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Erre GL, Castagna F, Sauchella A, Meloni P, Mangoni AA, Farina G, Woodman R, Dore MP, Vidili G. Prevalence and risk factors of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an ultrasonography cross-sectional case-control study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211042739. [PMID: 34819999 PMCID: PMC8606981 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211042739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The independent association between hepatic steatosis and rheumatoid arthritis is poorly defined. Methods: The presence of moderate to severe steatosis was assessed, using liver ultrasonography, in 364 consecutive non-diabetic subjects (223 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 141 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Adjusted multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the association between rheumatoid arthritis and moderate to severe steatosis in the overall sample and identify independent risk factors in the rheumatoid arthritis subgroup. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe steatosis in the overall sample was 31.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than healthy controls (38.7% versus 19.7%, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for sex, age, cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, waist, hypertension and smoke, rheumatoid arthritis remained significantly associated with moderate to severe steatosis [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.24 (1.31, 3.84); p = 0.003]. In the rheumatoid arthritis group, male sex, higher body mass index, higher triglycerides concentrations and higher cumulative dosage of methotrexate [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.11 (1.01, 1.23); p = 0.026] were significantly associated with moderate to severe steatosis, while systemic inflammation, disease activity, use of steroids and biologics were not. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis is independently associated with moderate to severe steatosis, with male sex, higher body mass index and cumulative dose of methotrexate being predisposing factors. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to investigate the effect of steatosis on liver outcomes in the rheumatoid arthritis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 8, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giuseppina Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Richard Woodman
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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2
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Erre GL, Cadoni ML, Meloni P, Castagna F, Mangoni AA, Piga M, Passiu G, Carru C, Zinellu A, Vidili G. Methotrexate therapy is not associated with increased liver stiffness and significant liver fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cross-sectional controlled study with real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 69:57-63. [PMID: 31474422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the significance of the association between treatment with methotrexate (MTX) and liver stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS We enrolled 140 consecutive RA patients under MTX treatment (MTX-treated RA; mean treatment duration: 6.2 years; mean MTX cumulative dose: 4.67 g), 33 RA patients naive to MTX (MTX-naive RA) and 100 age and sex-matched healthy blood donors (HD). Liver stiffness was assessed by real time two-dimensional shear wave elastography, with values ≥7.1 Kilopascals (kPa) defining significant liver fibrosis. RESULTS kPa values in HD (4.32 ± 0.7) were lower than that in MTX-naive RA (4.92 ± 0.8) and MTX-treated RA (4.85 ± 0.9, p < .0005 for trend). On the contrary, the difference in kPa between MTX-naive and MTX-treated RA was not significant (p = .89). Similarly, liver stiffness was not significantly different across strata of cumulative MTX dose (4.95 ± 0.7 kPa in MTX <1 g, 4.90 ± 1.1 kPa in MTX 1-3 g and 4.80 ± 0.9 in MTX >3 g, p = .610). Significant liver fibrosis was diagnosed in 4 patients in the MTX-treated RA (highest kPa value = 7.6; no liver function test abnormalities or clinical signs of hepatic failure) and in none in both the MTX-naive RA and HD groups (p = .145). CONCLUSION Liver stiffness values, although within the normal range, are significantly higher in RA patients vs. controls, irrespective of MTX treatment. RA patients taking MTX do not have a higher prevalence of significant liver fibrosis when compared to MTX naive RA patients and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, UOC Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Cadoni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Meloni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Floriana Castagna
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park SA, 5042 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Matteo Piga
- UOC Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, UOC Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 6, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 6, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina, UOC Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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3
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Rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab in two patients with complicated chronic liver disease with portal hypertension. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:115-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu YY, Ge J, Zhang MH, Sun WJ, Zhang J, Yu PL, Zheng YF, Yang J, Zhu XQ. Intravenous Administration of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:634-643. [PMID: 27306319 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816653363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been explored in pharmaceutical applications such as tumor targeting and delivery of drugs, in which MWCNTs are given through intravenous injection. However, the biosafety of MWCNTs is of concern for such application. Therefore, in the current study, we used a fatty liver model to investigate the possible toxicity of MWCNTs to the liver, as MWCNTs were retained mainly in the liver of mice after intravenous injection. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to generate the fatty liver model, and the effects of intravenous administration of MWCNTs on fatty liver were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for hepatocellular anatomy and Masson trichrome staining for hepatic fibrosis were conducted. Histologically, MWCNTs aggravated steatohepatitis with higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease scores. Analysis of liver injury markers indicated that MWCNTs administration resulted in chronic hepatitis, along with increased liver fat and altered liver oxidation, including the increase of P6 protein and the depletion of glutathione. In conclusion, our results suggest that MWCNTs can aggravate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Sprague Dawley rats, and oxidative injury may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mo-Han Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Lin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Tang KT, Hung WT, Chen YH, Lin CH, Chen DY. Methotrexate is not associated with increased liver cirrhosis in a population-based cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic hepatitis B. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22387. [PMID: 26928373 PMCID: PMC4772158 DOI: 10.1038/srep22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies showed that long-term methotrexate (MTX) use exacerbates liver fibrosis and even leads to liver cirrhosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We therefore conducted a population-based cohort study to investigate the impact of long-term MTX use on the risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related cirrhosis among RA patients. We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan and identified 631 incident cases of RA among CHB patients (358 MTX users and 273 MTX non-users) from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2007. After a median follow-up of more than 6 years since the diagnosis of CHB, a total of 41 (6.5%) patients developed liver cirrhosis. We did not find an increased risk of liver cirrhosis among CHB patients with long-term MTX use for RA. Furthermore, there was no occurrence of liver cirrhosis among 56 MTX users with a cumulative dose ≧3 grams after 97 months' treatment. In conclusion, our data showed that long-term MTX use is not associated with an increased risk for liver cirrhosis among RA patients with CHB. However, interpretation of the results should be cautious due to potential bias in the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, ROC
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, ROC
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6
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Tung CH, Lai NS, Lu MC, Lee CC. Liver cirrhosis in selected autoimmune diseases: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:199-205. [PMID: 26408009 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between autoimmune diseases and liver cirrhosis has rarely been explored in Asian populations, an endemic area of viral hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative risk of liver cirrhosis among a group of selective autoimmune diseases in Taiwanese patients and to identify groups of high risk. This retrospective study was a nationwide, population-based study and used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 29,856 patients with definite diagnosis of selected autoimmune diseases (Registry of Taiwan Catastrophic Illness Database, ACR classification) at the starting time point of January 1, 2005, were enrolled in this study. After tracked for a 5-year period, the endpoints were diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (in accordance with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICD-9-CM codes 571). The control group was composed of other patients in the same database and consisted of randomly selected 753,495 sex- and age-matched non-autoimmune disease patients. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the risk of liver cirrhosis after adjusting for certain variables such as comorbidity, living area, and socioeconomic status. Among the patients with selected autoimmune diseases, 1987 liver cirrhosis were observed. Patients with psoriasis had a significantly increased risk of liver cirrhosis (HR 1.87, 95 % CI 1.25-2.81) than control group without psoriasis. The risk of liver cirrhosis was significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (HR 0.29, 95 % CI 0.19-0.44). There is a gradient of risk of liver cirrhosis among the autoimmune diseases; the specific risks need to be investigated on the basis of hypotheses. Conventional immunosuppressive drug administration should be carefully implemented by regular monitoring of liver condition in order to avoid causing an adverse effect of chronic liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsueh Tung
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Ming-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi, 622, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ning-Seng Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Ming-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi, 622, Taiwan, Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Ming-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi, 622, Taiwan, Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Chih Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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7
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Jennings P, Schwarz M, Landesmann B, Maggioni S, Goumenou M, Bower D, Leonard MO, Wiseman JS. SEURAT-1 liver gold reference compounds: a mechanism-based review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2099-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Chan ESL, Fernandez P, Cronstein BN. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:27-33. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liang J, Zhang B, Shen RW, Liu JB, Gao MH, Li Y, Li YY, Zhang W. Preventive effect of halofuginone on concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82232. [PMID: 24358159 PMCID: PMC3864948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Halofuginone (HF) is an active component of extracts derived from the plant alkaloid febrifugine and has shown therapeutic promise in animal models of fibrotic disease. Our main objectives were to clarify the suppressive effect of HF on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver fibrosis. ConA injection into the tail vein caused a great increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, while orally administration of HF significantly decreased the levels of the transaminases. In addition, the levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen III (PCIII) and TGF-β1 in the serum and collagen I, α-SMA, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and Smad3 in the liver tissue were significantly lowered with the treatment of HF. Histological examination also demonstrated that HF significantly reduced the severity of liver fibrosis. Since ConA-induced liver fibrosis is caused by the repeated activation of T cells, immunomodulatory substances might be responsible for the suppressive effect of HF. We found that the production of nuclear factor (NF)-kB in the serum was increased in ConA-treated group, while decreased significantly with the treatment of HF. The changes of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum followed the same rhythm. All together, our findings indicate that orally administration HF (10ppm) would attenuate the liver fibrosis by suppressing the synthesis of collagen I and inflammation-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (RWS)
| | - Ruo-wu Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (RWS)
| | - Jia-Bao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-hua Gao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Arena U, Stasi C, Mannoni A, Benucci M, Maddali-Bongi S, Cammelli D, Assarat A, Marra F, Pinzani M. Liver stiffness correlates with methotrexate cumulative dose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:149-53. [PMID: 21930442 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver stiffness values were recently proposed to identify patients with methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis. Aim of this study was to assess the clinical and laboratory determinants of the association between liver stiffness, measured by transient elastography, and methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of other factors contributing to liver damage and fibrosis. METHODS 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with a cumulative methotrexate dose ranging from 1530 to 13,000 mg over a mean period of 7.07±3.89 yrs, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS The average liver stiffness value in the whole population was 4.93±1.8 kPa, excluding the presence of significant fibrosis. At univariate analysis, a significant correlation was found between liver stiffness and methotrexate cumulative dose, duration of treatment, alanine transaminases levels, body mass index, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase and the presence of steatosis. At multivariate analysis, a significant association was detected only between liver stiffness and methotrexate cumulative dose. Out of 11 patients with liver stiffness >7.0 kPa, five were subjected to liver biopsy and mild or moderate perisinusoidal fibrosis was detected in two patients with a cumulative dose >4000 mg and liver stiffness >9 kPa. CONCLUSIONS Chronic methotrexate treatment induces a progressive increase in liver stiffness corresponding to mild or moderate perisinusoidal fibrosis for values >9 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Arena
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Firenze/Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Firenze, Italy
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11
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Quintin E, Scoazec JY, Marotte H, Miossec P. Rare incidence of methotrexate-specific lesions in liver biopsy of patients with arthritis and elevated liver enzymes. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R143. [PMID: 20637063 PMCID: PMC2945037 DOI: 10.1186/ar3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study objective was to evaluate the incidence of methotrexate (MTX)-specific liver lesions from the analysis of a liver biopsy of inflammatory arthritis patients with elevated liver enzymes. Methods A case-control study was performed with 1,571 arthritis patients on long-term low-dose MTX therapy. Results of liver biopsy were analyzed in 41 patients with elevated liver enzymes. The expression of autoimmune markers was also assessed. This population was compared with 41 disease control subjects obtained from the same database, also on MTX but without elevated liver enzymes, matched for age, sex and rheumatic disease. Results Compared with the disease controls, patients with liver biopsy showed lower disease duration and lower MTX exposure, weekly and cumulative doses, reflecting shorter treatment duration due to liver abnormalities. Liver biopsies showed 17 autoimmune hepatitis-like (AIH-like) lesions, 13 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like lesions, seven limited liver lesions, and two primary biliary cirrhoses. However, MTX-specific lesions with dystrophic nuclei in hepatocytes were seen in only two cases. Liver biopsy lesions were associated with autoimmune markers (P = 0.007); notably, AIH-like lesions were associated with rheumatoid arthritis and with the presence of the HLA-DR shared epitope. Conclusions MTX-specific liver lesions are rarely observed in arthritis patients under long-term MTX therapy and elevated liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Quintin
- Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France.
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12
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Leal-Valdivieso C, Naves JE, Mañosa M, Zabana Y, Cabré E, Domènech E. Hipertensión portal en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2010; 33:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Lee MH, Hong I, Kim M, Lee BH, Kim JH, Kang KS, Kim HL, Yoon BI, Chung H, Kong G, Lee MO. Gene expression profiles of murine fatty liver induced by the administration of methotrexate. Toxicology 2008; 249:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Belinsky GS, Parke AL, Huang Q, Blanchard K, Jayadev S, Stoll R, Rothe M, Achenie LEK, Gupta RR, Wu GY, Rosenberg DW. The Contribution of Methotrexate Exposure and Host Factors on Transcriptional Variance in Human Liver. Toxicol Sci 2007; 97:582-94. [PMID: 17400583 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term administration of methotrexate (MTX) for management of chronic inflammatory diseases is associated with risk of liver damage. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profiles of livers from patients treated with MTX. The possibility that expression signatures correlate with grade of fibrosis or underlying rheumatic disease was evaluated. Twenty-seven patients taking MTX were accrued for this study. Ten non-MTX-exposed normal liver specimens were used as controls. Global mRNA expression was assayed using oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 205 genes were significantly altered in MTX-exposed livers. Six of these genes were validated by qPCR. Two genes, CLN8 and ANKH that map to chromosomal locations previously associated with rheumatoid arthritis, were found to be elevated in MTX-exposed samples. Subsequent pathway analysis indicates that MTX exposure is associated with the following key alterations: (1) upregulation of lipid biosynthetic genes, consistent with MTX-induced steatosis, (2) downregulation of proinflammatory chemokines, consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of MTX, and (3) elevation of complement pathway gene expression. Complement 5, shown earlier to be correlated with liver fibrosis in mice, was found to be elevated (twofold) in MTX-exposed livers. In conclusion, we have found the expression of a number of genes associated with rheumatic disease and/or MTX exposure to be significantly different. Differences in complement expression provide the rationale for future correlative studies between MTX-induced liver fibrosis and C5 alleles in order to identify patients with increased risk for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Belinsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
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15
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Cronstein BN. Low-dose methotrexate: a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:163-72. [PMID: 15914465 DOI: 10.1124/pr.57.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate administered weekly in low doses is a mainstay in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Although originally developed as a folate antagonist for the treatment of cancer, its mechanism of action in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis remains less clear. Several mechanisms have been proposed including inhibition of T cell proliferation via its effects on purine and pyrimidine metabolism, inhibition of transmethylation reactions required for the prevention of T cell cytotoxicity, interference with glutathione metabolism leading to alterations in recruitment of monocytes and other cells to the inflamed joint, and promotion of the release of the endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine. These mechanisms of action and the role of methotrexate in the suppression of rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Cronstein
- Pathology and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.
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