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Menendez HM, Brennan JR, Gaillard C, Ehlert K, Quintana J, Neethirajan S, Remus A, Jacobs M, Teixeira IAMA, Turner BL, Tedeschi LO. ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN ANIMAL NUTRITION: Opportunities and Challenges of Confined and Extensive Precision Livestock Production. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6577180. [PMID: 35511692 PMCID: PMC9171331 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern animal scientists, industry, and managers have never faced a more complex world. Precision livestock technologies have altered management in confined operations to meet production, environmental, and consumer goals. Applications of precision technologies have been limited in extensive systems such as rangelands due to lack of infrastructure, electrical power, communication, and durability. However, advancements in technology have helped to overcome many of these challenges. Investment in precision technologies is growing within the livestock sector, requiring the need to assess opportunities and challenges associated with implementation to enhance livestock production systems. In this review, precision livestock farming and digital livestock farming are explained in the context of a logical and iterative five-step process to successfully integrate precision livestock measurement and management tools, emphasizing the need for precision system models (PSMs). This five-step process acts as a guide to realize anticipated benefits from precision technologies and avoid unintended consequences. Consequently, the synthesis of precision livestock and modeling examples and key case studies help highlight past challenges and current opportunities within confined and extensive systems. Successfully developing PSM requires appropriate model(s) selection that aligns with desired management goals and precision technology capabilities. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the entire system to ensure that precision technology integration achieves desired goals while remaining economically and managerially sustainable. Achieving long-term success using precision technology requires the next generation of animal scientists to obtain additional skills to keep up with the rapid pace of technology innovation. Building workforce capacity and synergistic relationships between research, industry, and managers will be critical. As the process of precision technology adoption continues in more challenging and harsh, extensive systems, it is likely that confined operations will benefit from required advances in precision technology and PSMs, ultimately strengthening the benefits from precision technology to achieve short- and long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Menendez
- Department of Animal Science (Menendez, Brennan, Quintana); Department of Natural Resource Management (Ehlert); South Dakota State University, 711 N. Creek Drive, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57702, USA
| | - J R Brennan
- Department of Animal Science (Menendez, Brennan, Quintana); Department of Natural Resource Management (Ehlert); South Dakota State University, 711 N. Creek Drive, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57702, USA
| | - C Gaillard
- Institut Agro, PEGASE, INRAE, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - K Ehlert
- Department of Animal Science (Menendez, Brennan, Quintana); Department of Natural Resource Management (Ehlert); South Dakota State University, 711 N. Creek Drive, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57702, USA
| | - J Quintana
- Department of Animal Science (Menendez, Brennan, Quintana); Department of Natural Resource Management (Ehlert); South Dakota State University, 711 N. Creek Drive, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57702, USA
| | - Suresh Neethirajan
- Farmworx, Adaptation Physiology, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - A Remus
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - M Jacobs
- FR Analytics B.V., 7642 AP Wierden, The Netherlands
| | - I A M A Teixeira
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA
| | - B L Turner
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Science, and King Ranch® Institute for Ranch Management, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, 700 University Blvd MSC 228, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - L O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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Frisée V, Rigaux G, Dufour P, Barbato O, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Bossaert P, Deleuze S, Cavalier E, Ponthier J. American Bison (Bison bison) reproductive endocrinology: serum Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG), Progesterone, Estrone and Estrone-Sulfate in non pregnant animals and during gestation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106684. [PMID: 34634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes concentrations of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG), progesterone (P4), estrone (E1) and estrone-sulfate (E1S) in American Bison sera. In 2 ranches, mature American Bison were sampled once a year for 2 yr. Subsequent American Bison cows calving days were reported. PAG concentration was determined by Radio-Immuno Assay, whereas P4, E1 and E1S were assayed using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Concentrations were compared between American Bison bulls (B, n = 7), Nonpregnant cows (NP, n = 32), first (1TP, n = 3), second (2TP, n = 26) and third (3TP, n = 15) trimester of pregnancy. Seven American Bison bulls and 92 cows were sampled, 51 calved during these 2 yr. Calving occurred mostly in spring (74.5%), but also in summer (13.7%) and fall (11.8%). PAG and P4 were higher in 2TP and 3TP than B and NP (P< 0.0001). P4 was non-basal in B and NP. E1 and E1S were correlated (P< 0.0001; r = 0.76) and increased in 2TP and 3TP when compared with B and NP (P< 0.01). Moreover, E1S was higher in 3TP than in 2TP (P< 0.0001) and correlated to pregnancy day (P< 0.0001; r = 0.60). Breeding American Bison in Belgium induces a calving seasonality loss. P4 slowly increases in 1TP and remains steady and high in 2 and 3TP. P4 non-basal and variable concentrations in B or NP disable its use as gestation marker. American Bison produce PAG in the 2 and 3TP, but Estrone-sulfate assay seems to be the best pregnancy marker during the 2 last trimesters as it could help to estimate the gestation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Frisée
- Production animals Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - P Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - O Barbato
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Brutinel
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Egyptien
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Bossaert
- Production animals Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Deleuze
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - E Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Ponthier
- Theriogenology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
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Stegemiller MR, Ellison MJ, Hall JB, Sprinkle JE, Murdoch BM. Identifying genetic variants affecting cattle grazing behavior experiencing mild heat load. Transl Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Stegemiller
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Melinda J Ellison
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
- University of Idaho Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, Carmen, ID 83462, USA
| | - John B Hall
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
- University of Idaho Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, Carmen, ID 83462, USA
| | - James E Sprinkle
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
- University of Idaho Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, Carmen, ID 83462, USA
| | - Brenda M Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
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Sprinkle JE, Sagers JK, Hall JB, Ellison MJ, Yelich JV, Brennan JR, Taylor JB, Lamb JB. Protein Supplementation and Grazing Behavior for Cows on Differing Late-Season Rangeland Grazing Systems. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113219. [PMID: 34827951 PMCID: PMC8614474 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cattle grazing late-season dormant rangeland are subject to impaired production due to reduced forage digestibility and a longer residence time of forage in the rumen, leading to reduced forage intake. It is a common practice to provide supplemental protein to help counteract these effects and to improve animal well-being and livestock production. Yet, the usage of supplements has been shown to interrupt and reduce the time spent grazing. These behavioral changes may vary with climate and the frequency and timing of strategic supplementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate how protein supplementation altered grazing behavior when used in both rotationally and continuously grazed dormant pastures. We utilized accelerometers (used in rockets to measure velocity in three directions and in smart phones to rotate the screen) to evaluate cattle behavior (via head movements) every 5 s on a 24 h basis. The cattle altered their grazing behavior in response to climate, supplementation status, and the grazing system. Cattle that were deprived of the protein supplement and stayed in the same continuously grazed pasture showed more restlessness in their behavior, spending more time walking from midnight to 8 a.m. Additionally, the harvest rate of dormant forage increased for the supplemented cattle. Abstract The objective was to determine if low- or high-residual feed intake (LRFI or HRFI, n = 24 for each) Hereford × Angus cows on continuously or rotationally grazed rangeland altered their grazing behavior when provided a protein supplement in late autumn. Treatments included continuously grazed, control (CCON, n = 12); continuously grazed, supplemented (CTRT, n = 12); rotationally grazed, control (RCON, n = 12); and rotationally grazed, supplemented pastures (RTRT, n = 12). Cows in each treatment had grazing time (GT), resting time (RT), and walking time (WLK) measured for 2 years with accelerometers. Bite rate (BR) was also measured. Time distributions of GT and RT differed by year (p < 0.05), being influenced by colder temperatures in 2016. Cattle in 2016 spent more time grazing during early morning and late evening (p < 0.05) and rested more during the day (p < 0.05). In 2017, cattle in the CCON treatment walked more (p < 0.05) during early morning time periods than did the CTRT cattle, indicative of search grazing. All supplemented cattle had greater BR (p < 0.05) than control cattle in 2017. Cattle with increased nutritional demands alter grazing behavior in a compensatory fashion when grazing late-season rangelands.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Sprinkle
- Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, University of Idaho, Carmen, ID 83462, USA; (J.B.H.); (M.J.E.); (J.V.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph K. Sagers
- Jefferson & Clark County Extension, University of Idaho, Rigby, ID 83442, USA;
| | - John B. Hall
- Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, University of Idaho, Carmen, ID 83462, USA; (J.B.H.); (M.J.E.); (J.V.Y.)
| | - Melinda J. Ellison
- Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, University of Idaho, Carmen, ID 83462, USA; (J.B.H.); (M.J.E.); (J.V.Y.)
| | - Joel V. Yelich
- Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, University of Idaho, Carmen, ID 83462, USA; (J.B.H.); (M.J.E.); (J.V.Y.)
| | - Jameson R. Brennan
- West River Research & Extension Center, South Dakota State University, Rapid City, SD 57702, USA;
| | - Joshua B. Taylor
- U. S. Sheep Experiment Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Dubois, ID 83423, USA;
| | - James B. Lamb
- Formerly Furst-McNess Company, Currently Intermountain Farmers Association, Rexburg, ID 83440, USA;
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