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Newborn infant skin gene expression: Remarkable differences versus adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258554. [PMID: 34665817 PMCID: PMC8525758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, human infants are poised to survive in harsh, hostile conditions. An understanding of the state of newborn skin development and maturation is key to the maintenance of health, optimum response to injury, healing and disease. The observational study collected full-thickness newborn skin samples from 27 infants at surgery and compared them to skin samples from 43 adult sites protected from ultraviolet radiation exposure, as the standard for stable, mature skin. Transcriptomics profiling and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Statistical analysis established over 25,000 differentially regulated probe sets, representing 10,647 distinct genes, in infant skin compared to adult skin. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a significant increase in 143 biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01) in infant skin, versus adult skin samples, including extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell adhesion, collagen fibril organization and fatty acid metabolic process. ECM organization and ECM structure organization were the biological processes in infant skin with the lowest adjusted P-value. Genes involving epidermal development, immune function, cell differentiation, and hair cycle were overexpressed in adults, representing 101 significantly enriched biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01). The processes with the highest significant difference were skin and epidermal development, e.g., keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization and cornification intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and hair cycle. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes also involved immune function, including antigen processing and presentation. When compared to ultraviolet radiation-protected adult skin, our results provide essential insight into infant skin and its ability to support the newborn's preparedness to survive and flourish, despite the infant's new environment laden with microbes, high oxygen tension and potential irritants. This fundamental knowledge is expected to guide strategies to protect and preserve the features of unperturbed, young skin.
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Cronjé TF, Gaynor PT. Electroporation of Ishikawa cells: analysis by flow cytometry. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:58-65. [PMID: 30964039 PMCID: PMC8676626 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation facilitates loading of cells with molecules and substances that are normally membrane impermeable. Flow cytometry is used in this study to examine the effects of the application of electroporation-level monopolar electric field pulses of varying electrical field strength on Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Analysis of the fluorescence versus forward scatter plots corroborates the well-recognised threshold and cell size dependence characteristics of electroporation, but also shows the progression of cell lysis and generation of particulate material. Two 500 µs monopolar rectangular pulses ranging from 1.0 × 105 to 2.5 × 105 V/m were used to electroporate the cells. Electroporation yields (fraction of viable cells exhibiting significant propidium iodide uptake) ranged from 0 to 97%, with viability ranging between 78 and 34% over the electric field strength range tested. The higher electric field strength pulses not only reduced cell viability, but also generated a substantial amount of sub-cellular sized particulate material indicating cells have been physically disrupted enough to create these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Cronjé
- Department of Engineering and Architectural Studies, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Paul T Gaynor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Melissa PSW, Phelim YVC, Navaratnam V, Yoke Yin C. DNA Microarray Analysis of Estrogen Responsive Genes in Ishikawa Cells by Glabridin. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2017; 10:1178626417721676. [PMID: 28804245 PMCID: PMC5533267 DOI: 10.1177/1178626417721676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previous study, glabridin displayed a dose-dependent increase in estrogenic activity and cell proliferative activity in Ishikawa cells. However, when treated in combination with 17β-E2, synergistic estrogenic effect was observed but without the same synergistic increase in cell proliferative effect. This study aimed to identify the estrogen and nonestrogen-regulated activities induced by glabridin and in combination with 17β-E2 in comparison with 17β-E2. The results showed that 10 µM glabridin and the combination treatment of 100 nM glabridin with 1 nM 17β-E2 regulated both the genomic and nongenomic estrogen pathways to possibly provide benefits of estrogens in cardiovascular, circulatory, and vasculature systems. Meanwhile, the combination of 100 nM glabridin with 1 nM 17β-E2 seems to be more suitable to be used as an estrogen replacement. Finally, the results of this study have added on to the present knowledge of glabridin’s function as a phytoestrogen and suggested new ideas for the usage of glabridin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh Su Wei Melissa
- Division of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yong Voon Chen Phelim
- Division of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Chia Yoke Yin
- Division of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Miller MM, Alyea RA, LeSommer C, Doheny DL, Rowley SM, Childs KM, Balbuena P, Ross SM, Dong J, Sun B, Andersen MA, Clewell RA. Editor's Highlight: Development of an In vitro Assay Measuring Uterine-Specific Estrogenic Responses for Use in Chemical Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:162-173. [PMID: 27503385 PMCID: PMC5091368 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A toxicity pathway approach was taken to develop an in vitro assay using human uterine epithelial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) cells as a replacement for measuring an in vivo uterotrophic response to estrogens. The Ishikawa cell was determined to be fit for the purpose of recapitulating in vivo uterine response by verifying fidelity of the biological pathway components and the dose-response predictions to women of child-bearing age. Expression of the suite of estrogen receptors that control uterine proliferation (ERα66, ERα46, ERα36, ERβ, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)) were confirmed across passages and treatment conditions. Phenotypic responses to ethinyl estradiol (EE) from transcriptional activation of ER-mediated genes, to ALP enzyme induction and cellular proliferation occurred at concentrations consistent with estrogenic activity in adult women (low picomolar). To confirm utility of this model to predict concentration-response for uterine proliferation with xenobiotics, we tested the concentration-response for compounds with known uterine estrogenic activity in humans and compared the results to assays from the ToxCast and Tox21 suite of estrogen assays. The Ishikawa proliferation assay was consistent with in vivo responses and was a more sensitive measure of uterine response. Because this assay was constructed by first mapping the key molecular events for cellular response, and then ensuring that the assay incorporated these events, the resulting cellular assay should be a reliable tool for identifying estrogenic compounds and may provide improved quantitation of chemical concentration response for in vitro-based safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Miller
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Alyea
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Caroline LeSommer
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sean M Rowley
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kristin M Childs
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Pergentino Balbuena
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Susan M Ross
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jian Dong
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Bin Sun
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Melvin A Andersen
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Clewell
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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5
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Naciff JM, Khambatta ZS, Carr GJ, Tiesman JP, Singleton DW, Khan SA, Daston GP. Dose- and Time-Dependent Transcriptional Response of Ishikawa Cells Exposed to Genistein. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:71-87. [PMID: 26865667 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To further define the utility of the Ishikawa cells as a reliable in vitro model to determine the potential estrogenic activity of chemicals of interest, transcriptional changes induced by genistein (GES) in Ishikawa cells at various doses (10 pM, 1 nM, 100 nM, and 10 μM) and time points (8, 24, and 48 h) were identified using a comprehensive microarray approach. Trend analysis indicated that the expression of 5342 unique genes was modified by GES in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P ≤ 0.0001). However, the majority of gene expression changes induced in Ishikawa cells were elicited by the highest dose of GES evaluated (10 μM). The GES' estrogenic activity was identified by comparing the Ishikawa cells' response to GES versus 17 α-ethynyl estradiol (EE, at equipotent doses, ie, 10 μM vs 1 μM, respectively) and was defined by changes in the expression of 284 unique genes elicited by GES and EE in the same direction, although the magnitude of the change for some genes was different. Further, comparing the response of the Ishikawa cells exposed to high doses of GES and EE versus the response of the juvenile rat uterus exposed to EE, we identified 66 unique genes which were up- or down regulated in a similar manner in vivo as well as in vitro Genistein elicits changes in multiple molecular pathways affecting various biological processes particularly associated with cell organization and biogenesis, regulation of translation, cell proliferation, and intracellular transport; processes also affected by estrogen exposure in the uterus of the rat. These results indicate that Ishikawa cells are capable of generating a biologically relevant estrogenic response and offer an in vitro model to assess this mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Naciff
- *Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Zubin S Khambatta
- *Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Gregory J Carr
- *Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - Jay P Tiesman
- *Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | - David W Singleton
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Sohaib A Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - George P Daston
- *Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040
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Chen Y, Huang Q, Chen Q, Lin Y, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhu M, Dong S. The inflammation and estrogen metabolism impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls on endometrial cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:308-13. [PMID: 25433332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bio-accumulative chemicals that provoke a wide range of toxic effects. Their adverse impacts on the reproductive system are of great concern, however, the effects of PCBs on endometrium are still unclear. In the study, the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cells were exposed to both dioxin-like CB126 and non-dioxin-like CB153 at the nominal concentrations of 0.3, 3, and 30μM. The inflammatory and endocrine effects were detected after treatment by PCBs. Results showed that CB126 stimulated the proliferation of Ishikawa cells at lower concentrations of 0.3 and 3μM. By contrast, CB153 did not affect the viability of the cells. Both congeners exerted the stimulatory effects on the enzymatic activity of SOD1. CB126 decreased the abundance of Interleukin-8 both at the mRNA and protein levels. Blocking of estrogen receptor or aryl hydrocarbon receptor by the antagonist abolished the effects of CB126 on the expressions of inflammatory factors. The levels of testosterone and 17beta-estradiol were not changed after exposure to lower doses of PCBs. In accordance, PCBs did not affect the mRNA expressions of estrogen metabolism-related genes. In all, our study revealed that PCBs affected the expression of inflammatory factors through ER and AHR receptors, however, no toxic effects were observed on estrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
| | - Qionghua Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Xia Sun
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Huanteng Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Maobi Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
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7
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Sahu SC, O'Donnell MW, Sprando RL. Interactive toxicity of usnic acid and lipopolysaccharides in human liver HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:739-49. [PMID: 22777745 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA), a natural botanical product, is a constituent of some dietary supplements used for weight loss. It has been associated with clinical hepatotoxicity leading to liver failure in humans. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the interactive toxicity, if any, of UA with lipopolysaccarides (LPS), a potential contaminant of food, at low non-toxic concentrations. The human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells were treated with the vehicle control and test agents, separately and in a binary mixture, for 24 h at 37°C in 5% CO2. After the treatment period, the cells were evaluated by the traditional biochemical endpoints of toxicity in combination with the toxicogenomic endpoints that included cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury and changes in pathway-focused gene expression profiles. Compared with the controls, low non-toxic concentrations of UA and LPS separately showed no effect on the cells as determined by the biochemical endpoints. However, the simultaneous mixed exposure of the cells to their binary mixture resulted in increased cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. The pathway-focused gene expression analysis resulted in the altered expression of several genes out of 84 genes examined. Most altered gene expressions induced by the binary mixture of UA and LPS were different from those induced by the individual constituents. The genes affected by the mixture were not modulated by either UA or LPS. The results of the present study suggest that the interactions of low nontoxic concentrations of UA and LPS produce toxicity in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saura C Sahu
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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8
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Fischer L, Deppert W, Pfeifer D, Stanzel S, Weimer M, Hanjalic-Beck A, Stein A, Straßer M, Zahradnik H, Schaefer W. Potential hazards to embryo implantation: A human endometrial in vitro model to identify unwanted antigestagenic actions of chemicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Andersen ME, Clewell HJ, Carmichael PL, Boekelheide K. Can case study approaches speed implementation of the NRC report: "toxicity testing in the 21st century: a vision and a strategy?". ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2012; 28:175-82. [PMID: 21993955 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2011.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 2007 report "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy" argued for a change in toxicity testing for environmental agents and discussed federal funding mechanisms that could be used to support this transformation within the USA. The new approach would test for in vitro perturbations of toxicity pathways using human cells with high-throughput testing platforms. The NRC report proposed a deliberate timeline, spanning about 20 years, to implement a wholesale replacement of current in-life toxicity test approaches focused on apical responses with in vitro assays. One approach to accelerating implementation is to focus on well-studied prototype compounds with known toxicity pathway targets. Through a series of carefully executed case studies with four or five pathway prototypes, the various steps required for implementation of an in vitro toxicity pathway approach to risk assessment could be developed and refined. In this article, we discuss alternative approaches for implementation and also outline advantages of a case study approach and the manner in which the case studies could be pursued using current methodologies. A case study approach would be complementary to recently proposed efforts to map the human toxome, while representing a significant extension toward more formal risk assessment compared to the profiling and prioritization approaches inherent in programs such as the EPA's ToxCast effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Andersen
- The Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, USA.
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Hsieh TF, Tseng CJ, Tang JB, Chen YH. A proline rich acidic protein PRAP identified from uterine luminal fluid of estrous mice is able to enhance the estrogen responsiveness of Ishikawa cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3122-8. [PMID: 21695714 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Using mice as experimental animals, proteins in the uterine luminal fluid (ULF) from both adults and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate (DES)-treated immature animals were resolved by 2D gel electrophoresis. Two of the protein spots, (a) and (b) around the positions of 18-20 kDa, in the adult ULF were not found in the DES-treated ULF. Automated Edman degradation established the same N-terminal sequences of AHQVPVKTKGKHVFP for the two protein spots. Two trypsin digests of spot (a) were analyzed using CID MS/MS to establish the peptide sequences DNQLGPLLPEPK and RPDAMTWVETEDILSHLR. These partial sequences were confirmed in the cDNA-deduced mouse proline rich acidic protein (PRAP). Using human Ishikawa cell line as a surrogate endometrial model, we demonstrated rapid entrance of exogenous PRAP into the cells and its ability to enhance alkaline phosphatase activity of the E(2) -stimulated cells. Further, the transcripts of five estrogen-responsive genes, including ALPP (Placental alkaline phosphtase), ALPPL (placental alkaline phosphatase-like 2), TGF (transforming growth factor), PR (progesterone receptor), and Wnt7a, were measured after the cell incubation in modified Eagle medium containing 0.1 nM E(2) , or 0-25 µM PRAP, or both together at 37°C for 48 h. As compared with the control, E(2) alone increased the transcripts of ALPP, ALPPL, TGF-α, and PR, and reduced the transcript of Wnt7a, whereas PRAP alone had a slight impact on their expression. E(2) together with PRAP greatly increased the E(2) -stimulated transcriptions of ALPP, ALPPL, TGF-α, and PR, and markedly reduced the E(2) -suppressed transcription of Wnt7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Güllü G, Karabulut S, Akkiprik M. Functional roles and clinical values of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in different types of cancers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:266-80. [PMID: 22313597 PMCID: PMC3777492 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are critical regulators of the mitogenic activity of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). IGFBP5, one of these IGFBPs, has special structural features, including a nuclear transport domain, heparin-binding motif, and IGF/extracellular matrix/acid-labile subunit-binding sites. Furthermore, IGFBP5 has several functional effects on carcinogenesis and even normal cell processes, such as cell growth, death, motility, and tissue remodeling. These biological effects are sometimes related with IGF (IGF-dependent effects) and sometimes not (IGF-independent effects). The functional role of IGFBP5 is most likely determined in a cell-type and tissue-type specific manner but also depends on cell context, especially in terms of the diversity of interacting proteins and the potential for nuclear localization. Clinical findings show that IGFBP5 has the potential to be a useful clinical biomarker for predicting response to therapy and clinical outcome of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the functional diversity and clinical importance of IGFBP5 in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Güllü
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, DMarmara University, Istanbul 34468, Turkey
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Sahu SC, Amankwa-Sakyi M, O'Donnell MW, Sprando RL. Effects of usnic acid exposure on human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in culture. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:722-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saura C. Sahu
- Division of Toxicology; Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Margaret Amankwa-Sakyi
- Division of Public Health and Biostatistics; Office of Food Defense; Communication and Emergency Response; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Michael W. O'Donnell
- Division of Public Health and Biostatistics; Office of Food Defense; Communication and Emergency Response; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
| | - Robert L. Sprando
- Division of Toxicology; Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; US Food and Drug Administration; Laurel; MD; 20708; USA
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Marty MS, Carney EW, Rowlands JC. Endocrine Disruption: Historical Perspectives and Its Impact on the Future of Toxicology Testing. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120 Suppl 1:S93-108. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Xenobiotic metabolism gene expression in the EpiDerm™ in vitro 3D human epidermis model compared to human skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1450-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Daston GP, Naciff JM. Predicting developmental toxicity through toxicogenomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 90:110-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Chiu WA, Euling SY, Scott CS, Subramaniam RP. Approaches to advancing quantitative human health risk assessment of environmental chemicals in the post-genomic era. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 271:309-23. [PMID: 20353796 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of genomics and associated technologies to human health risk assessment for environmental chemicals has focused largely on elucidating mechanisms of toxicity, as discussed in other articles in this issue. However, there is interest in moving beyond hazard characterization to making more direct impacts on quantitative risk assessment (QRA)--i.e., the determination of toxicity values for setting exposure standards and cleanup values. We propose that the evolution of QRA of environmental chemicals in the post-genomic era will involve three, somewhat overlapping phases in which different types of approaches begin to mature. The initial focus (in Phase I) has been and continues to be on "augmentation" of weight of evidence--using genomic and related technologies qualitatively to increase the confidence in and scientific basis of the results of QRA. Efforts aimed towards "integration" of these data with traditional animal-based approaches, in particular quantitative predictors, or surrogates, for the in vivo toxicity data to which they have been anchored are just beginning to be explored now (in Phase II). In parallel, there is a recognized need for "expansion" of the use of established biomarkers of susceptibility or risk of human diseases and disorders for QRA, particularly for addressing the issues of cumulative assessment and population risk. Ultimately (in Phase III), substantial further advances could be realized by the development of novel molecular and pathway-based biomarkers and statistical and in silico models that build on anticipated progress in understanding the pathways of human diseases and disorders. Such efforts would facilitate a gradual "reorientation" of QRA towards approaches that more directly link environmental exposures to human outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihsueh A Chiu
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 20460, USA.
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Boehme K, Simon S, Mueller SO. Gene expression profiling in Ishikawa cells: A fingerprint for estrogen active compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 236:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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