bicarbonate, digoxin immune fab, and hemodialysis that have been utilized in case studies and case series in the literature have little proven benefit. Extracorporeal life support should be considered in severe yew poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis F. Thompson
- Southwestern Oklahoma State University, College of Pharmacy, Weatherford, OK, USA
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11
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Farag M, Badowski D, Koschny R, Skopp G, Brcic A, Szabo GB. Extracorporeal life support and digoxin-specific Fab fragments for successful management of Taxus baccata intoxication with low output and ventricular arrhythmia. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1987.e3-1987.e7. [PMID: 28941873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yew plants are evergreen shrubs which are widely spread throughout the northern hemisphere. Taxane alkaloid derivatives, mainly taxine B, represent the main toxins of Taxus baccata and are highly cardiotoxic. Due to the lack of randomized clinical trials, case reports on accidental or suicidal yew intoxications build the only source of knowledge of clinical treatment options. CASE REPORT We report the case of a suicidal yew ingestion admitted to our hospital under prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to pulseless electrical activity. Extra-corporeal life support (ECLS) was established to maintain adequate organ perfusion. Repeated administration of digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments, which cross-react with taxine, was associated with an immediate conversion from asystole to broad-complex bradycardia and a gradual normalization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This was paralleled by a recovery of the cardiac function and weaning from the ECLS. The taxine metabolite 3,5-dimethoxyphenol could be detected by mass spectrometry before but not after the first Fab-fragment treatment. In contrast, the total amount of taxine (including the neutralized, Fab fragment-bound fraction) was increased after each Fab fragment administration, suggesting an accumulation of neutralized, since antibody-bound taxine in the blood by anti-digoxin Fab fragments. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the successful clinical course of this case suggests a benefit of an early anti-digoxin Fab-fragment administration for the treatment of yew intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Farag
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dominika Badowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Koschny
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Intoxication, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gisela Skopp
- Institute of Legal and Traffic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Vossstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Brcic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabor B Szabo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Vardon Bounes F, Tardif E, Ruiz S, Gallart JC, Conil JM, Delmas C. Suicide attempt with self-made Taxus baccata leaf capsules: survival following the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for ventricular arrythmia and refractory cardiogenic shock. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 55:925-928. [PMID: 28494178 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1321763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yew intoxication has been known for many years; high dose ingestion of Taxus baccata leads to cardiac toxicity mediated by calcium and sodium channel blocking properties. We present a case report of a patient who attempted suicide after T. baccata ingestion, causing refractory cardiogenic shock requiring temporary circulatory assistance by veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). CASE DETAILS A 28-year-old man was admitted to the critical care unit of a university hospital for arrhythmia after ingestion of self-made T. baccata leaf capsules. He rapidly developed cardiovascular collapse requiring mechanical ventilation, high dose intravenous catecholamines and electrical cardioversion. A femoro-femoral VA ECMO was implanted due to severe biventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmia, associated with continuous renal replacement therapy. Taxol A, taxol B and baccatin III were detected and measured in both blood and urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and kinetics suggested urinary excretion. Two days after hospital admission, VA ECMO and continuous renal replacement therapy were removed with full recovery of cardiac function. DISCUSSION Our experience suggests that circulatory assistance by VA ECMO and continuous renal replacement therapy seem to be effective safe second-line therapeutic options in critically ill cases of severe yew intoxication with refractory cardiogenic shock due to arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Vardon Bounes
- a Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Elsa Tardif
- a Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Stéphanie Ruiz
- a Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gallart
- b Poison Control and Toxicovigilance Center , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France.,c Department of Emergency , SAMU 31, University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Jean-Marie Conil
- a Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Clément Delmas
- a Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France.,d Cardiology Intensive Care Unit , University Teaching Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse , France
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Kobusiak-Prokopowicz M, Marciniak A, Ślusarczyk S, Ściborski K, Stachurska A, Mysiak A, Matkowski A. A suicide attempt by intoxication with Taxus baccata leaves and ultra-fast liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, analysis of patient serum and different plant samples: case report. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:41. [PMID: 27577698 PMCID: PMC5006531 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxus (yew) is one of the most frequently reported plants causing potentially fatal outcome when taken incidentally or for suicidal reasons. A fast and reliable method of detection of poisonous compounds or their metabolites is critical in life-saving procedures in cases of yew ingestion. Previously, several chromatographic analytical procedures have been described usually taking longer than one hour of total analysis time. CASE PRESENTATION In this report we describe a suicide case study and an ad hoc developed fast method of detection and quantitation of 3,5-dimethoxyphenol - the main taxane metabolite in the blood plasma from the patient as well as the determination of major taxine components in the plant material (Taxus baccata). At present, there is no reasonable alternative for mass spectrometry that could match its high sensitivity and accuracy, and Multiple Reaction Monitoring could be adequate and useful mass spectrometry technique in analyzing and identification of plants material compounds that cause severe poisoning in humans. In the reported case, intensive cardiac care together with the astuteness of the treating physicians not only saved the patient's life, but also allowed for his complete recovery and return to work. CONCLUSIONS The development of ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry UFLC-MS/MS method provides a fast means to confirm yew alkaloids and their metabolite in various material. The applied analytical procedure allows early detection of main metabolite in patient material as well as comparing to those extracted from the plant. In our study, the taxanes remained undetected, probably due to the time elapsing from the patient admittance and collection of plasma. In cases like those reported in this study, retaining the gastric material should be obligatory to confirm the ingestion of yew. The possibility of using this approach in detection of native taxine compounds in human plasma remains to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Marciniak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Borowska 213, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry, IUNG Institute of Plant Cultivation and Soil Science, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ściborski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Borowska 213, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachurska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Borowska 213, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mysiak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Borowska 213, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chulani-Chulani R, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Palomo D, Coutinho-Dos Santos A, Martínez-Cacharrón M. Lavado gástrico diferido tras intoxicación grave por tejo (Taxus baccata). Med Intensiva 2016; 40:125-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Combination of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hypothermia for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to Taxus intoxication. CAN J EMERG MED 2015; 16:504-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A young woman presented with cardiac arrest following ingestion of yew tree leaves of the Taxus baccata species. The toxin in yew tree leaves has negative inotropic and dromotropic effects. The patient had a cardiac rhythm that alternated between pulseless electrical activity with a prolonged QRS interval and ventricular fibrillation. When standard resuscitation therapy including digoxin immune Fab was ineffective, a combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hypothermia was initiated. The total duration of low flow/no flow was 82 minutes prior to the initiation of ECMO. After 36 hours of ECMO (including 12 hours of electrical asystole), the patient’s electrocardiogram had normalized and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 50%. At this time, dobutamine and the ECMO were stopped. The patient had a full neurologic recovery and was discharged from the intensive care unit after 5 days and from the hospital 1 week later.
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