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Liu Y, Feng H, Du J, Yang L, Xue H, Zhang J, Liang YY, Liu Y. Associations between accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm, brain structural and genetic mechanisms, and dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38676558 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM Knowledge of how circadian rhythm influences brain health remains limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm (CRAR) with incident dementia, cognitive dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities in the general population and underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS Fifty-seven thousand five hundred and two participants aged over 60 years with accelerometer data were included to investigate the association of CRAR with incidental dementia. Non-parametric CRAR parameters were utilized, including activity level during active periods of the day (M10), activity level during rest periods of the day (L5), and the relative difference between the M10 and L5 (relative amplitude, RA). Associations of CRAR with cognitive dysfunction and brain structure were studied in a subset of participants. Neuroimaging-transcriptomics analysis was utilized to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Over 6.86 (4.94-8.78) years of follow-up, 494 participants developed dementia. The risk of incident dementia was associated with decreasing M10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45; 95% conference interval [CI], 1.28-1.64) and RA (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28-1.64), increasing L5 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and advanced L5 onset time (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23). The detrimental associations were exacerbated by APOE ε4 status and age (>65 years). Decreased RA was associated with lower processing speed (Beta -0.04; SE 0.011), predominantly mediated by abnormalities in subcortical regions and white matter microstructure. The genes underlying CRAR-related brain regional structure variation were enriched for synaptic function. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the potential of intervention targeting at maintaining a healthy CRAR pattern to prevent dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huachen Xue
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yannis Yan Liang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Psycho-neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Skapetze L, Owino S, Lo EH, Arai K, Merrow M, Harrington M. Rhythms in barriers and fluids: Circadian clock regulation in the aging neurovascular unit. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106120. [PMID: 37044366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is where two very distinct physiological systems meet: The central nervous system (CNS) and the blood. The permeability of the barriers separating these systems is regulated by time, including both the 24 h circadian clock and the longer processes of aging. An endogenous circadian rhythm regulates the transport of molecules across the blood-brain barrier and the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic system. These fluid dynamics change with time of day, and with age, and especially in the context of neurodegeneration. Factors may differ depending on brain region, as can be highlighted by consideration of circadian regulation of the neurovascular niche in white matter. As an example of a potential target for clinical applications, we highlight chaperone-mediated autophagy as one mechanism at the intersection of circadian dysregulation, aging and neurodegenerative disease. In this review we emphasize key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Skapetze
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon Owino
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America.
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Polcari JJ, Cali RJ, Nephew BC, Lu S, Rashkovskii M, Wu J, Saadeh F, Loucks E, King JA. Effects of the Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP) program on depression and neural structural connectivity. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:31-9. [PMID: 35594968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension-related illnesses are a leading cause of disability and death in the United States, where hypertension prevalence in adults is 46%, with only half of those afflicted having it under control. Due to the significant challenges in long-term efficacy and adverse effects associated with pharmacological interventions, there is an eminent need for complimentary approaches for treating hypertension. Although initial studies of the Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction program (MB-BP) indicate that this novel 8-week intervention is effective at inducing lasting decreases in blood pressure, the neural correlates are unknown. METHODS The objectives of this study were to identify structural neural correlates of MB-BP using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) and assess potential correlations with key clinical outcomes. RESULTS In a subset of participants (14 MB-BP, 22 controls) from a larger stage IIa randomized controlled trial, MB-BP participants exhibited increased interoception and decreased depressive symptoms compared to controls. Analyses of DTI data revealed significant group differences in multiple white matter neural tracts associated with the limbic system and/or blood pressure. Specific changes in neural structural connectivity were significantly associated with measures of interoception and depression. LIMITATIONS Limitations include small sample size (leading to insufficient power in the analysis of blood pressure) and the study duration (3 months). The main MRI limitation is suboptimal resolution in areas of extensive neural tract crossings. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that MB-BP induces alterations in brain structural connectivity which could mediate beneficial changes in depression and interoceptive awareness in individuals with hypertension.
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Wu C, McMahon M, Fritz H, Schnyer DM. circadian rhythms are not captured equal: Exploring Circadian metrics extracted by differentcomputational methods from smartphone accelerometer and GPS sensors in daily life tracking. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221114201. [PMID: 35874860 PMCID: PMC9297448 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the differences between circadian rhythm (CR) metrics characterized by different mobile sensors and computational methods. Methods We used smartphone tracking and daily survey data from 225 college student participants, applied four methods (survey construct automation, cosinor regression, non-parametric method, Fourier analysis) on two types of smartphone sensor data (GPS, accelerometer) to characterize CR. We explored the inter-relations among the extracted circadian metrics as well as between the circadian metrics and participants’ self-reported mood and sleep outcomes. Results Compared to GPS signals, smartphone accelerometer activity follows an intradaily distribution that starts earlier in the day, winds down later, reaches half cumulative activity about the same time, conforms less to a sinusoidal wave, and exhibits more intradaily fragmentation but higher CR strength and lower interdaily disruption. We found a notable negative correlation between intradaily variability and CR strength especially pronounced in GPS activity. Self-reported sleep and mood outcomes showed significant correlations with particular CR metrics. Conclusions We revealed significant inter-relations and discrepancies in the circadian metrics discovered from two smartphone sensors and four CR algorithms and their bearings on wellbeing indicators such as sleep quality and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Megan McMahon
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Hagen Fritz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Reyes S, Rimkus CDM, Lozoff B, Algarin C, Peirano P. Nighttime Sleep Characteristics and White Matter Integrity in Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1363-1373. [PMID: 35965887 PMCID: PMC9364986 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s360311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is essential for life and plays a key role for optimal physiology, brain functioning, and health. Evidence suggests a relation between sleep and cerebral white matter integrity. Human studies report that sleep duration shows a U-shaped association with brain functioning. We hypothesized that participants with longer or shorter sleep time in the nighttime period show altered microstructural white matter integrity. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Seventy-three young adult participants were evaluated. Sleep-wake cycle parameters were assessed objectively using actigraphy. Diffusion tensor imaging studies were performed to assess white matter integrity using fractional anisotropy and mean, axial, and radial diffusivities. Relations between white matter microstructure indexes and sleep parameters were investigated through tract-based spatial statistics. Participants were grouped according to their nocturnal total sleep time: 27 in the Reference sleep group (6.5-8.0 h), 23 in the Short sleep group (<6.5 h) and 23 in the Long sleep group (>8.0 h). RESULTS Compared with the Reference sleep group, participants in the Long sleep group showed lower fractional anisotropy (p < 0.05) and higher radial diffusivity (p < 0.05) values in white matter tracts linked to sleep regulation (corona radiata, body of the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and anterior thalamic radiation). CONCLUSION This pattern of reduced fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity in the Long sleep group indicates an association between sleep duration and lower integrity of myelin sheaths. Because myelin is continuously remodeled in the brain, nighttime sleep characteristics appear to be a key player for its quality and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sussanne Reyes
- Laboratory of Sleep and Functional Neurobiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina de Medeiros Rimkus
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-44), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cecilia Algarin
- Laboratory of Sleep and Functional Neurobiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Peirano
- Laboratory of Sleep and Functional Neurobiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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