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Nguyen J, Zhang B, Hanson E, Mylonas D, Maski K. Neurobehavioral Associations with NREM and REM Sleep Architecture in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091322. [PMID: 36138632 PMCID: PMC9497778 DOI: 10.3390/children9091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Insomnia and daytime behavioral problems are common issues in pediatric autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet specific underlying relationships with NonRapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep architecture are understudied. We hypothesize that REM sleep alterations (REM%, REM EEG power) are associated with more internalizing behaviors and NREM sleep deficits (N3%; slow wave activity (SWA) 0.5–3 Hz EEG power) are associated with increased externalizing behaviors in children with ASD vs. typical developing controls (TD). Methods: In an age- and gender-matched pediatric cohort of n = 23 ASD and n = 20 TD participants, we collected macro/micro sleep architecture with overnight home polysomnogram and daytime behavior scores with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores. Results: Controlling for non-verbal IQ and medication use, ASD and TD children have similar REM and NREM sleep architecture. Only ASD children show positive relationships between REM%, REM theta power and REM beta power with internalizing scores. Only TD participants showed an inverse relationship between NREM SWA and externalizing scores. Conclusion: REM sleep measures reflect concerning internalizing behaviours in ASD and could serve as a biomarker for mood disorders in this population. While improving deep sleep may help externalizing behaviours in TD, we do not find evidence of this relationship in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mylonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kiran Maski
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-857-218-5536; Fax: +1-781-216-2518
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