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Bourdier P, Simon C, Bessesen DH, Blanc S, Bergouignan A. The role of physical activity in the regulation of body weight: The overlooked contribution of light physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13528. [PMID: 36394185 PMCID: PMC10910694 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of physical activity (PA) in the regulation of body weight is still a major topic of debate. This may be because studies have essentially focused on the effects of moderate/vigorous PA (MVPA) on body weight while overlooking the other components of PA, namely, light-intensity PA (LPA, daily life activities) and sedentary behaviors (SB, too much sitting). In this review, we will (i) describe the history of changes in PA behaviors that occurred with modernization; (ii) review data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that examined the associations between PA, SB, and measures of obesity; (iii) review interventional studies that investigated the effects of changes in PA and SB on body weight and adiposity; and (iv) discuss experimental studies that addressed potential biological mechanisms underlying the effects of PA and SB on weight regulation. Overall recent findings support the importance of considering all components of PA to better understand the regulation of energy balance and suggest an important role for LPA and SB in addition to MVPA on body weight regulation. Longitudinal large-scale rigorous studies are needed to advance our knowledge of the role of PA/SB in combating the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdier
- CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRAE 1397, University of Lyon, Oullins, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Xue Q, Li X, Ma H, Zhou T, Heianza Y, Rood JC, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes in pedometer-measured physical activity are associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to reduced-energy diet interventions: The POUNDS Lost trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1000-1009. [PMID: 35112774 PMCID: PMC9035092 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether changes in objectively measured physical activity (PA) are associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diet interventions. METHODS This study included 535 participants with overweight/ obesity, who were randomly assigned to four weight-loss diets varying in macronutrients. PA was measured objectively with pedometers, and body composition and fat distribution were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans at baseline, 6 months and 24 months. RESULTS From baseline to 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, each 1000-steps/d increment in PA was associated with a greater reduction in body weight (β[SE] = -0.48[0.11]) and waist circumference (β[SE] = -0.49[0.12]). Similar inverse associations were found in changes in body composition and fat distribution (P < 0.05 and false discovery rate qvalue < 0.1 for all). The trajectory of the above adiposity measures across the 24-month intervention period differed between the patterns of PA change. Participants with the largest increase in PA maintained their weight loss from 6 months to 24 months, while those with a smaller increase in PA regained their weight. In addition, dietary fat or protein intake significantly modified the associations between changes in PA and changes in body weight and waist circumference over 24 months (P∆PA*diet < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Changes in objectively measured PA were inversely related to changes in body weight, body composition and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diets, and such associations were more evident in people on a high-fat or average-protein diet compared with a low-fat or high-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jennifer C. Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Knell G, Li Q, Morales-Marroquin E, Drope J, Gabriel KP, Shuval K. Physical Activity, Sleep, and Sedentary Behavior among Successful Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers: Findings from a U.S. National Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115557. [PMID: 34067414 PMCID: PMC8196944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite adults’ desire to reduce body mass (weight) for numerous health benefits, few are able to successfully lose at least 5% of their starting weight. There is evidence on the independent associations of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep with weight loss; however, this study provided insight on the combined effects of these behaviors on long-term body weight loss success. Hence, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the joint relations of sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors with successful long-term weight loss. Data are from the 2005–2006 wave of the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES). Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured with an accelerometer, whereas sleep time was self-reported. Physical activity and sleep were dichotomized into meeting guidelines (active/not active, ideal sleep/short sleep), and sedentary time was categorized into prolonged sedentary time (4th quartile) compared to low sedentary time (1st–3rd quartiles). The dichotomized behaviors were combined to form 12 unique behavioral combinations. Two-step multivariable regression models were used to determine the associations between the behavioral combinations with (1) long-term weight loss success (≥5% body mass reduction for ≥12-months) and (2) the amount of body mass reduction among those who were successful. After adjustment for relevant factors, there were no significant associations between any of the independent body weight loss behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep) and successful long-term weight loss. However, after combining the behaviors, those who were active (≥150 min MVPA weekly), regardless of their sedentary time, were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to have long-term weight loss success compared to the inactive and sedentary referent group. These results should be confirmed in longitudinal analyses, including investigation of characteristics of waking (type, domain, and context) and sleep (quality metrics) behaviors for their association with long-term weight loss success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Knell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Children’s Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX 75024, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-972-546-2943
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Elisa Morales-Marroquin
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Kerem Shuval
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Chopra S, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Sarkar S, Siddhu A, Kumari A, Kaloiya GS, Kumar A. Predictors of successful weight loss outcomes amongst individuals with obesity undergoing lifestyle interventions: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13148. [PMID: 33200547 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the predictors of weight loss with lifestyle interventions can help to ascertain the probable outcomes of individuals with obesity who undergo such interventions. This systematic review assessed the evidence of predictors of successful weight loss among individuals who are overweight or with obesity undergoing lifestyle interventions. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, PsychInfo and Wiley) were searched to find relevant literature published in the past 20 years. A total of 1351 titles were identified in the initial search, of which 23 studies were finally included. Predictors were synthesized in the domains of socio-demographic factors, anthropometric parameters, psychological and behavioural factors and intervention-based factors. The overall quality of evidence on predictors was then appraised using an adapted GRADE approach. Patient-specific factors such as being male, older in age, having existing cardiometabolic comorbidities and limited fat intake were significantly associated with weight loss success. Amongst intervention specific predictors, greater initial weight loss and higher adherence to lifestyle advice were associated with greater weight loss success. In this review, initial weight loss came out to be as the most important predictor of successful weight loss outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupa Siddhu
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Leisure Sedentary Behavior Levels and Meeting Program Goals in a Community Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention. J Phys Act Health 2020; 18:44-51. [PMID: 33361473 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of leisure sedentary behavior (LSB) change in diabetes prevention efforts is not well known. This study examines the relationships between changes in self-reported LSB and the primary intervention goals (weight and moderate-intensity to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA]) during a community-based translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (the Group Lifestyle Balance Program). METHODS A total of 322 adults at risk for type 2 diabetes were recruited from 3 community centers, a worksite, and military site. Community and worksite participants were randomized to immediate or delayed-delivery (control) intervention. All military site participants (n = 99) received immediate intervention. Logistic and linear generalized estimating equations were used to determine associations between LSB changes and weight-related outcomes and MVPA. RESULTS Results were obtained for 259 (80.4%) participants. The LSB decreased after 6 and 12 months (mean [95% confidence interval]: -25.7 [-38.6 to -12.8] and -16.1 [-28.2 to -3.9] min/d; both P < .05). Each 20-minute reduction in LSB was associated with a 5% increase in odds of meeting the weight-loss goal (6 mo: odds ratio = 1.05 [1.002 to 1.102]; P = .042; adjusted model including MVPA), but LSB was not related to changes in reported MVPA minutes or MVPA goal achievement. CONCLUSION Within the context of existing lifestyle intervention programs, reducing sedentary behavior has the potential to contribute to weight loss separately from reported MVPA improvement.
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Forseth B, Papanek PE, Polfuss ML. Feasibility and applicability of Evenson sedentary behavior cut points applied to children with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:1996-2001. [PMID: 32907409 PMCID: PMC7943654 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1817160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sedentary behavior (SB) is widely studied as it is associated with cardiometabolic health and obesity issues. However, children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) have been understudied. Accelerometers are commonly used to measure SB in typically developing populations but may be inappropriate for IDD populations due to differences in body movement and physiologic responses to the activity. The use of Evenson sedentary cut-points, created based on typically developing children, has yet to be applied and/or examined in children with IDD. PURPOSE A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to (1) Assess the feasibility of applying Evenson sedentary cut-points in children with IDD (2) Describe SB over a two-week period between diagnosis groups. METHODS The SB of 22 participants (8 children with Down syndrome, 6 children with spina bifida, 8 children with no chronic illness) was assessed on two separate occasions: (1) during a 7-minute sedentary protocol, and (2) over a two-week period. RESULTS The study supports the preliminary efficacy of using Evenson cut-points for this population, with 100% of participants being within the Evenson counts per minute (0-100 cpm) during the 7-minute sedentary protocol. The total volume of SB over a two-week period was not significantly different between diagnosis groups (8.8 h, 8.6 h, and 7.1 h of SB for children with Down syndrome, spina bifida, or those with no chronic illness, respectively; p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS Evenson sedentary cut-points can be used for children with IDD. Preliminary data suggest that children with IDD do not engage in significantly different SB than children without a chronic illness. Further study is warranted.Implications for rehabilitationObjective measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior for children with Down syndrome or spina bifida are rarely used due to potential differences in body movement (e.g., gait) during ambulation compared to typically developing peers that may influence the accuracy of cut-points.This study supports that Evenson sedentary cut-points can be used in children with Down syndrome or spina bifida to assess sedentary activity.Preliminary findings from this study demonstrate similarities in patterns of sedentary behaviors exhibited by our sample of children with Down syndrome, spina bifida, or no chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Forseth
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paula E Papanek
- Exercise Science/CTRH, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michele L Polfuss
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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