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Zong X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang J, Gu Y, Liu Q. Cohort Studies and Multi-omics Approaches to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2025; 25:148-165. [PMID: 39538046 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The effect of low-dose ionizing radiation exposure on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant concern in the field of radiation protection. The prevailing approach to mitigating the adverse effects of low-dose or low-dose-rate radiation does not currently incorporate the potential risk of CVD, despite the possibility that such risk may be a substantial contributor to overall health hazards. Current evidence suggests a potential association between radiation exposure and CVD; however, the overall findings remain inconclusive. This is particularly due to the uncertainty surrounding the influence of significant non-radiation risk factors on the associations reported in epidemiological studies. It is difficult to discern the underlying connection in observational epidemiology when there is substantial variation in baseline risk factors. The paucity of epidemiological research in this domain is being partially offset by the advancement of multi-omics approaches. These methods assist in identifying radiosensitive targets, comprehending underlying biological processes, and pinpointing biomarkers. This, in turn, fortifies the evidence gleaned from epidemiological studies. In this review, we delve into the body of epidemiological research pertaining to CVD induced by low-dose ionizing radiation and the application of multi-omics techniques. The integration of these two methodologies holds the promise of identifying specific molecules or biological pathways that can be employed to validate endpoints related to radiation risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Sasi R, Spruill M, Perrotta PL. Archived Cytogenetic Cell Pellets Used to Detect a BCR::ABL1 Driver Mutation Eight Years before Disease Presentation. Case Rep Hematol 2024; 2024:2127657. [PMID: 38550770 PMCID: PMC10977336 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2127657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the earliest genetic events in the evolution of a cancer can predate diagnosis by several years or decades. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the BCR::ABL1 fusion driver mutation can be present for an extended period before clinical disease manifests. The time between the BCR::ABL1 occurrence and symptom onset is referred to as the latency period. Though modeling studies predict this latency period is no more than ten years, it is still unclear how long it can be. We present a case of a patient referred for suspected CML. Both karyotype and FISH analysis identified the t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome formation in 98.5% of cells analyzed. The patient responded to imatinib and achieved a sustained complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission. Clinical history revealed that the same patient presented eight years previously with anemia. Various non-neoplastic conditions were excluded, and a bone marrow biopsy was performed to rule out MDS. Cytogenetic analysis at that time revealed del(20q) as the sole abnormality in all 20 cells analyzed. No treatment was given since the presence of isolated del(20q) is not considered evidence of MDS in the absence of diagnostic morphologic criteria. Retrospective FISH analysis of archived bone marrow pellets from this previous specimen revealed the presence of BCR::ABL1 in 1.8% of cells. A clonal population of cells harboring the BCR::ABL1 fusion was unambiguously detected in this patient's archived bone marrow pellet obtained eight years before the current CML diagnosis. This case demonstrates that Carnoy's fixed nuclear pellets stored in cytogenetic laboratories are suitable for detecting driver mutations years before disease presentation. Such archived material may be useful for the retrospective studies needed to better understand the initiation and subsequent development of hematological malignancies. By identifying individuals who are at increased risk, it may be possible to initiate preventive measures or begin treatment at an earlier stage before disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Sasi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michelle Spruill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peter L. Perrotta
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Hayashi T, Kato N, Furudoi K, Hayashi I, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Kusunoki Y, Furukawa K, Imaizumi M, Hida A, Tanabe O, Ohishi W. Early-life atomic-bomb irradiation accelerates immunological aging and elevates immune-related intracellular reactive oxygen species. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13940. [PMID: 37539495 PMCID: PMC10577552 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in immune responses; however, their excessive production and accumulation increases the risk of inflammation-related diseases. Although irradiation is known to accelerate immunological aging, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To determine the possible involvement of ROS in this mechanism, we examined 10,023 samples obtained from 3752 atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, who participated in repeated biennial examinations from 2008 to 2016, for the effects of aging and radiation exposure on intracellular ROS (H2 O2 and O2 •- ) levels, percentages of T-cell subsets, and the effects of radiation exposure on the relationship between cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets. The cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets were measured using flow cytometry, with both fluorescently labeled antibodies and the fluorescent reagents, carboxy-DCFDA and hydroethidine. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased with increasing age and radiation dose, while the intracellular O2 •- levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells increased. Additionally, when divided into three groups based on the percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells, intracellular O2 •- levels of central and effector memory CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated with the lowest radiation dose group in the naïve CD4+ T cells. Thus, the radiation exposure-induced decrease in the naïve CD4+ T cell pool size may reflect decreased immune function, resulting in increased intracellular ROS levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells, and increased intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of StatisticsRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keiko Furudoi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ikue Hayashi
- Central Research LaboratoryHiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshimaJapan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Misa Imaizumi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Ayumi Hida
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Osamu Tanabe
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Hiroshima Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
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Shi HM, Sun ZC, Ju FH. Recommendations for reducing exposure to medical X-ray irradiation (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:22. [PMID: 36699506 PMCID: PMC9829209 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing frequency of X-ray examinations in clinical medicine, public concern regarding the harm caused by exposure to X-ray radiation is also increasing. However, some physicians are not completely aware of the dangers of exposure to X-ray irradiation. Individuals specialized in this field, including physicians, have a better understanding of these dangers, which limits the use of X-rays in medicine. The present study aimed to address strategies for reducing the harm caused by exposure to medical X-rays and increase public awareness regarding X-ray radiation. Through a literature search and review, combined with the current status of clinical X-ray examination and the authors' professional experience, the present study highlights the importance of reducing X-ray exposure, and proposes several specific recommendations and measures for reducing the frequency or dose of X-ray irradiation. On the whole, the finding discussed in the present review suggest the minimal use of medical X-ray examinations and that alternative tests should be selected whenever possible. When medical X-ray screening and treatments are necessary, the risk-benefit ratio should be assessed, possibly aiming to achieve avoidable exposure. Further attention should be paid to protect sensitive glands and reduce the risks in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Min Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China,Department of Medical Imaging, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fang-He Ju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Fang-He Ju, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Yu EYW, Wesselius A, Mehrkanoon S, Goosens M, Brinkman M, van den Brandt P, Grant EJ, White E, Weiderpass E, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Riboli E, Tjonneland A, Masala G, Giles GG, Milne RL, Zeegers MP. Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study. BMC Med 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 33685459 PMCID: PMC7942172 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a potential inverse association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk has been reported, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This research aimed to elucidate the association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk by conducting a pooled analysis of data from prospective cohort studies. METHODS Vegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk was examined by pooling individual-level data from 13 cohort studies, comprising 3203 cases among a total of 555,685 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by cohort for intakes of total vegetable, vegetable subtypes (i.e. non-starchy, starchy, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables) and individual vegetable types. In addition, a diet diversity score was used to assess the association of the varied types of vegetable intake on bladder cancer risk. RESULTS The association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk differed by sex (P-interaction = 0.011) and smoking status (P-interaction = 0.038); therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking status. With adjustment of age, sex, smoking, energy intake, ethnicity and other potential dietary factors, we found that higher intake of total and non-starchy vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among women (comparing the highest with lowest intake tertile: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.98, P = 0.037 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99; HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.034 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98, respectively). However, no evidence of association was observed among men, and the intake of vegetable was not found to be associated with bladder cancer when stratified by smoking status. Moreover, we found no evidence of association for diet diversity with bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total and non-starchy vegetable are associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer for women. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these results reflect causal processes and potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Goosens
- Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Studies and Nutritional Epidemiology, Nutrition Biomed Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Grant
- Department of Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Yu EYW, Dai Y, Wesselius A, van Osch F, Brinkman M, van den Brandt P, Grant EJ, White E, Weiderpass E, Gunter M, Hemon B, Zeegers MP. Coffee consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis of 501,604 participants from 12 cohort studies in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:523-535. [PMID: 31927701 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have shown varying associations between coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC). This research aims to elucidate the association between coffee consumption and BC risk by bringing together worldwide cohort studies on this topic. Coffee consumption in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual data from 12 cohort studies, comprising of 2601 cases out of 501,604 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using multilevel Weibull regression models. Furthermore, dose-response relationships were examined using generalized least squares regression models. The association between coffee consumption and BC risk showed interaction with sex (P-interaction < 0.001) and smoking (P-interaction = 0.001). Therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increased BC risk was shown for high (> 500 ml/day, equivalent to > 4 cups/day) coffee consumption compared to never consumers among male smokers (current smokers: HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.27-2.42, P-trend = 0.002; former smokers: HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.85, P-trend = 0.001). In addition, dose-response analyses, in male smokers also showed an increased BC risk for coffee consumption of more than 500 ml/day (4 cups/day), with the risk of one cup (125 ml) increment as 1.07 (95% CI 1.06-1.08). This research suggests that positive associations between coffee consumption and BC among male smokers but not never smokers and females. The inconsistent results between sexes and the absence of an association in never smokers indicate that the associations found among male smokers is unlikely to be causal and is possibly caused by residual confounding of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Y W Yu
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits van Osch
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Studies and Nutritional Epidemiology, Nutrition Biomed Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Grant
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Hemon
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (Room C5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Puukila S, Muise S, McEvoy J, Bouchier T, Hooker AM, Boreham DR, Khaper N, Dixon DL. Acute pulmonary and splenic response in an in vivo model of whole-body low-dose X-radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1072-1084. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Stacy Muise
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James McEvoy
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tara Bouchier
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Antony M. Hooker
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
- Integration Department, Bruce Power, Tiverton, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Dani-Louise Dixon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
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Impact of early life exposure to ionizing radiation on influenza vaccine response in an elderly Japanese cohort. Vaccine 2018; 36:6650-6659. [PMID: 30274868 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of whole body radiation exposure early in life on influenza vaccination immune responses much later in life. A total of 292 volunteers recruited from the cohort members of ongoing Adult Health Study (AHS) of Japanese atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors completed this observational study spanning two influenza seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Peripheral blood samples were collected prior to and three weeks after vaccination. Serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers were measured as well as concentrations of 25 cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with and without in vitro stimulation with influenza vaccine. We found that influenza vaccination modestly enhanced serum HAI titers in this unique cohort of elderly subjects, with seroprotection ranging from 18 to 48% for specific antigen/season combinations. Twelve percent of subjects were seroprotected against all three vaccine antigens post-vaccination. Males were generally more likely to be seroprotected for one or more antigens post-vaccination, with no differences in vaccine responses based on age at vaccination or radiation exposure in early life. These results show that early life exposure to ionizing radiation does not prevent responses of elderly A-bomb survivors to seasonal influenza vaccine.
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9
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Elgart SR, Little MP, Chappell LJ, Milder CM, Shavers MR, Huff JL, Patel ZS. Radiation Exposure and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Early NASA Astronauts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8480. [PMID: 29855508 PMCID: PMC5981602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding space radiation health effects is critical due to potential increased morbidity and mortality following spaceflight. We evaluated whether there is evidence for excess cardiovascular disease or cancer mortality in early NASA astronauts and if a correlation exists between space radiation exposure and mortality. Astronauts selected from 1959-1969 were included and followed until death or February 2017, with 39 of 73 individuals still alive at that time. Calculated standardized mortality rates for tested outcomes were significantly below U.S. white male population rates, including all-cardiovascular disease (n = 7, SMR = 33; 95% CI, 14-65) and all-cancer (n = 7, SMR = 43; 95% CI, 18-83), as anticipated in a healthy worker population. Space radiation doses for cohort members ranged from 0-78 mGy. No significant associations between space radiation dose and mortality were found using logistic regression with an internal reference group, adjusting for medical radiation. Statistical power of the logistic regression was <6%, remaining <12% even when expected risk level or observed deaths were assumed to be 10 times higher than currently reported. While no excess radiation-associated cardiovascular or cancer mortality risk was observed, findings must be tempered by the statistical limitations of this cohort; notwithstanding, this small unique cohort provides a foundation for assessment of astronaut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, DHHS, NIH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cato M Milder
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark R Shavers
- KBRwyle, Science and Space Operations, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Zarana S Patel
- KBRwyle, Science and Space Operations, Houston, Texas, USA.
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10
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Shoji K, Teishima J, Hayashi T, Shinmei S, Akita T, Sentani K, Takeshima Y, Arihiro K, Tanaka J, Yasui W, Matsubara A. A comparison of clinicopathological features and prognosis in prostate cancer between atomic bomb survivors and control patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:299-305. [PMID: 28693168 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An atomic bomb (A-bomb) was dropped on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945. Although numerous studies have investigated cancer incidence and mortality among A-bomb survivors, only a small number have addressed urological cancer in these survivors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of prostate cancer (PCa) in A-bomb survivors. The clinicopathological features and prognosis of PCa were retrospectively reviewed in 212 survivors and 595 control patients between November 1996 and December 2010. The histopathological and clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of PCa were also evaluated in 69 survivors and 162 control patients. Despite the higher age at diagnosis compared with the control group (P=0.0031), survivors were more likely to have been diagnosed with PCa from a health check compared with the control group (P<0.0001). As a consequence, the survivors were found to exhibit metastasis significantly less frequently (199/212, 93.9%) compared with the control patients (521/595, 87.6%; P=0.0076). Prognosis in the two groups was examined, subsequent to a mean length of follow-up of 44 months. Overall survival (OS) and PCa-specific survival (CS) were similar between the two groups (OS, P=0.2196; CS, P=0.1017). A-bomb exposure was not found to be an independent predictor for prognosis by multivariate analysis (OS, P=0.7800; CS, P=0.8688). The clinicopathological features of patients who underwent a prostatectomy were similar except for the diagnosis opportunity between the two groups. Progression-free survival rates were similar between the two groups (P=0.5630). A-bomb exposure was not a significant and independent predictor for worsening of progression-free prognosis by multivariate analysis (P=0.3763). A-bomb exposure does not appear to exert deleterious effects on the biological aggressiveness of PCa and the prognosis of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shoji
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shinmei
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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11
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Zanzonico P, Dauer L, Strauss HW. Radiobiology in Cardiovascular Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:1446-1461. [PMID: 27931527 PMCID: PMC5877470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ionizing radiation in medicine revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of disease and dramatically improved and continues to improve the quality of health care. Cardiovascular imaging and medical imaging in general, however, are associated with a range of radiobiologic effects, including, in rare instances, moderate to severe skin damage resulting from cardiac fluoroscopy. For the dose range associated with diagnostic imaging (corresponding to effective doses on the order of 10 mSv [1 rem]), the possible effects are stochastic in nature and largely theoretical. The most notable of these effects, of course, is the possible increase in cancer risk. The current review addresses radiobiology relevant to cardiovascular imaging, with particular emphasis on radiation induction of cancer, including consideration of the linear nonthreshold dose-response model and of alternative models such as radiation hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Zanzonico
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Lawrence Dauer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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12
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Baselet B, Rombouts C, Benotmane AM, Baatout S, Aerts A. Cardiovascular diseases related to ionizing radiation: The risk of low-dose exposure (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1623-1641. [PMID: 27748824 PMCID: PMC5117755 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, non-cancer diseases are not considered as health risks following exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Indeed, non-cancer diseases are classified as deterministic tissue reactions, which are characterized by a threshold dose. It is judged that below an absorbed dose of 100 mGy, no clinically relevant tissue damage occurs, forming the basis for the current radiation protection system concerning non-cancer effects. Recent epidemiological findings point, however, to an excess risk of non-cancer diseases following exposure to lower doses of ionizing radiation than was previously thought. The evidence is the most sound for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cataract. Due to limited statistical power, the dose-risk relationship is undetermined below 0.5 Gy; however, if this relationship proves to be without a threshold, it may have considerable impact on current low-dose health risk estimates. In this review, we describe the CVD risk related to low doses of ionizing radiation, the clinical manifestation and the pathology of radiation-induced CVD, as well as the importance of the endothelium models in CVD research as a way forward to complement the epidemiological data with the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Rombouts
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Abderrafi Mohammed Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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13
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Ivanov SD, Bespalov VG, Semenov AL, Kovan’ko EG, Aleksandrov VA. Toxicogenomic Effects in Rat Blood Leukocytes and Chemoprophylaxis of Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:705-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Bespalov VG, Alexandrov VA, Semenov AL, Kovan'Ko EG, Ivanov SD. Anticarcinogenic activity of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, ginseng, eleutherococcus, and leuzea on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in female rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 90:1191-200. [PMID: 24913295 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.932937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To carry out a comparative study of inhibition of radiation carcinogenesis using alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), tinctures of ginseng, eleutherococcus and leuzea in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Locally bred female LIO-strain rats were subjected to a single whole body γ-irradiation dose of 4 Gy at 12 weeks of age. Modifying drugs were given with drinking water from the 10th day after irradiation until the end of the experiment (for 16 months). RESULTS Irradiated rats developed tumors 70.0-79.6% (malignant tumors: 43.7-45.0%) with a multiplicity of 1.48-1.75 (malignant: 0.5-0.58), while in unirradiated animals the incidence of all/malignant tumors was 21.9%/7.7% with multiplicity of 0.22/0.08. In exposed rats tumors most often developed in the mammary gland - 57.3%, reproductive and endocrine organs - 27.2%, and other localizations - 29.1%. All drugs, except leuzea, significantly reduced incidence and multiplicity of tumors, overall or at some localizations in irradiated rats. Highest, and practically equal inhibition, was shown by ginseng and DFMO, while eleutherococcus was clearly inferior. Ginseng reduced overall tumor incidence and multiplicity by 1.5 and 2.4 times, malignant tumor incidence and multiplicity - by 2.5 and 2.9 times, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ginseng extract is the most promising radiation carcinogenesis inhibitor tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Bespalov
- N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , St. Petersburg , Russia
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15
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Radivoyevitch T, Li H, Sachs RK. Etiology and treatment of hematological neoplasms: stochastic mathematical models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:317-46. [PMID: 25480649 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukemias are driven by stemlike cancer cells (SLCC), whose initiation, growth, response to treatment, and posttreatment behavior are often "stochastic", i.e., differ substantially even among very similar patients for reasons not observable with present techniques. We review the probabilistic mathematical methods used to analyze stochastics and give two specific examples. The first example concerns a treatment protocol, e.g., for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where intermittent cytotoxic drug dosing (e.g., once each weekday) is used with intent to cure. We argue mathematically that, if independent SLCC are growing stochastically during prolonged treatment, then, other things being equal, front-loading doses are more effective for tumor eradication than back loading. We also argue that the interacting SLCC dynamics during treatment is often best modeled by considering SLCC in microenvironmental niches, with SLCC-SLCC interactions occurring only among SLCC within the same niche, and we present a stochastic dynamics formalism, involving "Poissonization," applicable in such situations. Interactions at a distance due to partial control of total cell numbers are also considered. The second half of this chapter concerns chromosomal aberrations, lesions known to cause some leukemias. A specific example is the induction of a Philadelphia chromosome by ionizing radiation, subsequent development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), CML treatment, and treatment outcome. This time evolution involves a coordinated sequence of > 10 steps, each stochastic in its own way, at the subatomic, molecular, macromolecular, cellular, tissue, and population scales, with corresponding time scales ranging from picoseconds to decades. We discuss models of these steps and progress in integrating models across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,
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16
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Laiakis EC, Strassburg K, Bogumil R, Lai S, Vreeken RJ, Hankemeier T, Langridge J, Plumb RS, Fornace AJ, Astarita G. Metabolic phenotyping reveals a lipid mediator response to ionizing radiation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4143-54. [PMID: 25126707 PMCID: PMC4156265 DOI: 10.1021/pr5005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation has dramatically increased in modern society, raising serious health concerns. The molecular response to ionizing radiation, however, is still not completely understood. Here, we screened mouse serum for metabolic alterations following an acute exposure to γ radiation using a multiplatform mass-spectrometry-based strategy. A global, molecular profiling revealed that mouse serum undergoes a series of significant molecular alterations following radiation exposure. We identified and quantified bioactive metabolites belonging to key biochemical pathways and low-abundance, oxygenated, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the two groups of animals. Exposure to γ radiation induced a significant increase in the serum levels of ether phosphatidylcholines (PCs) while decreasing the levels of diacyl PCs carrying PUFAs. In exposed mice, levels of pro-inflammatory, oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid increased, whereas levels of anti-inflammatory metabolites of omega-3 PUFAs decreased. Our results indicate a specific serum lipidomic biosignature that could be utilized as an indicator of radiation exposure and as novel target for therapeutic intervention. Monitoring such a molecular response to radiation exposure might have implications not only for radiation pathology but also for countermeasures and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
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17
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Sun Z, AbAziz A, Khairuddin Md Yusof A. Radiation-induced noncancer risks in interventional cardiology: optimisation of procedures and staff and patient dose reduction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:976962. [PMID: 24027768 PMCID: PMC3762166 DOI: 10.1155/2013/976962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about ionizing radiation during interventional cardiology have been increased in recent years as a result of rapid growth in interventional procedure volumes and the high radiation doses associated with some procedures. Noncancer radiation risks to cardiologists and medical staff in terms of radiation-induced cataracts and skin injuries for patients appear clear potential consequences of interventional cardiology procedures, while radiation-induced potential risk of developing cardiovascular effects remains less clear. This paper provides an overview of the evidence-based reviews of concerns about noncancer risks of radiation exposure in interventional cardiology. Strategies commonly undertaken to reduce radiation doses to both medical staff and patients during interventional cardiology procedures are discussed; optimisation of interventional cardiology procedures is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Aini AbAziz
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Uncomfortable issues in radiation protection posed by low-dose radiobiology. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:293-298. [PMID: 23673925 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to stimulate discussion about the relevance for radiation protection of recent findings in low-dose radiobiology. Issues are raised which suggest that low-dose effects are much more complex than has been previously assumed. These include genomic instability, bystander effects, multiple stressor exposures and chronic exposures. To date, these have been accepted as being relevant issues, but there is no clear way to integrate knowledge about these effects into the existing radiation protection framework. A further issue which might actually lead to some fruitful approaches for human radiation protection is the need to develop a new framework for protecting non-human biota. The brainstorming that is being applied to develop effective and practical ways to protect ecosystems widens the debate from the narrow focus of human protection which is currently about protecting humans from radiation-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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19
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Bespalov VG, Aleksandrov VA, Semenov AL, Kovan’ko EG, Ivanov SD. Comparative effects of difluoromethylornithine and siberian ginseng root tincture on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in rats and their lifespan. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057013010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Radivoyevitch T, Hlatky L, Landaw J, Sachs RK. Quantitative modeling of chronic myeloid leukemia: insights from radiobiology. Blood 2012; 119:4363-71. [PMID: 22353999 PMCID: PMC3362357 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-381855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell population dynamics are being developed to improve CML understanding and treatment. We review such models in light of relevant findings from radiobiology, emphasizing 3 points. First, the CML models almost all assert that the latency time, from CML initiation to diagnosis, is at most ∼10 years. Meanwhile, current radiobiologic estimates, based on Japanese atomic bomb survivor data, indicate a substantially higher maximum, suggesting longer-term relapses and extra resistance mutations. Second, different CML models assume different numbers, between 400 and 10(6), of normal HSCs. Radiobiologic estimates favor values>10(6) for the number of normal cells (often assumed to be the HSCs) that are at risk for a CML-initiating BCR-ABL translocation. Moreover, there is some evidence for an HSC dead-band hypothesis, consistent with HSC numbers being very different across different healthy adults. Third, radiobiologists have found that sporadic (background, age-driven) chromosome translocation incidence increases with age during adulthood. BCR-ABL translocation incidence increasing with age would provide a hitherto underanalyzed contribution to observed background adult-onset CML incidence acceleration with age, and would cast some doubt on stage-number inferences from multistage carcinogenesis models in general.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Models, Biological
- Models, Theoretical
- Nuclear Weapons
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Radiobiology/methods
- Recurrence
- Survivors/statistics & numerical data
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Lankarani KB. From hiroshima to fukushima. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 13:528-529. [PMID: 22737522 PMCID: PMC3371996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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