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Pekec T, Lewandowski J, Komur AA, Sobańska D, Guo Y, Świtońska-Kurkowska K, Małecki JM, Dubey AA, Pokrzywa W, Frankowski M, Figiel M, Ciosk R. Ferritin-mediated iron detoxification promotes hypothermia survival in Caenorhabditis elegans and murine neurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4883. [PMID: 35986016 PMCID: PMC9391379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How animals rewire cellular programs to survive cold is a fascinating problem with potential biomedical implications, ranging from emergency medicine to space travel. Studying a hibernation-like response in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncovered a regulatory axis that enhances the natural resistance of nematodes to severe cold. This axis involves conserved transcription factors, DAF-16/FoxO and PQM-1, which jointly promote cold survival by upregulating FTN-1, a protein related to mammalian ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). Moreover, we show that inducing expression of FTH1 also promotes cold survival of mammalian neurons, a cell type particularly sensitive to deterioration in hypothermia. Our findings in both animals and cells suggest that FTN-1/FTH1 facilitates cold survival by detoxifying ROS-generating iron species. We finally show that mimicking the effects of FTN-1/FTH1 with drugs protects neurons from cold-induced degeneration, opening a potential avenue to improved treatments of hypothermia. Strategies to improve cold resistance are of potential biomedical interest. Here the authors demonstrate that ferritin-mediated detoxification of iron, preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species, promotes cold survival in both Caenorhabditis elegans and cultured mammalian neurons.
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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Sousa-Silva C, Seager S. Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:885-902. [PMID: 30896974 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element for all life on Earth, yet trivalent phosphorus (e.g., in phosphines) appears to be almost completely absent from biology. Instead phosphorus is utilized by life almost exclusively as phosphate, apart from a small contingent of other pentavalent phosphorus compounds containing structurally similar chemical groups. In this work, we address four previously stated arguments as to why life does not explore trivalent phosphorus: (1) precedent (lack of confirmed instances of trivalent phosphorus in biochemicals suggests that life does not have the means to exploit this chemistry), (2) thermodynamic limitations (synthesizing trivalent phosphorus compounds is too energetically costly), (3) stability (phosphines are too reactive and readily oxidize in an oxygen (O2)-rich atmosphere), and (4) toxicity (the trivalent phosphorus compounds are broadly toxic). We argue that the first two of these arguments are invalid, and the third and fourth arguments only apply to the O2-rich environment of modern Earth. Specifically, both the reactivity and toxicity of phosphines are specific to aerobic life and strictly dependent on O2-rich environment. We postulate that anaerobic life persisting in anoxic (O2-free) environments may exploit trivalent phosphorus chemistry much more extensively. We review the production of trivalent phosphorus compounds by anaerobic organisms, including phosphine gas and an alkyl phosphine, phospholane. We suggest that the failure to find more such compounds in modern terrestrial life may be a result of the strong bias of the search for natural products toward aerobic organisms. We postulate that a more thorough identification of metabolites of the anaerobic biosphere could reveal many more trivalent phosphorus compounds. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our work for the origin and early evolution of life, and suggest that trivalent phosphorus compounds could be valuable markers for both extraterrestrial life and the Shadow Biosphere on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Sousa-Silva
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Seager
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 3Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 4Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Yang CL, Zhu HY, Zhang F. Comparative Proteomics Analysis Between the Short-Term Stress and Long-Term Adaptation of the Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in Response to Beta-Cypermethrin. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1396-1402. [PMID: 30835785 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic method combining two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry was used to compare the hemolymph expression profiles of a beta-cypermethrin-resistant Blattella germanica L. strain (R) and a susceptible strain (S) after 24 h of beta-cypermethrin induction. The results showed that there were 42 differentially expressed proteins after induction of the R strain: 4 proteins were upregulated and 38 proteins were downregulated. One hundred one hemolymph proteins were differentially expressed after induction of the S strain: 53 proteins were upregulated and 48 proteins were downregulated. The identified proteins were mainly classified into the following categories: energy metabolism proteins such as arginine kinase and triose phosphate isomerase, detoxification-related proteins such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), signal molecule-regulated proteins such as nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and other proteins such as kinetic-related proteins and gene expression-related proteins. Several proteins show significant differences in response to short-term stress and long-term adaptation, and differential expression of these proteins reflects an overall change in cellular structure and metabolism associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. In summary, our research has improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of beta-cypermethrin resistance in German cockroaches, which will facilitate the development of rational methods to improve the management of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People of Republic of China
| | - Hai Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People of Republic of China
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Garrett KK, Frawley KL, Carpenter Totoni S, Bae Y, Peterson J, Pearce LL. Antidotal Action of Some Gold(I) Complexes toward Phosphine Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1310-1316. [PMID: 31070361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) poisoning continues to be a serious problem worldwide, for which there is no antidote currently available. An invertebrate model for examining potential toxicants and their putative antidotes has been used to determine if a strategy of using Au(I) complexes as phosphine-scavenging compounds may be antidotally beneficial. When Galleria mellonella larvae (or wax worms) were subjected to phosphine exposures of 4300 (±700) ppm·min over a 20 min time span, they became immobile (paralyzed) for ∼35 min. The administration of Au(I) complexes auro-sodium bisthiosulfate (AuTS), aurothioglucose (AuTG), and sodium aurothiomalate (AuTM) 5 min prior to phosphine exposure resulted in a drastic reduction in the recovery time (0-4 min). When the putative antidotes were given 10 min after the phosphine exposure, all the antidotes were therapeutic, resulting in mean recovery times of 14, 17, and 19 min for AuTS, AuTG, and AuTM, respectively. Since AuTS proved to be the best therapeutic agent in the G. mellonella model, it was subsequently tested in mice using a behavioral assessment (pole-climbing test). Mice given AuTS (50 mg/kg) 5 min prior to a 3200 (±500) ppm·min phosphine exposure exhibited behavior comparable to mice not exposed to phosphine. However, when mice were given a therapeutic dose of AuTS (50 mg/kg) 1 min after a similar phosphine exposure, only a very modest improvement in performance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Garrett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Kristin L Frawley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Samantha Carpenter Totoni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Yookyung Bae
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
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Li Y, Zhao C. Enhancing Water Oxidation Catalysis on a Synergistic Phosphorylated NiFe Hydroxide by Adjusting Catalyst Wettability. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Li
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest in computer-aided rapid data acquisition to increase the potential throughput and reduce the labour costs of large scale Caenorhabditis elegans studies. We present Automated WormScan, a low-cost, high-throughput automated system using commercial photo scanners, which is extremely easy to implement and use, capable of scoring tens of thousands of organisms per hour with minimal operator input, and is scalable. The method does not rely on software training for image recognition, but uses the generation of difference images from sequential scans to identify moving objects. This approach results in robust identification of worms with little computational demand. We demonstrate the utility of the system by conducting toxicity, growth and fecundity assays, which demonstrate the consistency of our automated system, the quality of the data relative to manual scoring methods and congruity with previously published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Puckering
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Jake Thompson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sushruth Sathyamurthy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sinduja Sukumar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tirosh Shapira
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
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Baghaei A, Solgi R, Jafari A, Abdolghaffari AH, Golaghaei A, Asghari MH, Baeeri M, Ostad SN, Sharifzadeh M, Abdollahi M. Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protection of cardiomyocytes from phosphine-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by acetyl-L-carnitine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:30-37. [PMID: 26773361 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on pathologic changes of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, ATP production, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis/necrosis induced by aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning. The study groups included: the Sham that received almond oil only; the AlP that received oral LD50 dose of aluminum; the AC-100, AC-200, and AC-300 which received concurrent oral LD50 dose of AlP and single 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of ALCAR by intraperitoneal injection. After 24 h, the rats were sacrificed; the heart and blood sample were taken for measurement of biochemical and mitochondrial factors. The results specified that ALCAR significantly attenuated the oxidative stress (elevated ROS and plasma iron levels) caused by AlP poisoning. ALCAR also increased the activity of cytochrome oxidase, which in turn amplified ATP production. Furthermore, flow cytometric assays and caspase activity indicated that ALCAR prohibited AlP-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Baghaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Reza Solgi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Golaghaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; and Poisoning & Toxicology Research Center; and Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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James SA, Roberts BR, Hare DJ, de Jonge MD, Birchall IE, Jenkins NL, Cherny RA, Bush AI, McColl G. Direct in vivo imaging of ferrous iron dyshomeostasis in ageing Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2952-2962. [PMID: 28706676 PMCID: PMC5490054 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for eukaryotic biochemistry. Systematic trafficking and storage is required to maintain supply of iron while preventing it from catalysing unwanted reactions, particularly the generation of oxidising reactive species. Iron dyshomeostasis has been implicated in major age-associated diseases including cancers, neurodegeneration and heart disease. Here, we employ population-level X-ray fluorescence imaging and native-metalloproteomic analysis to determine that altered iron coordination and distribution is a pathological imperative of ageing in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our approach provides a method to simultaneously study iron metabolism across different scales of biological organisation, from populations to cells. Here we report how and where iron homeostasis is lost during C. elegans ageing, and its relationship to the age-related elevation of damaging reactive oxygen species. We find that wild types utilise ferritin to sustain longevity, buffering against exogenous iron and showing rapid ageing if ferritin is ablated. After reproduction, escape of iron from safe-storage in ferritin raised cellular Fe2+ load in the ageing C. elegans, and increased generation of reactive species. These findings support the hypothesis that iron-mediated processes drive senescence. We propose that loss of iron homeostasis may be a fundamental and inescapable consequence of ageing that could represent a critical target for therapeutic strategies to improve health outcomes in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A James
- Australian Synchrotron , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Dominic J Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , New South Wales , Australia
- Exposure Biology Laboratory , Lautenberg Environment Health Sciences Laboratory , Department of Preventive Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Ian E Birchall
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Nicole L Jenkins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Robert A Cherny
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
| | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria , Australia 3052 . ; ; Tel: +61 3 9035 6608
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Quach TK, Chou HT, Wang K, Milledge GZ, Johnson CM. Genome-wide microarrray analysis reveals roles for the REF-1 family member HLH-29 in ferritin synthesis and peroxide stress response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59719. [PMID: 23533643 PMCID: PMC3606163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, the six proteins that make up the REF-1 family have been identified as functional homologs of the Hairy/Enhancer of Split (HES) proteins. These transcription factors act in both Notch dependent and Notch-independent pathways to regulate embryonic events during development; however, their post-embryonic functions are not well defined. As a first step toward understanding how the REF-1 family works together to coordinate post-embryonic events, we used gene expression microarray analysis to identify transcriptional targets of HLH-29 in L4/young adult stage animals. Here we show that HLH-29 targets are genes needed for the regulation of growth and lifespan, including genes required for oxidative stress response and fatty acid metabolism, and the ferritin genes, ftn-1 and ftn-2. We show that HLH-29 regulates ftn-1 expression via promoter sequences upstream of the iron-dependent element that is recognized by the hypoxia inducible factor, HIF-1. Additionally, hlh-29 mutants are more resistant to peroxide stress than wild-type animals and ftn-1(RNAi) animals, even in the presence of excess iron. Finally we show that HLH-29 acts parallel to DAF-16 but upstream of the microphthalmia transcription factor ortholog, HLH-30, to regulate ftn-1 expression under normal growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh K. Quach
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Han Ting Chou
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gaolin Zheng Milledge
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, North Carolina Central University Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Casonya M. Johnson
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mau YS, Collins PJ, Daglish GJ, Nayak MK, Pavic H, Ebert PR. The rph1 gene is a common contributor to the evolution of phosphine resistance in independent field isolates of Rhyzopertha dominica. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31541. [PMID: 22363668 PMCID: PMC3282749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the only economically viable fumigant for routine control of insect pests of stored food products, but its continued use is now threatened by the world-wide emergence of high-level resistance in key pest species. Phosphine has a unique mode of action relative to well-characterised contact pesticides. Similarly, the selective pressures that lead to resistance against field sprays differ dramatically from those encountered during fumigation. The consequences of these differences have not been investigated adequately. We determine the genetic basis of phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica strains collected from New South Wales and South Australia and compare this with resistance in a previously characterised strain from Queensland. The resistance levels range from 225 and 100 times the baseline response of a sensitive reference strain. Moreover, molecular and phenotypic data indicate that high-level resistance was derived independently in each of the three widely separated geographical regions. Despite the independent origins, resistance was due to two interacting genes in each instance. Furthermore, complementation analysis reveals that all three strains contain an incompletely recessive resistance allele of the autosomal rph1 resistance gene. This is particularly noteworthy as a resistance allele at rph1 was previously proposed to be a necessary first step in the evolution of high-level resistance. Despite the capacity of phosphine to disrupt a wide range of enzymes and biological processes, it is remarkable that the initial step in the selection of resistance is so similar in isolated outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep S. Mau
- School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
| | - Patrick J. Collins
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Daglish
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Manoj K. Nayak
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hervoika Pavic
- Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kell DB. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:2. [PMID: 19133145 PMCID: PMC2672098 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular 'reactive oxygen species' (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. REVIEW We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation).The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible.This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, since in some circumstances (especially the presence of poorly liganded iron) molecules that are nominally antioxidants can actually act as pro-oxidants. The reduction of redox stress thus requires suitable levels of both antioxidants and effective iron chelators. Some polyphenolic antioxidants may serve both roles.Understanding the exact speciation and liganding of iron in all its states is thus crucial to separating its various pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Redox stress, innate immunity and pro- (and some anti-)inflammatory cytokines are linked in particular via signalling pathways involving NF-kappaB and p38, with the oxidative roles of iron here seemingly involved upstream of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) reaction. In a number of cases it is possible to identify mechanisms by which ROSs and poorly liganded iron act synergistically and autocatalytically, leading to 'runaway' reactions that are hard to control unless one tackles multiple sites of action simultaneously. Some molecules such as statins and erythropoietin, not traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, do indeed have 'pleiotropic' anti-inflammatory effects that may be of benefit here. CONCLUSION Overall we argue, by synthesising a widely dispersed literature, that the role of poorly liganded iron has been rather underappreciated in the past, and that in combination with peroxide and superoxide its activity underpins the behaviour of a great many physiological processes that degrade over time. Understanding these requires an integrative, systems-level approach that may lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Valmas N, Zuryn S, Ebert PR. Mitochondrial uncouplers act synergistically with the fumigant phosphine to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and cause cell death. Toxicology 2008; 252:33-9. [PMID: 18755236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for the protection of stored commodities against insect pests, especially food products such as grain. However, pest insects are developing resistance to phosphine and thereby threatening its future use. As phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and reduces the strength of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), we reasoned that mitochondrial uncouplers should act synergistically with phosphine. The mitochondrial uncouplers FCCP and PCP caused complete mortality in populations of both wild-type and phosphine-resistant lines of Caenorhabditis elegans simultaneously exposed to uncoupler and phosphine at concentrations that were individually nonlethal. Strong synergism was also observed with a third uncoupler DNP. We have also tested an alternative complex IV inhibitor, azide, with FCCP and found that this also caused a synergistic enhancement of toxicity in C. elegans. To investigate potential causes of the synergism, we measured DeltaPsi(m), ATP content, and oxidative damage (lipid hydroperoxides) in nematodes subjected to phosphine-FCCP treatment and found that neither an observed 50% depletion in ATP nor oxidative stress accounted for the synergistic effect. Instead, a synergistic reduction in DeltaPsi(m) was observed upon phosphine-FCCP co-treatment suggesting that this is directly responsible for the subsequent mortality. These results support the hypothesis that phosphine-induced mortality results from the in vivo disruption of normal mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, we have identified a novel pathway that can be targeted to overcome genetic resistance to phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Valmas
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Park BS, Lee BH, Kim TW, Ren Y, Lee SE. Proteomic evaluation of adults of Rhyzopertha dominica resistant to phosphine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 25:121-126. [PMID: 21783845 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic study using a PH(3)-susceptible (RD2) and -resistant strain (CRD343) of Rhyzopertha dominica was undertaken to validate the relation between change of proteins and PH(3) resistance. Protein expression levels were compared using PD-Quest program after two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. Comparing the intensity of proteins, 15 proteins decreased and 6 proteins were newly expressed in CRD343. After MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS analyses, the decreased proteins were identified as arginine kinases, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, Hsp60, reverse transcriptase, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase and hypothetical proteins. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is involved in the Krebs cycle and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase are involved in the glycolysis pathway. Among up-regulated proteins, sodium channel, glutamate racemase, enolase and vitellogenin were identified. Taken together, PH(3) affected glycolysis as well as Krebs cycle and the induction of enolase might recover this dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeoung-Soo Park
- Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Kyonggi-Do 456-749, Republic of Korea
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